Irish Journal of Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"New flexi force sensor integrated seat pan device with real-time biofeedback for instant poor posture alert among office workers: a pilot study.","authors":"Faris Bani Yasin, Fuad A Abdulla, Jagannathan Madhanagopal, Amjad Shallan, Bodor Bin Sheeha, Ali Mohamed Ali Ismail","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04104-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04104-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poor posture of office workers (OWs) is needed to be self-corrected. This study aimed to develop a flexi force sensor integrated seat pan device (SPD) with real-time biofeedback for instant alerts about the poor posture of OWs and self-correction of it.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The device was constructed using a high-density polyurethane cushion, two flexi force sensors (FFS), an ESP32 microcontroller, passive electronics, and a liquid crystal display. All components are interfaced with custom-written Arduino software and linked to smartphones via the Blynk application. The SPD was tested with the gold standard Universal Testing Machine (UTM) for its linearity, repeatability, and test-retest reliability of load detection. The SPD was tested among three physiotherapists using simulated poor posture and proper seated posture (PSP) and further tested among 14 OWs whose body weight ranged from 40 to 90 kg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With a linear regression of r = 0.99 for both FFS sensors, the voltage output of SPD rises steadily and linearly against the imposed compressive load, which spans from 0 to 90 kg. The upper and lower 95% limit of agreement for the SPD's voltage difference with the real mean of FFS 1 and FFS 2 were (4.72 mV and - 4.78 mV) and (4.32 mV and - 6.96 mV), respectively. With an ICC of 0.99, SPD's test-retest reliability revealed excellent reliability. SPD performance testing among 14 OWs found that it delivers an immediate alert whenever they adopt poor posture and aids in self-correction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SPD alerts poor posture instantly among OWs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145292225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of emotion recognition and empathy training on children's empathic tendencies and social acceptance of peers with special needs: a pretest-posttest controlled experimental study.","authors":"Ayşe Elkoca, Sonay Bilgin","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04116-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04116-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Children with special needs face various challenges in gaining social acceptance from their peers, and limited empathic understanding from classmates can hinder inclusive education. Empathy and emotion recognition, while critical to positive peer relationships, are complex and poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to identify the effect of emotion recognition and empathy training on normally developing children's empathic tendencies and social acceptance of their peers with special needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental study has a pretest-posttest control group design. It was conducted with 70 children studying in two different primary schools (32 children in the experimental group and 38 children in the control group). The research data were collected via the Demographic Information Form, the Empathic Tendency Scale, and the Social Acceptance Scale. The training program focused on emotion recognition and empathy was applied as a nursing intervention to the experimental group once a week for 11 weeks, whereas no intervention was administered to the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The difference between the mean post-test Empathic Tendency Scale scores of children in the experimental group and children in the control group was statistically significant. Also, there was a statistically significant difference between the mean post-test Social Acceptance Scale scores of children in the experimental group and children in the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In the study, it was concluded that the emotion recognition and empathy training program enhanced children's empathic tendencies and social acceptance of their peers with special needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing educator preparedness for type 1 diabetes: a theory-based intervention targeting knowledge and Self-efficacy in low-resource schools.","authors":"Dursun Alper Yılmaz, Gökhan Dege, Meryem Atasoy","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04122-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04122-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an increasing concern among school-aged children, with more than 1.2 million affected globally. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), teachers often act as first responders to diabetes-related emergencies despite limited preparation. Structured education programs informed by behavioral theory may help strengthen both knowledge and applied competence among school staff.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study examined the short-term effects of a Bandura-based diabetes education intervention on teachers' knowledge, self-efficacy, and scenario-based competence in a socioeconomically disadvantaged region of eastern Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A quasi-experimental, single-group pre-post design was conducted with 75 in-service primary school teachers. Participants attended a 90-min education session incorporating Bandura's four sources of self-efficacy. Outcomes included diabetes knowledge (14-item Adult Diabetes Knowledge Test), teaching self-efficacy, and scenario-based simulations. Data were analyzed with non-parametric tests and effect size calculations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Teachers' total knowledge scores improved significantly, with the median increasing from 16.0 to 23.0 (p < .001), and remained higher at the four-week follow-up. Gains were consistent across domains. Self-efficacy scores increased from 3.1 to 4.3 (p < .001), while scenario-based accuracy rose from 63.2% to 82.4% (p < .001). Knowledge gains correlated moderately with scenario performance (ρ = .42; p < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A brief, structured education session improved teachers' knowledge, self-efficacy, and applied performance in a low-resource context. While findings are limited by the single-group design and short follow-up, they suggest potential benefits of incorporating diabetes education into teacher professional development. Broader implementation within national training frameworks may help strengthen school preparedness for diabetes-related emergencies in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145286060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and associated factors of low bone mineral density in young adults with spinal cord injury.","authors":"Demet Ferahman, Ebru Kübra Taşpolat, Pınar Öztop Çiftkaya, Melike Demirel, Rabia Selma Kotaran, Münire Nazlı Höbek Başer, Sacide Nur Coşar","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04128-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04128-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) and its associated factors in young adults (18-50 years) with spinal cord injury (SCI), using real-world clinical data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 63 hospitalized SCI patients (21 women, 42 men) between January 2021 and December 2023. BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry DXA at the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip, and classified as normal or low (Z-score ≤ -2.0). Demographics, body mass index (BMI), spasticity, ambulation (FAC), biochemical parameters, and fracture history were compared between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Low bone mass was detected in 38.1% of participants. BMD reduction was most pronounced at the femoral neck (0.6 ± 0.18 vs. 0.9 ± 0.15 g/cm²; p = 0.001) and total femur (0.6 ± 0.10 vs. 0.9 ± 0.17 g/cm²; p = 0.001), while lumbar spine values showed no significant difference (p = 0.62). Patients with low BMD had significantly lower BMI (23.8 ± 6.1 vs. 26.2 ± 5.0 kg/m²; p = 0.020). Notably, all fractures (n = 3) occurred in the normal BMD group, all with poor ambulation (FAC 0-1) and spasticity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Low BMD is common in young adults with SCI, particularly in the femoral region, and is associated with lower BMI. The paradoxical finding of fractures in patients with normal BMD suggests that fracture risk is multifactorial and extends beyond densitometric parameters alone. These findings underscore the need for femur-focused DXA protocols and individualized risk-based management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fire covering the murder: diagnostic challenges of postmortem burning in carbonized victims.","authors":"Hüseyin Çağrı Şahin, Muhammed Fatih Yaman, Çağlar Altıntop, Fatih Güler, Furkan Kılıç, Yusuf Atan, Aytül Buğra","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04114-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04114-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postmortem burning is a common method to conceal homicide, and detecting antemortem injuries in carbonized bodies is a major forensic challenge. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of non-fire antemortem traumatic findings and their relationship with classical vitality indicators, aiming also to propose a preliminary framework that could guide forensic practice.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 115 carbonized burn deaths selected from 24,345 autopsies performed at the Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul, Türkiye, between 2019 and 2022. Cases were classified according to the presence of non-fire antemortem trauma and compared in terms of autopsy, airway, toxicological, and histopathological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most victims were male (69.6%), with deaths predominantly occurring indoors (67.8%) and during the winter (35.7%). Soot in the airways (75.7%) and thermal airway injury (51.8%) were common. Antemortem trauma was identified in 25 cases (21.7%), most often blunt trauma (40.0%), followed by explosion (24.0%), sharp-force (20.0%), and asphyxial injuries (12.0%). Trauma-positive cases showed lower COHb levels and fewer airway findings. In eight postmortem burning cases with sharp-force or asphyxial injuries, airway soot was present in two, thermal injury in two, and one case had a COHb level of 19.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>COHb levels and airway indicators alone are insufficient in fire-related deaths. A multidisciplinary approach is required. Based on our findings, a preliminary framework is suggested in which trauma-focused autopsy is prioritized when body integrity is preserved, while greater reliance on scene investigation and radiological methods is needed in severely carbonized cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out-of-pocket vaccination of 0-6 aged children: choice or face of women's status.","authors":"Sevinç Sütlü, Binali Çatak","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04112-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04112-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The World Health Organization recognizes vaccines as the most effective method for preventing infectious diseases in terms of cost-effectiveness and safety.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine whether the factors determining the social status of the mother affect children's access to paid vaccines that are not included in the national vaccination program.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The population of the cross-sectional study consisted of children between the ages of 6 months and 6 years who were examined in state hospitals. The sample size was calculated as 383. Face-to-face interview technique was used in data collection between May and September 2023. Chi-square tests were used in pairwise analyses, and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate causal relationships.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mother's education level was above 8 years (OR 0.299; CI .129-.695), having a job where she could retire (OR 1.700; CI 1.025-2.821), residing in the city center (OR 1.835; CI 1.117-3.015), age above 24 years (OR 0.227; CI .078-.664), and full compliance with the routine vaccination schedule (OR 3.700; CI 1.245-11.000) increase non-routine vaccination of children.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Factors affecting the social status of mothers also affect children's access to out-of-pocket vaccines. Every investment made to raise the status of women will positively affect the health of children. The most common reasons given for not vaccinating were a lack of knowledge about the vaccine and not being recommended by the doctor. Healthcare professionals should update their knowledge and inform their patients about vaccines outside the national vaccination program.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A million patient minutes saved: using real-time data and teamwork to reduce emergency department triage delays.","authors":"Enda Hession, Siobhan McGrath, Sinead McDonnell, Deirdre O'Brien, Donagh Mangan, Clint Coen, John O'Donnell, James Foley","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04109-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04109-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145274674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortical volume alterations indicate structural atrophy patterns over time in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a volBrain-based analysis.","authors":"Buket Kılıç, Ayla Tekin, Sena Destan Bünül, Hüsnü Efendi, Özgür Çakır, Kamil Can Kılıç, Tuncay Çolak","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04115-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04115-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative disorder affecting central nervous system, predominantly manifests as Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS), with subcortical volume loss serving as a prognostic indicator.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to assess time-dependent volumetric changes in thalamus and basal nuclei using a validated automated tool, volBrain software, on MR images (MRI) across three years and relationship between structural changes and disease progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included 50 RRMS patients (33.5 ± 6.3 years; 68% female, 32% male) and 50 healthy controls (38.0 ± 5.8 years; 64% female, 36% male). T1-weighted brain MRI scans (from 2017, 2019, 2022) were analyzed via volBrain. Statistical analyses included Shapiro-Wilk, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman, and Dunn tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thalamus, nucleus caudatus (nuc. caudatus), and nucleus lentiformis (nuc. lentiformis) volumes were significantly lower in RRMS (p < 0.05). Significant volume loss was observed between 1st-3rd MRI and 2nd-3rd MRI (p < 0.05), but difference between 1st-2nd MRI was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The most pronounced volume loss occurred between 1st-3rd MRI, with the greatest reduction observed in left nuc. caudatus (7.92%). This loss was followed by right thalamus (5.68%) and nuc. lentiformis (4.35%). Although atrophy was observed across disease duration groups, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Volume loss in thalamus and basal nuclei indicated significant atrophy in RRMS patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings highlighted MS-induced subcortical atrophy that significantly impacts brain structure. This study was distinguished through volBrain, highlighting its effectiveness in providing data with clinical relevance. Subcortical volume changes show potential as biomarkers for disease progression and guiding targeted therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does preoperative waiting time influence anxiety and analgesic demand? A prospective observational study.","authors":"Erkan Bayram, İlke Dolğun","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04102-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04102-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preoperative anxiety adversely affects anesthetic management, hemodynamic stability, and recovery. Among modifiable perioperative variables, the impact of preoperative waiting time on anxiety and postoperative outcomes has been insufficiently explored.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the relationship between waiting time and perioperative anxiety, hemodynamic responses, intraoperative opioid use, and postoperative analgesic requirements in adults undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, 130 ASA I-II adults were evaluated in the preoperative waiting area. The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS), systolic blood pressure, and heart rate were measured on arrival and immediately pre-induction. Waiting time was the interval between these assessments. Intraoperative fentanyl/remifentanil doses and postoperative tramadol consumption were recorded. Pearson correlation and linear regression were used (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Longer waiting times were associated with higher pre-induction APAIS scores (r = 0.339, p < 0.001) and greater postoperative tramadol use (r = 0.333, p < 0.001). Waiting time inversely correlated with preoperative systolic blood pressure (r =  - 0.253, p = 0.004). Associations with intraoperative opioid doses were not significant. Female sex, lower education, prior surgery, and negative surgical experiences were associated with higher anxiety. Midazolam premedication did not prevent anxiety escalation in patients with extended waiting times.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative waiting time is a modifiable, hospital-based factor that meaningfully influences perioperative anxiety and postoperative analgesic demand. Reducing unnecessary delays through individualized perioperative planning may enhance patient comfort, support hemodynamic stability, and reduce postoperative analgesic requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between skeletal muscle mass and glycemic parameters in individuals with young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Anupama Harihar, Sahana Shetty, Shivashankar K N, Shyamasunder Bhat N, Dhiren Punja, Sachin Kumar, G Arun Maiya","doi":"10.1007/s11845-025-04111-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-025-04111-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Young-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasingly prevalent condition characterized by rapid progression. Apart from adipose tissue, there has been growing attention to the relationship between T2DM and total body skeletal muscle mass (SMM).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study investigated the relationships between body composition indicators and glycemic parameters in young-onset T2DM patients versus young, healthy adults, aiming to identify predictive markers with optimal cutoff values for the early identification of young-onset T2DM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among 252 participants aged 18-40 years, including 96 young-onset T2DM patients and 156 non-T2DM individuals. Glycemic parameters and body composition variables were assessed via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical analysis included correlation, multiple logistic regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis to determine optimal SMM% cutoff values for young-onset T2DM prediction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SMM% displayed a significant negative correlation with HbA1c (p =  - 0.624) and FBG (p =  - 0.656). VF demonstrated a positive correlation with both HbA1c (p = 0.636) and FBG (p = 0.580). Logistic regression analysis identified SMM, VF, and subcutaneous fat as significant predictors of HbA1c levels. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed gender-specific SMM% cutoff values of 23.14% for females and 28.6% for males, with high sensitivity and specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Reduced SMM% and increased VF are significant predictors of young-onset T2DM. The study established the optimal gender-specific cutoff value of SMM% for identifying individuals at risk of young-onset T2DM in the Indian population. Incorporating body composition assessments into clinical practice may facilitate early detection and targeted interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14507,"journal":{"name":"Irish Journal of Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}