Victor A Brotsman, Nadezhda B Tamm, Maria P Kosaya, Vitaliy Yu Markov, Alexey A Goryunkov, Ilya N Ioffe, Sergey I Troyanov
{"title":"Chlorination-Supported Shrinkage of C60 Fullerene to Non-classical C58 Cages.","authors":"Victor A Brotsman, Nadezhda B Tamm, Maria P Kosaya, Vitaliy Yu Markov, Alexey A Goryunkov, Ilya N Ioffe, Sergey I Troyanov","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We provide important novel insights into skeletal transformations of fullerene by reporting new cases of cage shrinkage in the most abundant C60 fullerene via a C2 loss. High-temperature (400-500 oC) chlorination of IPR C60 with SbCl5 or SbCl5/SbCl3 mixtures predominantly gives non-IPR C60Cln compounds via Stone-Wales rearrangements, but the present study further reveals non-classical C58Cln chlorofullerenes as by-products. The new C58(NC1)Cl20 and C58(NC1)Cl24 chlorides have been isolated by air-free HPLC and structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. Their non-classical carbon cages feature one heptagon, two pairs of fused pentagons, one triple-pentagon junction, and one quartet of sequentially fused pentagons. However, the chlorination patterns and molecular shapes of C58(NC1)Cl20 and C58(NC1)Cl24 are essentially different. We propose the likely multistep transformation pathways toward the new compounds and further report the chlorination-promoted formation of chlorofullerenes with still smaller fullerene cages.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404598"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Philip P Power, Connor P McLoughlin, Anthony J Witt, Anni Maijala, Angela A Shiau, Guodong Rao, R David Britt, Heikki M Tuononen
{"title":"Characterization of the Titanium(III) Tris(alkyl) Ti{CH(SiMe3)2}3 and its Conversion to a Dimeric Alkyl-bridged Titanium(IV) Species.","authors":"Philip P Power, Connor P McLoughlin, Anthony J Witt, Anni Maijala, Angela A Shiau, Guodong Rao, R David Britt, Heikki M Tuononen","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The reaction of three equivalents of LiCH(SiMe3)2 with TiCl3(NMe3)2 afforded the rare homoleptic Ti(III) alkyl Ti{CH(SiMe3)2}3 (1) which crystallized as blue needles in 32 % yield. Single crystal X-Ray data for 1 showed a trigonal pyramidal coordination geometry around titanium, which could be ascribed to weak interactions between the C-H bonds and the Ti(III) atom based on computational results. X-band EPR spectroscopy give spectral parameters consistent with the proposed Ti(III) formulation. Solutions of 1 are unstable at room temperature owing to intramolecular C-H activation that gave a dimeric Ti(IV) complex [{(Me3Si)2HC}Ti{μ-CH HSiMe3}]2 (2).</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404696"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interpenetration Control in Metal-Organic Polyrotaxanes via Solvent Composition and Ligand Steric-Modulation: Supramolecular Isomerism and Luminescence Detection toward Fe3+ Ions.","authors":"Jing-Yun Wu, Wei-Ting Chen, Meng-Jung Tsai, Po-Min Chuang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three fluorescent Zn coordaintion polymers (CPs) have been synthesized from the reactions of Zn(NO3)2∙6H2O, benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid (1,4-H2bdc), and angular carbazole-derived bispyridyl ligands (Cz-3,6-bpy or Cz-Pr-3,6-bpy). CPs 1-3 all adopt similar two-dimensional (2D) ring-and-rod layer structures, described as topologically 4-connected 2∙65 nets where the Zn(II) centers act as 4-connected nodes. CPs 1 and 2 are a pair of solvent-mediated supramolecular isomers where the former shows a two-fold interlocked 2D → 2D polyrotaxane-like entangled net and the latter reveals a four-fold interpenetrated 2D → 3D polyrotaxane entanglement. CP 3 is structure analgue of 1. The formation of 1-3 implies the realization of interpenetration control and supramolecular isomerism in polyrotaxanes by fine-tuning the solvent compositions and ligand steric-modulation. CPs 1-3 all show high thermal stability approaching 400 °C and good chemical stability in various solvents at room temperature for 24 h. Further, CPs 1-3 all are excellent turn-off sensors to recognize Fe3+ in water with high selectivity and sensitivity, great anti-inference ability, and low limit of detection (LOD). The sensing mechanisms are found to be competitive absorption of excitation wavelength energy and the occurrence of framework-Fe3+ interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404336"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel Gonzalez, Anton Nechaev, Vsevolod A Peshkov, Eduardo Martínez-González, Andrey Belyaev, Andrea Hamza, Mahsa Shahsavan, Petri M Pihko, Pekka Peljo
{"title":"Redox-Active Bisphosphonate-Based Viologens as Negolytes for Aqueous Organic Flow Batteries.","authors":"Gabriel Gonzalez, Anton Nechaev, Vsevolod A Peshkov, Eduardo Martínez-González, Andrey Belyaev, Andrea Hamza, Mahsa Shahsavan, Petri M Pihko, Pekka Peljo","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Viologen derivatives feature two reversible one-electron redox processes and have been extensively utilized in aqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs). However, the early variant, methyl viologen (MVi), exhibits low stability in aqueous electrolytes, restricting its practical implementation in AOFB technology. In this context, leveraging the tunability of organic molecules, various substituents have been incorporated into the viologen core to achieve better stability, lower redox potential, and improved solubility. In this work, we introduce bisphosphonate-substituted viologens as candidates for AOFBs. The bulkiness and negative charges of the bisphosphonate groups enhance the solubility and the electrostatic repulsion among viologen molecules, minimizing the bimolecular side reactions that lead to degradation. Additionally, the electron-donating effect of this new substituent significantly lowers the redox potential. As a result, the proposed viologen derivatives exhibit high solubility (1.66 - 1.81 M in water) and stability (capacity decay of 0.009%/cycle or 0.229%/day when tested at 0.5 M). These parameters are coupled with the lowest redox potentials exceeding all previously reported viologens utilized in AOFBs (-0.503 V and -0.550 V against SHE for mono- and bis-phosphonate viologen, respectively).</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organic Luminescent Cocrystals Based on Benzotriazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, Crystal Structure and Fluorescence Behavior.","authors":"Shengyu Fan, Xin Liu, Shuzhi Yao, Guangnan Xing, Xiaohui Xu, Guanyu Shi, Zhiguang Song, Guodong Feng","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202403889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic cocrystals have garnered significant research attention owing to their distinctive properties and promising applications. However, challenges in molecular structure design and control of intermolecular interactions continue to impede further advancements. In this study, two novel cocrystals were successfully formed from a series of synthesized benzotriazole derivatives. The resulting cocrystals exhibit bright green and yellow fluorescence under 365 nm light. To elucidate the microstructure of the obtained cocrystals, systematic characterization techniques such as solid-state fluorescence emission spectroscopy, Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), Power X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and density functional theory (DFT) were performed. These benzotriazole-based cocrystals demonstrate distinct fluorescent responses to alkaline and acidic environments, respectively. Additionally, preliminary tests for fingerprint recognition yielded satisfactory results. These findings suggest that the two cocrystals hold potential applications in acid-alkali sensing, anti-counterfeiting labels, and smart material development, while also providing valuable insights for the design and optimization of solid-state luminescent materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403889"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selective and Divergent Synthesis of Naphthalene- and Phenanthrene-Fused Azahelicenes by Turning Rearrangement On or Off.","authors":"Chihiro Maeda, Sayaka Michishita, Tadashi Ema","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Scholl reaction has been used to synthesize a variety of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, where 1,2-aryl shifts have sometimes occurred to yield unique rearrangement products. However, such 1,2-aryl shifts are often uncontrollable, and the selective and divergent synthesis with or without rearrangement is desired. Here, we achieved the control of the rearrangement in the Scholl reaction of carbazoles by the N-substituents. The Scholl reaction of 3,6-bis{2-(2-naphthyl)phenyl}carbazoles and 3,6-bis{2-(9-phenanthrenyl)phenyl}carbazoles with an N-benzyl group gave multiple azahelicenes via double rearrangement, while those with an N-benzoyl group gave aza[9]helicene and quadruple [4]helicene in the former and latter cases, respectively. The reaction mechanisms on the divergent reaction pathways were investigated by DFT calculations, which well supported the experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404325"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Transitioning to Green Discovery-Based Catalysis.","authors":"Rory Waterman","doi":"10.1002/chem.202404602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202404602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pressure is mounting to minimize the carbon footprint of chemical industry while increasing its sustainability. An argument is made that working from Green Chemistry principles during discovery-based catalysis results in effective chemistry and circumvents a need to \"rediscover\" chemical reactivity under sustainable conditions. Examples of comparative success in selected examples of hydrophosphination catalysis in various degrees of development are provided to support two main ideas: 1) Starting from more sustainable practices in chemical discovery is inertia in methodology that should be overcome, and 2) Substantial challenges remain in catalysis for which sustainable solution would positively impact other areas of chemistry. Examples of successes, even in the face of the challenges noted, are presented herein indications that as a starting point, sustainability can meet short- and long-term needs. These ideas indicate critical but simple strategies for fundamental research to be impactful in the sustainability of the chemical industry broadly.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202404602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hirendra Nath Dhara, Supriya Manna, Bhisma K Patel
{"title":"A Cascade Synthesis of Furo-Pyrrolo-Pyridines via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Dual N-H/C Annulative-Cyclization.","authors":"Hirendra Nath Dhara, Supriya Manna, Bhisma K Patel","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403470","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A Pd(II)-catalyzed non-template synthesis of furo[2,3-b]pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyridines from β-ketodinitriles and buta-1,3-diynes has been accomplished via dual annulative cyclization. The participation of both the nitrile (-CN) groups led to the concurrent construction of three heterocycles viz. furan, pyrrole, and pyridine forming C-C, C=C, C-O, C-N, and C=N bonds in one pot. The synthetic utility of the protocol was further demonstrated through a few post-synthetic manipulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403470"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joana C Lopes, Maria J Sampaio, Cláudia G Silva, Joaquim L Faria
{"title":"Exploring the Role of Titanate Perovskites in the Oxidation of Amines via Photocatalysis.","authors":"Joana C Lopes, Maria J Sampaio, Cláudia G Silva, Joaquim L Faria","doi":"10.1002/chem.202402422","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202402422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Considering that structural differences could affect the photocatalytic efficiency of titanate perovskites, cubic SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (STO) and tetragonal CaTiO<sub>3</sub> (CTO) were synthesised as models to elucidate the structure-activity relationship. STO and CTO materials were produced through hydrothermal approaches, adjusting parameters such as temperature and pressure to optimise material purity. Among the perovskite photocatalysts, two stand out for their exceptional photocatalytic capacity and crystalline purity: CaTiO<sub>3</sub>, prepared at 180 °C for 36 h, and SrTiO<sub>3</sub>, synthesised at 200 °C for 24 h. Notably, we explore the selective ability of these materials for the photocatalytic oxidative self-coupling of benzylamine (BZA) to produce N-benzylidenebenzylamine (BZI), with CaTiO<sub>3</sub> emerging as the most efficient catalyst for this reaction. The CTO material prepared at 180 °C for 36 h (CTO180T-36) achieved a peak BZI production of 0.5 mM, with a total conversion of BZA after 7 h of irradiation. This study also emphasises the crucial role of reaction conditions and perovskite morphologies in fine-tuning photocatalytic performance. These findings highlight opportunities for developing efficient and selective photocatalytic processes, holding the compromise for applications in organic synthesis and sustainable green chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202402422"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142386649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis, Structures and Air-stable N-type Organic Field-effect Transistor (OFET) Properties of Functionalized-phenanthrene Conjugated Asymmetric N-heteroacenes.","authors":"Zepeng Liu, Yu Hua, Jiqiang Xu, Wenkai Zhao, Guankui Long, Jiaxiang Yang, Qichun Zhang, Guobing Zhang, Chengyuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202403373","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202403373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of stable high-performance n-type organic semiconductors for applications in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) under ambient conditions is desirable but challenging. To address this issue, we here synthesized a series of functionalized-phenanthrene conjugated asymmetric N-heteroacenes, where the phenanthrene moiety was modified by N substitution or Br functionalization at different positions to induce various degrees of asymmetry in their structures. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these molecules were studied, and their packing patterns were analysed. The OFETs based on these materials were fabricated through simple spin-coating method, and the as-resulted thin films were treated with different conditions. The devices exhibit typical n-type performances under ambient conditions with charge carrier mobilities up to 4.27×10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. The crystallinities and morphologies of these thin films were studied to investigate the correlations between the device performances and thin-film characteristics. Our study suggests that phenanthrene conjugated N-heteroacenes can be developed as promising air-stable solution-processable n-type semiconducting materials, and Br modification at certain positions of phenanthrene is beneficial in adjusting the thin-film properties for the improvement of OFET performances.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202403373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}