{"title":"Correlation Between NMR Coupling Constants and σ-Donating Properties of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes and Their Derivatives.","authors":"Radhika Gupta, Gilles Frison","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403403","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Is the <sup>1</sup>J<sub>C-H</sub> coupling constant for protonated carbene a relevant measure of its σ-donation ability? This paper addresses this question by comparing calculated <sup>1</sup>J<sub>C-H</sub> values with various experimental and theoretical approaches across a broad spectrum of carbene compounds. We examined Arduengo-type NHCs based on the 2-imidazolylidene scaffold and many other derivatives with modified frameworks, including carbenes with extended, saturated, or conjugated rings, reduced heteroatom stabilization, alternative heteroatoms, permanently charged carbenes, acyclic carbenes, amidocarbenes, and cyclic amino(alkyl/aryl) carbenes, carbodicarbenes and carbodiphosphoranes. Our findings reveal a nuanced relationship between different parameters associated with σ-interaction, such as <sup>1</sup>J<sub>C-H</sub>, Huynh electronic parameter (HEP), σ-donation from ETS-NOCV, and lone pair energy. Notably, the best correlation was observed between <sup>1</sup>J<sub>C-H</sub> and the ETS-NOCV method, particularly for mono- and diaminocarbenes, highlighting the utility of <sup>1</sup>J<sub>C-H</sub> in comparing σ-donation among structurally similar carbene types. However, the use of <sup>1</sup>J<sub>C-H</sub> as a universal measure across all carbene classes appears limited, especially when considering carbenes with significantly different structural frameworks. While HEP is less effective for carbenes with diverse structural backbones, our study suggests that <sup>1</sup>J<sub>C-H</sub> has potential across a broader range of systems. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that lone pair energy reflects basicity rather than σ-donor ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Enrico Spoletti, Mariana O Diniz, Michael Svärd, Åke Rasmuson, Sarah P Hudson, Matteo Lusi
{"title":"Guest Diffusion Versus Recrystallization in A Single Crystal: Two Growing Mechanisms for Griseofulvin Clathrates.","authors":"Enrico Spoletti, Mariana O Diniz, Michael Svärd, Åke Rasmuson, Sarah P Hudson, Matteo Lusi","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403488","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Griseofulvin represents a rare case of a close-packed organic apohost that can clathrate selected volatile guests in a solid-gas fashion. Inclusion mechanisms and solvent exchange were investigated by a combination of single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, coupled to optical microscopy and thermal analyses. In particular, gas diffusion and dissolution/recrystallization are alternatively observed, depending on the host polymorph, as well as the chemical nature of the guest and its physical state.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142821532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Hybrid BN-doped nanographene with narrow emission bandwidths for OLEDs.","authors":"Viacheslav Diev, Yunlong Zou, Denis Kondakov, Glenn Yap","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe synthesis of BN-doped nanographene containing five phenylene units, boron and nitrogen atoms with both alternating ortho-disposition as well as direct B-N connection. Resulting BN doped nanographene exhibits blue fluorescence at 441 nm with extraordinary narrow fluorescence peak with full width at half maximum (FWHM) = 10-11 nm. Crystallography reveals supramolecular organization of this compound in the crystal phase. Initial organic light emitting device (OLED) data suggest that the presence of a directly connected B-N isostere can lead to devices with sufficiently long lifetime as well as narrow emission electro-luminescence peaks for OLED applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Strongly Coupled 1T'-ReSe<sub>2</sub>@2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> van der Waals Heterostructure for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution at High Current Densities.","authors":"Xingchen Zhang, Dongfang Zhang, Dingyi Zhou, Xinya Chen, Jinying Zhang, Zhiyong Wang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403433","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Developing efficient and durable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for high current-density hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) is a pressing requirement for commercial industrial electrolyzers. In this study, a vertical 1T'-ReSe<sub>2</sub>@2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> van der Waals heterostructure was developed through interface engineering to enhance the advantages of each component and expose numerous active sites. Experimental investigations and density functional theory calculations demonstrate significant electronic coupling at the interface between 1T'-ReSe<sub>2</sub> and 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub>, with suitable Gibbs free energy for hydrogen adsorption. The 1T'-ReSe<sub>2</sub>@2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> heterostructure catalyst achieves high current density HER with low overpotentials of 191 mV to generate up to 800 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> in 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, outperforming commercial 5 % Pt/C catalysts. Moreover, this catalyst exhibits rapid reaction kinetics and long-term durability, illustrating a successful approach to designing efficient heterostructure electrocatalysts for hydrogen production through interface engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142520488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chun-Yan Liu, Yun-Jing Mu, Wu-Ji Chen, Yi-An Yin, Chang-Gen Lin, Haralampos N Miras, Yu-Fei Song
{"title":"Modulating the Supramolecular Assembly of α-Cyclodextrin and Anderson-type Polyoxometalate through Covalent Modifications.","authors":"Chun-Yan Liu, Yun-Jing Mu, Wu-Ji Chen, Yi-An Yin, Chang-Gen Lin, Haralampos N Miras, Yu-Fei Song","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403520","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of unprecedented supramolecular complexes of covalently modified Anderson-type polyoxometalates (POMs) and α-cyclodextrins (α-CDs) have been obtained and characterized in solid state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and in aqueous solution using various techniques including <sup>1</sup>H DOSY NMR, 2D NOESY <sup>1</sup>H NMR, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (ESI-TOF-MS). It has been demonstrated that the supramolecular assembly process could be modulated by different covalent modification modes of the Anderson POMs, giving rise to a new type of POM/α-CD complexes featuring organic-inorganic pseudo-rotaxane structures, which are in good contrast to those of POM/γ-CD complexes of poly-rotaxane structures. Moreover, it is delighted to find that these pseudo-rotaxanes of POM/α-CD complexes exhibit stable chirality in aqueous solution, which has not been accomplished in previously reported POM/CD assemblies.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Translating Solid-Phase Conformational Memory in the Prophecy of Multi-stimuli Responsive Low Molecular Weight Gels.","authors":"Himanshu Sharma, Debabrat Pathak, Niharika Tanwar, Pankaj Tiwari, Bipul Sarma","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403467","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymorphism and its screening to select the best-performing form is in high demand. In low molecular weight organogels (LMWG), gelators are designed as they contain flexible groups, functionalities capable of varied H-bonding, and increased the potential to show polymorphism. We synthesized a bis-urea based LMWG G1 and isolated three distinct polymorphic phases (Form I, II, and III). G1 polymorphs showed noticeable differences in solubility; precisely, Form I is highly soluble compared to the other two. Gel screening was carried out for all three polymorphs using different stimuli like heat-cool, sonication, shaking, and grinding. Among the polymorphs, Form I was found to have better gelling ability which was reflected by the solvent scope, thermal stability (gel-sol transition temperature T<sub>gel</sub>), minimum gelator concentration (M.G.C.), stimuli-responsiveness, morphology, and rheological properties. The differences in their gelation performance among the three polymorphs are associated with their solubility parameter. Stimuli like sonication, shaking, and grinding triggered Form I to form a gel. Form II and III responded to heat-cool stimuli only due to poor solubility. Therefore, it is noted crucial to add polymorph screening as an integral part of the gel synthesis to avoid problems associated with reproducibility in the gel prophecy of LMWG systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142666533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cyclometalated Ir<sup>III</sup> Complex Possessing Chiral MIC ligand: Regiospecific sp<sup>3</sup> C-H Activation and Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketone.","authors":"Tarak Nath Saha, Bhaskar Mondal, Rina Mahato, Rajat Naskar, Chinmoy Kumar Hazra, Ramananda Maity","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403516","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cyclometalation offers a wide number of organometallic metallacycles showing diverse applications. However, such NHC complexes synthesized via an sp<sup>3</sup> C-H bond activation are rare. An iridium(III) complex with a chiral mesoionic N-heterocyclic carbene (MIC) ligand, where the Ir<sup>III</sup> forms an additional Ir-C bond via a regiospecific sp<sup>3</sup> C-H bond activation at the N-methylbenzyl wingtip, was synthesized and characterized. To our best knowledge, this represents the first example of cyclometalated iridium(III) complex possessing a chiral MIC donor ligand. The formation of the complex was followed by 2D correlation NMR spectroscopy and the molecular formula mass was evidenced by ESI-HRMS mass spectrometry. The molecular structure of the Ir<sup>III</sup>-MIC complex was unambiguously established by the single crystal XRD data. This cyclometalated Ir<sup>III</sup> complex was employed in the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of 4-bromoacetophenone, and the complex was successful to transfer chirality to the final alcohol molecules (up to 92 % ee).</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142737681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"One-Step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Glucose-Induced Low Crystallinity NiCo-Based Layered Double Hydroxides for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors.","authors":"Xiaoyang Cheng, Lihua Zhang, Lingyan Li, Hao Wu, Jinfeng Zheng, Jiao Sun, Guifang Li","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403439","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In order to improve the electrochemical performance of NiCo-based layered double hydroxide (NiCoLDH), the synthesis of low-crystallinity NiCoLDH was induced by the adsorption of glucose and NiCoLDH. The results showed that glucose could not only effectively regulate the pore structure and morphology of NiCoLDH, but also had a regular effect on crystallinity. Pure phase NiCoLDH had higher crystallinity. When the mass of glucose is 0.05 g, the prepared NiCoLDH-0.05 is a short-range ordered structure embedded in the amorphous matrix. The crystallinity of the product decreases further with the further increase of glucose mass. Since the ordered structures have higher electrical conductivity, and amorphous structures have more defects and active sites, the structure of NiCoLDH-0.05 is conducive to achieving the best electrochemical performance. Electrochemical test results show that NiCoLDH-0.05 has a high specific capacitance, about 12 times that of the pure phase NiCoLDH, the mass of glucose is higher than or below 0.05 g, the specific capacitance will be further reduced. NiCoLDH-0.05 and activated carbon assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor have a power density of 400 W kg<sup>-1</sup> at an energy density of 32.7 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>. This study provides a new idea for obtaining excellent electrochemical properties by adjusting LDH crystallinity.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403439"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142783552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lulu Xu, Shuo Liu, Shikun Li, Lei Wang, Xiangju Meng, Feng-Shou Xiao, Trees De Baerdemaeker, Andrei-Nicolae Parvulescu, Weiping Zhang
{"title":"Highly Efficient and Selective Synthesis of Renewable Isoprene Over Mo-Fe-O and MgO/Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> Composite Catalysts.","authors":"Lulu Xu, Shuo Liu, Shikun Li, Lei Wang, Xiangju Meng, Feng-Shou Xiao, Trees De Baerdemaeker, Andrei-Nicolae Parvulescu, Weiping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403375","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthesis of renewable isoprene continues to attract significant interest, yet catalysts still need improvement for industrial applications. We report herein an efficient and novel Prins tandem approach for highly selective production of isoprene from bio-based methanol and isobutene over Mo-Fe-O and MgO/Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> acid-base bifunctional catalysts. Hydration decreases the number of strong basic sites O<sup>2-</sup> ions and increases OH groups over MgO, thus improving the isoprene selectivity. Basic OH on Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> promotes the Prins condensation of formaldehyde and isobutene, while acidic OH promotes dehydration of isoprenol to isoprene. Suitable contents and proportions of basic and acidic OH groups over Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> increase isoprene selectivity and methanol conversion to 90 and 92 % on the Mo-Fe-O+Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> composite catalysts, respectively. It exhibits good recycling stability, with isoprene selectivity remaining 90 % after five successive regenerations. DFT calculations reveal OH groups formed after hydration reduce the energy barrier of the H transfer step, thereby promoting the overall reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Luminescent Radical Polymers.","authors":"Ziteng Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jing Zhi Sun, Haoke Zhang, Xinghong Zhang, Ben Zhong Tang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403493","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic radicals are gaining significant interest in luminescent materials due to their unique properties, which present unprecedented opportunities for innovation across various fields, from display technology to biomedical applications. However, addressing challenges related to stability and low fluorescence efficiency is crucial to unlocking their full potential for practical applications. Polymerization has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance intra- and interchain through-space interactions, enabling the creation of stable luminescent radicals with excellent processing and multifunctional properties. This concept emphasizes the strategic use of polymerization in designing and synthesizing stable main-chain and side-chain radical polymers. This approach not only broadens the scope of stable radicals but also improves their luminescence properties as photofunctional materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403493"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142542335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}