{"title":"Recent Advances on the Electrosynthesis of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Through Two-Electron Water Oxidation.","authors":"Kairui Wang, Marshet Getaye Sendeku, Muzammil Hussain, Xueying Gao, Yuxin Huang, Boyu Ding, Liyun Huang, Kesheng Qu, Ying Yang, Xiaoming Sun, Fengmei Wang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) is an eco-friendly oxidant with broad industrial applications, including wastewater treatment and paper bleaching. Despite the energy-intensive anthraquinone process is the dominant method for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production, there is a growing interest in direct electrochemical synthesis as a greener production method. Electrochemical synthesis, leveraging renewable energy and abundant resources, offers a promising alternative for on-site H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production. This review focuses on advancements in the two-electron water oxidation reaction (2e<sup>-</sup> WOR) for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> synthesis, covering the reaction mechanisms, catalyst development, and reactor designs. In particular, this review emphasizes the importance of understanding reaction mechanisms on guiding the electrocatalyst design. At the same time, this review highlights challenges in indirect H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> through tuning the electrolyte ions, like the carbonate or bicarbonate electrolytes, and the need for a comprehensive understanding of the electrolyte ion mediation pathways to guide the development of accurate theoretical models for predicting catalyst performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e01031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Batch Synthesis of Primaquine Diphosphate Anti-Malarial Drug.","authors":"Faith M Akwi, Simthandile Swartbooi, Paul Watts","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An improved three-step synthesis route toward Primaquine Diphosphate is reported herein. The anti-malarial drug was obtained via n-alkylation of readily available potassium phthalimide, followed by reductive amination and room temperature methylaminolysis-assisted phthalimido deprotection of the key intermediates to furnish Primaquine Diphosphate in 47% overall isolated yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02183"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pomegranate-Like Nano-Confined Silicon Inside Conductive Carbon Black as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries.","authors":"Yu Zhang, Pengliang Gu, Shiyue Zhang, Yanan Xu, Xinyi Fu, Wenkai Wang, Qing Hu, Hao Li, Zhan Shi, Hongbin Du","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Si materials possess a high theoretical specific capacity when used as anode material in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Si/C composites mitigate volume expansion and enhance conductivity, thus achieving improved electrochemical performance in LIBs. Herein, we report a new strategy for preparing pomegranate-like Si/C nanocomposites based on low-cost, readily available conductive carbon black (XC) by using a combination of wet chemical reduction and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. The preparation first involves a facile wet chemical approach to controlled hydrolysis of SiCl<sub>4</sub> within XC. Subsequently, the obtained SiO<sub>2</sub>/XC precursor is reduced to highly crystalline Si particles within XC (Si/XC) using a novel ionic liquid-magnesium reduction system, avoiding unwanted byproducts associated with conventional high-temperature magnesium reduction. Finally, a pomegranate-like Si/XC composite is coated with an outer carbon layer via CVD, forming a nano-confined Si/C structure. The composites exhibit excellent reversible capacity and good cycle stability in LIBs. At 1 A g<sup>-1</sup> after 400 cycles, the Si/XC@C-0.5 composite delivered the highest specific capacity of 835 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>, exhibiting a capacity retention rate of 121% compared to the first cycle after activation (688 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>). This work provides reproducible and scalable means to prepare high-performance Si/C composites for LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02213"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assembly-Sized-Controlled Chirality: Increase from Single Molecule to Micrometer Scale Enhances Chiroptical Activity.","authors":"Zhen Liu, Jia-Hui Wang, Hong-Xiao Li, Xiang-Kui Ren, Zhen-Qiang Yu, Yue Wu, Wei-Hong Zhu","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Achieving a high dissymmetry factor is a major challenge in the field of chiroptical activity. Notably, there is no systematic theory, from the perspective of assembly size, for achieving highly dissymmetric chiroptical materials. Here, we envision a highly emissive fluorophore DCS-Chol in multiple states, by covalently linking fluorescent dicyanodistyrylbenzene (DCS) with chiral cholesterol (Chol). DCS-Chol has a superb fluorescence quantum yield (36-74%) as a solution, powder, aggregate, gel, thin film, and liquid crystal (LC) encapsulation due to the locally excited transition. Interestingly, the successive increase in size of DCS-Chol aggregates/assemblies from single molecule to LC encapsulated state (105 nm) was accompanied by amplification of circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence, indicating a positive correlation between aggregate/assembly size and chiroptical activity. In this work, a mechanism has been roundly proposed for the occurrence and amplification of chiroptical activity from the perspective of assembly size.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e01694"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145129649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuo Wan, Fan Yang, Chen Xia, Shanghai Wei, Shahzad Rasool, Sarfraz Rana, Bin Zhu
{"title":"Proton-Conducting Amorphous Alumina Electrolytes for Low-Temperature Ceramic Fuel Cells.","authors":"Shuo Wan, Fan Yang, Chen Xia, Shanghai Wei, Shahzad Rasool, Sarfraz Rana, Bin Zhu","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of high-performance electrolytes enabling rapid ionic transport represents a critical pathway for operational temperature reduction in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This study introduces amorphous alumina (AlO<sub>x</sub>) as a novel electrolyte material, systematically investigating its structural characteristics and charge transport mechanisms through comparative analysis with crystalline alumina (α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and conventional gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC). It is found that AlO<sub>x</sub> possesses a notable enrichment of oxygen vacancy concentration. Its unique disordered atomic configuration plays a vital role in facilitating multiple pathways to enable fast ionic transport, resulting in high ionic conductivity of 0.08-0.12 S/cm at 480-540 °C, as evidenced by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), which is one order of magnitude superior to its crystalline counterpart. When implemented in symmetrical SOFC configurations, the AlO<sub>x</sub> electrolyte demonstrates unprecedented power density of 677 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> at 540 °C. Further distribution of relaxation times (DRT) analysis confirms the predominance of protonic conduction pathways in AlO<sub>x</sub> while providing discernment of its electrochemical sub-processes. This work thus provides a new advanced electrolyte for low-temperature SOFCs while providing insights into amorphous ceramic.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Metal-Free PMS Activation by Heterocycle Porous Aromatic Frameworks for Contaminant Degradation.","authors":"Yunxuan Li, Zhi Gao, Yongyue Ding, Tingting Ma, Yuyang Tian","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heteroatoms in heterocycles significantly modify the redox properties of the catalysts, thus exhibiting high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and applicability in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) without metals. Therefore, a porous aromatic framework (PAF-146) rich in N and S atoms was synthesized from heterocycle building units and exhibited excellent stability. Benefiting from the stability and catalytic activity of PAF-146, it demonstrated a catalytic performance of degrading 99.7% of Rhodamine B (RhB) within 20 minutes, with a reaction rate constant 95 times higher than that of pristine PAF without N and S atoms. Moreover, PAF-146 exhibited good resistance to interference from anions, different aquatic environments, and humic acid (HA). The strongly electronegative N and S atoms in PAF-146 initiated the redistribution of charge density, resulting in positively charged adjacent C atoms. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) underwent a nucleophilic addition reaction on these C atoms, triggering electron transfer and ultimately leading to the formation of <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> <sup>•-</sup>. It was revealed that PAF-146 achieved efficient degradation of RhB through a combination of radical and nonradical pathways. Our work provides guidance for the development of efficient metal-free catalysts with abundant catalytic sites for PMS-activation in environmental remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amina L Moshtaha, Erika M Peter, Robin Sievers, Tim-Niclas Streit, Moritz Malischewski
{"title":"Synthesis of the Soft Lewis Superacid Tris(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borane B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>3</sub> via C‒Ag to C‒B Transmetalation.","authors":"Amina L Moshtaha, Erika M Peter, Robin Sievers, Tim-Niclas Streit, Moritz Malischewski","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Lewis acid tris(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borane B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>3</sub> was synthesized via transmetalation from BBr<sub>3</sub> and AgC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br. The latter was prepared from 1,4-C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>BrSiMe<sub>3</sub> with AgF and crystallized as a toluene solvate [2(AgC<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>4</sub>•7.46(toluene)]. The solid-state structure of free B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>3</sub> and its Lewis base adducts with EtCN, H<sub>2</sub>O, and POEt<sub>3</sub> was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations show that B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>3</sub> has approximately 1% higher fluoride and hydride ion affinities (FIA and HIA) than tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>. Similarly, the Gutmann-Beckett method indicates an increase in Lewis acidity of 2%, whereas IR spectroscopy of the CD<sub>3</sub>CN adducts reveals a slightly lower ṽ(CN) vibration for B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>3</sub>. The presence of bromine atoms is expected to facilitate structural analysis of Lewis acid-base adducts of B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>4</sub>Br)<sub>3</sub> by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145111516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Catalyst Design and Mechanistic Insights for Non-Thermal Plasma Ammonia Synthesis.","authors":"Jiayang Li, Siyu Li, Lu Li","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrogen storage technology based on ammonia carriers is a key part of the transition from fossil fuels to low-carbon energy sources. However, the high energy consumption and high carbon path dependency of the traditional ammonia industry are the core challenges constraining the development of current technologies. In this review, we focus on the core advantages of low-temperature plasma chemistry in ammonia synthesis, including mild conditions, environmental friendliness, flexibility, and controllability. We then propose a powerful approach for transitioning traditional ammonia synthesis technology in a sustainable direction. Firstly, we systematically sort out the time evolution of the plasma ammonia synthesis reactor and elucidate the mode of action of plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis. In particular, we provide an in-depth analysis of design optimization strategies for plasma catalysts to explore key catalytic mechanisms in ammonia synthesis systems. Finally, we evaluate the performance index of the existing plasma ammonia synthesis system and suggest feasible directions for future research to further improve the energy efficiency of the technology, promoting the development of the ammonia production process in a more sustainable and advanced direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02088"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Davide Rubes, Sara Tengattini, Massimo Serra, Teodora Bavaro, Caterina Temporini, He Wang, Yongmin Zhang, Francesca Rinaldi, Marco Terreni, Enrica Calleri
{"title":"GCI-Based Affinity Screening of Synthetic Oligomannosides toward Concanavalin A.","authors":"Davide Rubes, Sara Tengattini, Massimo Serra, Teodora Bavaro, Caterina Temporini, He Wang, Yongmin Zhang, Francesca Rinaldi, Marco Terreni, Enrica Calleri","doi":"10.1002/chem.202502137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202502137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we report the first application of grating-coupled interferometry (GCI) to quantify the binding affinity of synthetically defined mannose-based neo-glycoproteins to Concanavalin A (ConA), a model lectin for carbohydrate recognition. Mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides were conjugated to carrier proteins to create multivalent ligands in a structurally defined yet heterogeneous format. Unlike free sugars, which can interact with lectins in multiple orientations, conjugation constrains sugar presentation and provides a more realistic proxy of how glycans are encountered in glycoconjugates. This approach enabled a systematic comparison of sugar epitopes, confirming that Man(α1,2)Man motif shows stronger binding than Man(α1,6), and that the trisaccharide displays the highest affinity. Notably, the multivalent display of these relatively simple sugar motifs resulted in affinities comparable to or higher than those of natural glycoproteins, highlighting the contribution of valency and presentation rather than glycan complexity. Dissociation constants measured by GCI are consistent with literature values obtained by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and other methods, confirming the reliability of this platform. This work establishes GCI as a reliable tool for affinity profiling of glycoconjugates and highlights the value of a simple and reproducible screening strategy for evaluating structure-affinity relationships of glycans in a presentation format closer to their intended applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e02137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jindra Valentová, Adrian Humboldt, Lucia Lintnerová, Emil Švajdlenka, Barbora Svitková, Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Alexandru Sonica, Thomas Schupp, Milan Gembicky, Momoka Nakashita, Kya R Lester, Peter Baran
{"title":"Copper(II) Complexes with Schiff Bases Derived from 2-Pyridinecarbaldehyde N-Oxide and Amino Acids: Studies on DNA, BSA Binding, Nuclease Activity, and Cytotoxicity.","authors":"Jindra Valentová, Adrian Humboldt, Lucia Lintnerová, Emil Švajdlenka, Barbora Svitková, Radu Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Alexandru Sonica, Thomas Schupp, Milan Gembicky, Momoka Nakashita, Kya R Lester, Peter Baran","doi":"10.1002/chem.202501578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202501578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthesis of the first example of metal complexes containing Schiff-base ligands derived from amino acids and aldehyde with N-oxide functionality is presented. Five copper(II) complexes with the compositions [Cu(L<sup>1</sup>)(H<sub>2</sub>O)(OAc)]⋅H<sub>2</sub>O (1), [Cu<sub>3</sub>(L<sup>2</sup>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>] (2), [Cu<sub>4</sub>(L<sup>2</sup>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>(MeOH)<sub>2</sub>] (3), [Cu<sub>2</sub>(L<sup>3</sup>)Cl<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)] (4), and [Cu<sub>3</sub>(L<sup>3</sup>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>3</sub>]Cl (5) (where anionic ligands L<sup>1</sup> - L<sup>3</sup> are Schiff bases obtained by condensation of 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde N-oxide with 2-aminoisobutyric acid (HL<sup>1</sup>), β-alanine (HL<sup>2</sup>), and 3-aminobutanoic acid (HL<sup>3</sup>)) were prepared by template synthesis and fully crystallographically characterized. Complexes 1 - 4 were examined for DNA interactions, competitive studies with EB-DNA, viscosity measurements, DNA cleavage studies, cytotoxicity studies, interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA), and theoretical docking studies. The studied complexes bind to the helix through a nonintercalative binding mode; the interaction of complexes with ctDNA is predominantly via intercalation, while viscosity measurements indicate mostly groove binding. DNA cleavage studies revealed the highest cleavage activity for complex 1. The MTT assay on three human cell lines shows the highest cytotoxic effect for complex 1 against HepG2 (human liver cancer cell line). Experimental interaction of studied complexes with BSA indicates an intermediate binding strength between complexes and albumin, while theoretical docking studies identify possible binding sites of complexes within the BSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e01578"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145090739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}