Dr. Katharina Münster, Jasper Mindner, William-Dale Möller, Dr. Dirk Baabe, Dr. Iker del Rosal, Prof. Dr. Laurent Maron, Prof. Dr. Marc D. Walter
{"title":"Reactivity of [{Cp'Fe(μ-I)}2] toward 3-phospha- and 3-arsaethynolate","authors":"Dr. Katharina Münster, Jasper Mindner, William-Dale Möller, Dr. Dirk Baabe, Dr. Iker del Rosal, Prof. Dr. Laurent Maron, Prof. Dr. Marc D. Walter","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501339","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501339","url":null,"abstract":"<p>[{Cp'Fe(μ-I)}<sub>2</sub>] (<b>I</b>; Cp’ = η<sup>5</sup>–1,2,4-(Me<sub>3</sub>C)<sub>3</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>2</sub>) reacts with [Na(OCP)(1,4-dioxane)<sub>x</sub>] and K(OCAs) to yield [(Cp'Fe)<sub>2</sub>(μ-η<sup>2</sup>:η<sup>2</sup>-P<sub>2</sub>)(μ-CO)] (<b>1</b>) and [(Cp'Fe)<sub>2</sub>(μ-η<sup>2</sup>:η<sup>2</sup>-As<sub>2</sub>)(μ-CO)] (<b>3</b>), respectively. While complex <b>1</b> was previously accessed by <i>Scherer</i> and co-workers using rather harsh reaction conditions, the new synthetic method already proceeds at ambient temperature. UV-light irradiation of <b>1</b> and <b>3</b> induces CO release forming complexes [(Cp'Fe)<sub>2</sub>(μ-η<sup>2</sup>:η<sup>2</sup>-E<sub>2</sub>)] (E = P (<b>2</b>) and As (<b>4</b>)), respectively. However, both reactions also yielded several byproducts which were spectroscopically identified. Furthermore, upon thermally triggered CO elimination from <b>3</b> the Fe<sub>3</sub>As<sub>6</sub>-cluster [(Cp'Fe)<sub>3</sub>(As<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>] (<b>5</b>) is isolated in low yield. In addition, zero-field <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectra were recorded on complexes <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> and computational studies complement the experimental findings and provide additional insights into the bonding in these complexes and the reaction pathways resulting in the formation of complexes <b>1</b>–<b>4</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"31 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/chem.202501339","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Faisal Amin, Paweł Gnida, Jan Grzegorz Małecki, Sonia Kotowicz, Radosław Motyka, Ewa Schab-Balcerzak
{"title":"Role of an Auxiliary Donor and Ethynyl π-Spacer in a New Phenothiazine Derivative as a Dye for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells","authors":"Muhammad Faisal Amin, Paweł Gnida, Jan Grzegorz Małecki, Sonia Kotowicz, Radosław Motyka, Ewa Schab-Balcerzak","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501351","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501351","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new donor-donor-<i>π</i>-acceptor 2-cyano-3-(7-(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-10-ethyl-10<i>H</i>-phenothiazin-3-yl)acrylic acid (<b>PEDCA</b>) has been synthesized in good yield and was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopies. The obtained phenothiazine (PTZ) derivative was explored in dye-sensitized and tandem dye-sensitized solar cells (TDSCs). For reference purposes, the devices based on commercial organometallic dye N719 and a similar PTZ-based dye but without auxiliary donor and ethynyl <i>π</i>-spacer, that is, 2-cyano-3-(10-ethyl-10<i>H</i>-phenothiazin-3-yl)acrylic acid (<b>PEC</b>) were used. The experimental results had also been supported by theoretical calculations performed by employing density functional theory. It was observed that the presence of an auxiliary donor and an ethynyl <i>π</i>-spacer in PTZ unexpectedly decreased the molar absorption coefficient. However, this modification positively influenced the dye loading on the photoanode, which led to a 37% increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) compared to the device sensitized with <b>PEC</b>. Further modifications to the device architecture allowed to obtain DSSC with efficiency above 7%. Despite the fact that the molar absorption coefficients of the <b>PEC</b> solution were higher compared to the <b>PEDCA</b> solution, the key issue is the number of dye molecules, which determines the photocurrent obtained, as shown in the following studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"31 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ring-Opening Chlorination and Bromination of Pyrazolopyridines and Isoxazoles","authors":"Hugo Ohki, Prof. Dr. Junichiro Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501589","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501589","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report the development of electrophilic ring-opening chlorination and bromination reactions of pyrazoloazines and isoxazoles using chlorinating and brominating agents. These transformations proceed via selective cleavage of heteroaromatic N─N or N─O bonds, delivering structurally diverse tertiary halogenated compounds. Furthermore, treatment of formylated pyrazolopyridines with two equivalents of chlorinating or brominating agents afforded dihalogenated products in good yields. This strategy represents a valuable platform for constructing halogenated scaffolds from simple heteroaromatic precursors and broadens the synthetic utility of skeletal transformations in the functionalization of heteroaromatics.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"31 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/chem.202501589","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discrete Heterotrimetallic Assemblies Based on Rod-Shaped Fe<sup>II</sup>-Metalloligands and a Zn<sup>II</sup>-Porphyrin/Ru<sup>II</sup>-Metallacycle.","authors":"Agnese Amati, Giacomo Cecot, Irene Regeni, Erica Giraldi, Kay Severin, Nicola Demitri, Elisabetta Iengo","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501811","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An efficient strategy for the preparation of heterometallic discrete porphyrin assemblies, tuned both in dimensions and number of metal centers, is described. Five rod-shaped di-pyridyl Fe<sup>II</sup>-metalloligands, with varied length (1.5 - 3.2 nm), lateral substituents, and number of iron centers, were used to bridge two Ru<sup>II</sup>-metallacycles, made of two coplanar Zn<sup>II</sup>-porphyrin each. The resulting architectures consist of four Ru<sup>II</sup> complexes, four zinc-porphyrins, and either two or four Fe<sup>II</sup>-clathrochelate units. Earlier, geometrically similar sandwich-like architectures were based on purely organic connectors. Among other novel characteristics, the use of metalloligands was found to be beneficial for the overall stability, thus allowing for a solution-based characterization of the assemblies. Single crystal X-ray structures were determined for the complete collection, highlighting additional key features: the two facing Zn<sup>II</sup>-porphyrin platforms are set wide apart according to the span of the two connecting metalloligands, while the latter are parallelly aligned by the anchoring Zn<sup>II</sup>-porphyrin/Ru<sup>II</sup>-metallacycles, at fixed inter Fe··Fe distance(s). Mutual control over these geometrical parameters is very strict, as evidenced by self-sorting experiments. Useful implementation of these systems into functional systems may be envisaged by pairing the peripheral metalloporphyrin photosensitizers with photo/redox/catalytically active inner metal cores.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202501811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Nature and Stability of Transition Metal-Anchored Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Single-Atom Catalysts.","authors":"Angelina N van Dam, Pascal Vermeeren","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501654","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transition metal-anchored nitrogen-doped graphene single-atom catalysts (SACs) represent an emerging class of catalysts that combine the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. To prevent demetallation and ensure catalyst stability, sufficiently strong bonds between the transition metal and the support are essential. We have quantum chemically analyzed the trend in bonding interaction between period 4 transition metals (TM = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and the four-nitrogen-doped graphene support. We find that the metal-support interactions strengthen from Ti to Ni but weaken from Ni to Zn. Activation strain and Kohn-Sham molecular orbital (KS-MO) analyses reveal that this trend stems from changes in the interaction between the metal's 3d<sub>xy</sub> atomic orbital and the nitrogen lone pair orbitals of the support. As we move along period 4, the bonding mechanism changes from an increasingly more stabilizing HOMO-LUMO interaction (TM = Ti-Ni), due to the higher effective nuclear charge of the metal, to a less favorable HOMO-SOMO (TM = Cu) and unfavorable HOMO-HOMO (TM = Zn) interaction, as a result of the filling of the metal's 3d<sub>xy</sub> atomic orbital. This results in the observed strengthening, followed by weakening, of the metal-support interaction. These insights could guide the rational design of future single-atom catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202501654"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Discotic Liquid Crystalline Phenazine Derivatives.","authors":"Alakananda Patra, Sandeep Kumar, Md Lutfor Rahman","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501279","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501279","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phenazines, otherwise known as dibenzo-annulated pyrazines, are a unique class of tricyclic organic molecules. They are chemically stable and highly aromatic due to their extended conjugation. Along with their biomedicinal significance, phenazines often play a major role in manipulating the optical as well as electrical properties of organic semiconductors. The planar structure in the heterocyclic aromatic phenazines and their natural inclination to form stacked columns due to the π-π interactions between two consecutive molecules have made them quite a suitable moiety for the formation as well as extension of the core part of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs). Their efficient charge-carrying ability makes them well-suited for organic electronic materials. Furthermore, their properties can be fine-tuned with simple chemical changes, rendering them appropriate for many advanced applications. This review focuses on the chemistry of phenazine-based DLCs and their significance in optoelectronic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202501279"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hari K Akula, Goutam Ghosh, Alexander Greer, Padmanava Pradhan, Mahesh K Lakshman
{"title":"Pd-Catalyzed Regiodivergent N6 Versus Cvinyl Arylation of 8-Vinyl Adenine Nucleosides, Sequential Diarylation, Fluorescence Properties, and Computational Evaluations.","authors":"Hari K Akula, Goutam Ghosh, Alexander Greer, Padmanava Pradhan, Mahesh K Lakshman","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Palladium-catalyzed aryl amination and Heck arylation reactions are complementary tranformations, generally requiring a suitable catalyst combination and a base. With substrates containing both an amino group and a vinyl moiety, control of C-N versus C-C reactivity can lead to regiodivergent functionalizations. With this focus, reactions of silyl-protected 8-vinyl adenosine and 2'-deoxyadenosine with aryl bromides and iodides have been studied. Pd(OAc)2, Pd2(dba)3, and preformed dichloro[1,1'-bis(di-t-butylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium (II) (Pd-118) were evaluated as metal sources. Ligands tested were Xantphos, DPEphos, BIPHEP, and DPPF, with Cs2CO3 and K3PO4 as bases. In toluene as solvent, the Pd(OAc)2/Xantphos/Cs2CO3 combination was uniquely capable of predominant N6 arylation. Aryl bromides and iodides gave comparable product yields. Replacement of Cs2CO3 with K3PO4 redirected arylation from nitrogen atom to the vinyl carbon atom, and all other catalyst, ligand, and base combinations gave Cvinyl arylation as well. Simply switching from Pd(OAc)2 to Pd2(dba)3 resulted in loss of the N6-selectivity and Cvinyl arylation was favored. Based upon these results, using two structurally similar catalytic systems sequential Cvinyl and N6 arylations of the nucleosides were accomplished. Some of the products were converted to other novel nucleoside analogues. Because some compounds were fluorescent, their photophysical properties were assessed experimentally and computationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202501477"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144558615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Expanding the Scope of BICAAC Organocatalyst: Hydroboration of Carbonyl and Alkyne Substrates.","authors":"Alisha Sharma, Surbhi Bansal, Archana Velloth, Sugumar Venkataramani, Sanjay Singh","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501880","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501880","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bicyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (BICAAC) (I) has been used as a highly effective catalyst for hydroboration of aldehydes, ketones, and alkynes. The catalyst is effective across a broad range of substrates bearing both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups, indicating its robust functional group tolerance. Mechanistic investigations, supported by both experimental studies and computational analyses, suggest the initial step involves the reaction of BICAAC (I) with pinacolborane (HBpin), leading to the formation of boron-carbene complex (active catalyst II). This active species facilitates substrate activation. A subsequent hydride transfer from an additional equivalent of HBpin to the activated substrate completes the reduction process. This stepwise mechanism underscores the dual role of HBpin as both a catalyst activator and a hydride donor. The interaction between BICAAC and HBpin is pivotal, as it modulates the electronic environment of the boron center to promote efficient hydride delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202501880"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sohom Kundu, Shubhadip Mallick, Jan Riebe, Jochen Niemeyer
{"title":"Cover Feature: Directional Macrocycle Transport, Release, and Recapture Enabled by a Rotaxane Transporter","authors":"Sohom Kundu, Shubhadip Mallick, Jan Riebe, Jochen Niemeyer","doi":"10.1002/chem.202583702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202583702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Kids ride on macrocycles</b> sliding down a water slide that represents the rotaxane thread. Gates marked “base” and “fluoride” open to release the macrocycles, shown by the kids sliding down. The “acid” and “CuAAC” gates allow the kids to climb back up the stairs and slide again, symbolizing how the macrocycles are recaptured. This playful scene highlights the controlled release and recapture of the macrocycle enabled by chemical stimuli. More information can be found in the Research Article by S. Kundu, J. Niemeyer and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.202501106).\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"31 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/chem.202583702","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144536893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical Fuel-Driven Networked Catalytic Machinery.","authors":"Amit Ghosh, Sohom Kundu, Michael Schmittel","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501714","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202501714","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We present a pivotal advancement in networked molecular machinery by integrating chemical-fuel-driven communication and catalysis. When the self-sorted system of a zinc hexacyclen, a silver(I)-loaded receptor, and a [2]rotaxane (= NetState-I) was exposed to 2-cyano-2-phenylpropanoic acid as chemical fuel, the protonation first entailed a translocation of Zn<sup>2+</sup> onto the receptor and, concomitantly, of silver(I) onto the [2]rotaxane, a cascade process that gradually reversed to the initial state. In the initial networked state, the silver(I) ions were tightly captured inside the receptor so that their catalytic activity was zero, while the transiently generated silver(I) [2]rotaxane (k<sub>298</sub> = 176 kHz) catalyzed the 6-endo cyclization of 2-alkynylbenzaldoxime. The pulsed operation of this networked catalytic machinery, driven by chemical fuel, presents a novel paradigm for cascaded signaling and time-programmed catalysis, mimicking the complexity of biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e202501714"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}