Steven Sittel, Dimitri Zorn, Alexandra König, Jonas Marcel Grenz, Christoph Förster, Robert Naumann, Katja Heinze
{"title":"Decoupling Redox Potentials and Excited State Energies in Substituted Chromium(III) Chromophores.","authors":"Steven Sittel, Dimitri Zorn, Alexandra König, Jonas Marcel Grenz, Christoph Förster, Robert Naumann, Katja Heinze","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502668","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Redox and excited state properties of classical organic and precious metal charge-transfer (CT) photocatalysts can be tuned by substituent effects-however, not independently, as redox and chromophore units are strongly entangled. In contrast, substituent effects should selectively address electrochemical properties of photoactive complexes based on metal-centered spin-flip (SF) excited states lacking CT character without compromising excited state properties. Yet, detailed structure-activity relationships for SF chromophores are lacking. We demonstrate that the redox potentials of polypyridine chromium(III) complexes, that feature purely metal-centered SF states, can be selectively tuned by incremental substituent effects, while the excited state energies and lifetimes remain unaffected. This delivers a unique series of chromophores with identical optical properties, but redox potentials tuned by increments. We believe, that such precisely designed chromophore series provide a unique tool for the systematic investigation of photoredox reactions and recombination processes relevant to photoredox catalytic cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federico Belnome, Péter P Fehér, András Stirling, Csongor G Németh, Tamás Hergert, György M Keserű, Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
{"title":"Versatile Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Arylation of Fluoroarenes with 2-Chloropyridine Derivatives.","authors":"Federico Belnome, Péter P Fehér, András Stirling, Csongor G Németh, Tamás Hergert, György M Keserű, Péter Ábrányi-Balogh","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct C─H arylation of fluoroarenes with 2-halopyridines remains underexplored, due to the low reactivity of both partners and the reliance on harsh conditions or toxic solvents. Herein, we report a general and sustainable method for the C─H arylation of fluoroarenes with 2-chloropyridines using Pd/SPhos as a simple catalytic system in isopropyl acetate. The protocol employs inexpensive starting materials, shows broad functional group tolerance, and delivers a wide range of 2-(fluorinated aryl)pyridines in up to 90% yield. Substrate scope studies uncovered key substituent effects on both coupling partners, while Density Functional Theory (DFT)-supported mechanistic analysis rationalized the observed reactivity and chemoselectivity. This research advances sustainable and practical methodologies for the synthesis of complex fluorinated aromatic compounds with potential applications in materials science, agrochemistry, and medicinal chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donghoon Song, Seung Wook Shin, Hui-Ping Wu, Eric Wei-Guang Diau
{"title":"Hole-Selective Self-Assembled Monolayers Overlaid on NiO<sub>x</sub> or PEDOT:PSS for Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells - An Overview of Recent Characterization Methods.","authors":"Donghoon Song, Seung Wook Shin, Hui-Ping Wu, Eric Wei-Guang Diau","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with high hole-selectivity have seen growing use in the research realm of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Even though SAMs can be used solely, their hole-selective performance is amplifiable on a p-type underlayer such as nickel oxide (NiO<sub>x</sub>) or poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). This is especially prominent in lead-free tin-based PSCs. Herein, we review recent relevant publications on hole-selective SAMs overlaid on NiO<sub>x</sub> or PEDOT:PSS for tin PSCs. We first examine the characteristic features of the SAMs introduced in each publication. Since SAMs can affect the surface properties, interfacial properties, and perovskite quality, we focus on how these aspects are characterized and which methods are employed. In particular, the employed methods are various spanning computational simulations, microscopy imaging and electrochemical, spectroscopic, and crystallographic measurements. Through this review, we aim to encourage researchers to explore these aspects and methodologies in future research on hole-selective SAMs for tin PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02461"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"(2-Phosphinophenyl)aluminum Dichloride Complexes as Intramolecular Al/P Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Ketone, Ester, and Imine Activation.","authors":"Yoshihiro Nishimoto, Hirotaka Okamoto, Makoto Yasuda","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(2-Phosphinophenyl)aluminum dichloride complexes were synthesized and their frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) reactivity was investigated. Selective mono-substitution of AlCl<sub>3</sub> with lithioarenes was achieved by introducing sterically demanding substituents-tert-butyl, ethyl, or PCy<sub>2</sub>-at the 6-position of the phenylene linker, effectively suppressing over-substitution and enabling successful isolation of the target complexes. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopic analyses confirmed the formation of a four-membered P-Al-C-C core structure. These complexes function as Al/P-based FLPs capable of activating simple carbonyl and imine compounds, including aliphatic ketones, prop-2-ynoate esters, and N-arylimines. The mechanism of carbonyl activation by these Al/P FLPs was elucidated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhanced Solid-State Luminescence of Supramolecular Tessellation Assemblies Through Förster Resonance Energy Transfer From Counterions.","authors":"Baoqi Wu, Rongzhi Tang, Zhi-Wei Li, Feng Lin, Yuzhe Pi, Xinxin Li, Jinlin Chen, Hongwei Liu, Yu Tan, Gangfeng Ouyang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of straightforward strategies for constructing supramolecular tessellations with enhanced solid-state luminescence has attracted growing interest in supramolecular chemistry and luminescent materials. Herein, we report the formation of diverse supramolecular tiling patterns by combining electron-deficient bipyridinium-based cationic macrocycles with either naphthalene-1-sulfonate or naphthalene-2-sulfonate counterions directly. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals distinct tessellated superstructures assembled from 3,3'-bipyridinium macrocycles, stabilized by a network of electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π···π stacking, and CH···π interactions. These assemblies exhibit red-shifted and enhanced solid-state fluorescence, attributed to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the macrocycles and their aromatic counterions. Crystallographic and computational studies provide molecular-level insights into the noncovalent forces governing both the assembly process and luminescence enhancement. This work establishes a facile design strategy for constructing luminescent supramolecular tessellations and offers a deeper understanding of their structure-property relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrogen Bond Reformation in Tetracarboxylic Acid-Based Organic Frameworks with Square Lattice Topology.","authors":"Haruka Tsuji, Ichiro Hisaki","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The weak and reversible nature of hydrogen bonds endows porous materials with structural flexibility. In this article, we highlight structural transformations involving the cleavage and reformation of hydrogen bonds-termed H-bond reformation. To enable control over H-bond reformation through molecular design, we examine and discuss key structural features. Particular attention is given to tetracarboxylic acids bearing 4,4'-dicarboxy-o-terphenyl moieties as scaffolds for inducing H-bond reformation. These insights are expected to guide the rational design of dynamic porous materials with tunable properties and stimuli-responsive behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145147090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stereoselective Syntheses of Cyclic Microsclerodermin Derivatives.","authors":"Kevin Bauer, Uli Kazmaier","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Starting from l-xylose and d-arabinose, six different cyclic microscleroderma derivatives were successfully obtained. Key steps of the syntheses are, on the one hand, Sakurai allylations, whose stereochemical course depends on the Lewis acid used, and on the other hand, photochemical Wolff rearrangements in the presence of complex aminofuranosides. Finally, aromatic side chains were introduced via cross metathesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02459"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The N-Bromo-Hammick Intermediate.","authors":"Virinder Bhagat, J Philipp Wagner","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report the characterization of bromopyridin-2-ylidene, the N-bromo-Hammick intermediate, isolated in solid neon at 4.4 K. Computations (B2PLYP, NEVPT2), IR, and UV/vis spectroscopy characterize this intermediate as a singlet carbene with a vacant σ*-type frontier orbital. This unusual electronic structure (σ<sup>2</sup>σ*<sup>0</sup>) allows the carbene to isomerize to its more stable pyridine tautomer via a planar transition state, avoiding the deviation from planarity seen in other singlet carbenes. The compound's reaction with molecular hydrogen faces a minor but prohibitive barrier (8.4 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup>) at the low temperatures of the experiment.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02434"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lea Freitag, Johannes Zeh, Levi A Ziegenhagen, Felix J Becker, Dragoș-Adrian Roșca
{"title":"Synthesis of Cyclobutane-Containing Tricyclic β-Lactams Based on a Saturated Scaffold Enabled by Iron-catalysed [2 + 2]-Cycloaddition.","authors":"Lea Freitag, Johannes Zeh, Levi A Ziegenhagen, Felix J Becker, Dragoș-Adrian Roșca","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly saturated, three-dimensional β-lactams are valuable motifs in medicinal chemistry, yet general routes to cyclobutane-fused analogues remain scarce. Here we disclose a concise strategy that delivers pyrrolidine-, piperidine-, and azepane-based tricyclic β-lactams. A pyrimidinediimine-iron catalyst first constructs the cyclobutane ring and the N-heterocycle in one step through an intermolecular [2 + 2]-cycloaddition of allyl amines; a subsequent photochemical intramolecular C─H insertion then forges the β-lactam. The major products adopt rigid, cage-like conformations confirmed for the pyrrolidine series by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Comprehensive conformer sampling (using CREST), DFT-calculated NMR shifts, and DP4 statistical analysis establish the stereochemistry across the library. Strain-release opening of the β-lactam ring furnishes methylphenidate analogues in a single step, underscoring the scaffolds' synthetic versatility. Comparative studies on the corresponding bicyclic systems highlight the unique three-dimensionality imparted by the additional cyclobutane ring, further expanding the toolbox for lead-oriented synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145172079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"κ<sup>2</sup>-N,N'-Sulfurdiimide and κ<sup>1</sup>-O-Sulfinylamine Complexes of Tin(IV) Chloride.","authors":"Nathan D D Hill, René T Boeré","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A series of Sn(IV) chloride complexes with sulfur diimide (SDI, R-NSN-R) ligands are presented, including structural characterization of first-in-class complexes of bidentate diaryl-SDIs, [SnCl<sub>4</sub>{κ<sup>2</sup>-N,N'-S(NAr)<sub>2</sub>}] (Ar = 4-X-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-), and an oxygen-coordinated sulfinylamine, [SnCl<sub>4</sub>{κ<sup>1</sup>-O-OSNPh}<sub>2</sub>]. As part of the comprehensive experimental and DFT computational investigation, <sup>119</sup>Sn NMR analysis revealed a dynamic exchange equilibrium in acetonitrile between SDI ligands and solvent, providing insight into their complicated solution-state chemical and electrochemical behavior. Voltammetric experiments show that, despite this dynamic equilibrium, the SDI ligands appear to suppress typical Sn(IV) reduction pathways. While tentative due to the complex behavior, this suggests that SDIs are functioning as redox-active (RA) ligands. In conjunction with our previous systematic characterization of diaryl-SDIs, these findings highlight their potential as an easily derivatized and highly redox-tunable category of RA ligand and emphatically warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}