Katarzyna Kulik, Ewelina Wielgus, Michelangelo Cocchioni, Hilda Kovács, Éva A. Enyedy, Anna Maciaszek, Barbara Nawrot
{"title":"Cover Feature: Mechanistic Insights Into the Oxidative Reactivity of 2-Selenouridine in tRNA","authors":"Katarzyna Kulik, Ewelina Wielgus, Michelangelo Cocchioni, Hilda Kovács, Éva A. Enyedy, Anna Maciaszek, Barbara Nawrot","doi":"10.1002/chem.71606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.71606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>A distinct oxidative behavior</b> of selenium in proteins and RNA is observed in the presence of glutathione. In proteins, oxidized selenocysteine residues are reversibly reduced by GSH, whereas oxidation of 2-selenouridine in RNA proceeds via transient acidic selenium species acting as leaving groups, to yield irreversible products. These products result from nucleophilic substitution at C2 (e.g., by GSH) and selenium elimination. These findings indicate distinct roles for selenium in proteins vs tRNA and suggest that oxidative activation of tRNA modifications might regulate translation and stress responses. More details are provided in the Research Article by K. Kulik, B. Nawrot, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/chem.71130).\u0000\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"32 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/chem.71606","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148860068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yeheng Zhang, Tianwen Zheng, Hong Dai, Yinhua Jiang, Yuqiao Wang
{"title":"Lattice Oxygen–Mediated Water Oxidation on Reconstructed Ni3S2/NiFeOOH Heterointerfaces","authors":"Yeheng Zhang, Tianwen Zheng, Hong Dai, Yinhua Jiang, Yuqiao Wang","doi":"10.1002/chem.202503063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.202503063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Developing cost-effective oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts for industrial current densities remains challenging, hindered by adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) scaling limitations and reconstruction instability. Here, we report a heterointerface-engineered Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NiFeOOH catalyst formed via in-situ electrochemical reconstruction of Ni<sub>3</sub>S<sub>2</sub>/NiFe-LDH. Interfacial charge redistribution stabilizes high-valent Ni<sup>3+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> species and generates coordinatively unsaturated lattice oxygen sites, thereby activating the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM). Combined operando spectroscopy, pH-dependent kinetics, and isotope labeling confirm LOM dominance. Further theoretical analyses reveal that the heterointerface downshifts the metal <i>d</i>-band center and upshifts the O <i>2p</i>-band center, optimized intermediate adsorption free energy. Benefiting from the compatible multi-mechanism, the reconstructed catalyst demonstrates outstanding OER performance, only requires overpotentials of 196/305 mV to drive current densities of 10/1000 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> in alkaline media, with robust stability for over 500 h. This work clarifies how interfacial electronic modulation connects pre-catalyst reconstruction to LOM activation, providing a scalable design strategy for high-current-density OER electrocatalysts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"32 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145627305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arun Pal, Alisher Kuanysh, Vinaya Siby, Jana Hölscher, Nikolai Kuhnert, Albert Masip-Sánchez, Xavier López, Josep M. Poblet, Maria Boltoeva, Pierre Bauduin, Mohamed Haouas, Emmanuel Cadot, Ulrich Kortz
{"title":"Cation-Directed Host–Guest Assembly and Reversible Wheel to Cluster Interconversion in a 20-Molybdate System","authors":"Arun Pal, Alisher Kuanysh, Vinaya Siby, Jana Hölscher, Nikolai Kuhnert, Albert Masip-Sánchez, Xavier López, Josep M. Poblet, Maria Boltoeva, Pierre Bauduin, Mohamed Haouas, Emmanuel Cadot, Ulrich Kortz","doi":"10.1002/chem.71141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.71141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report on the synthesis and structural characterization of the polyoxo-20-molybdate wheel, [Mo<sup>VI</sup><sub>20</sub>O<sub>60</sub>{AsO<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}<sub>12</sub>]<sup>12−</sup> (<b>Mo<sub>20</sub></b>), which can be isolated with an empty cavity (diameter ca. 2 nm) or containing two dimethylarsinate guests, depending on the type of cations used during synthesis. The polyanion <b>Mo<sub>20</sub></b> was characterized by single-crystal XRD, FT-IR, and TGA, and in solution by multinuclear NMR (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C, <sup>95</sup>Mo) and <sup>1</sup>H DOSY, as well as x-ray scattering (SWAXS) and mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). We demonstrated a fast, quantitative, and fully reversible transformation of <b>Mo<sub>20</sub></b> to [Mo<sup>VI</sup><sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>(OH){AsO<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}]<sup>2−</sup> (<b>Mo<sub>4</sub></b>) in aqueous solution, whereas <b>Mo<sub>20</sub></b> is cleanly and quantitatively recrystallized from such solution, indicating a unique phenomenon, which is fully supported by all experimental techniques used as well as DFT and MD calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"32 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/chem.71141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Azulene-Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Synthesis, Structural, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties of Azuleno[1,2,3-cd]Benzo[mn]Pyrene-8,14-diones and Cyclohepta[1,2]Indeno[6,5,4-de]Anthracen-9-ones","authors":"Ryunosuke Ishikawa, Miku Yoshida, Shigeki Mori, Tetsuo Okujima, Ryuta Sekiguchi, Shunji Ito, Taku Shoji","doi":"10.1002/chem.71174","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.71174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We report a modular synthesis of anthracene-based azulene-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from 2-chloroazulenes via Suzuki–Miyaura coupling with 9-anthracenyl organoboron reagents, followed by Brønsted acid-promoted intramolecular annulation. The cyclization pathway was significantly influenced by the reaction medium: Eaton's reagent afforded doubly annulated products, whereas methanesulfonic acid preferentially gave mono-cyclized products through the annulation accompanied by decarboxylation. In one notable case, additional Scholl-type cyclization resulted in the formation of a more extensively fused naphtho[2,1-<i>a</i>]aceanthrylene analogue. Spectroscopic, crystallographic, and TD-DFT studies revealed that the appended 10-aryl substituents adopt orientations that are almost perpendicular to the fused core. This means that they have little influence on the neutral-state frontier electronic structure. Accordingly, most derivatives showed similar visible absorption profiles, whereas naphtho[2,1-<i>a</i>]aceanthrylene analogue exhibited substantially red-shifted absorption because of its expanded fused π-system. Under acidic conditions, both series displayed pronounced halochromic and fluorochromic behavior, including long-wavelength to near-infrared emission, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectral analysis indicated preferential protonation at the carbonyl oxygen rather than the azulene ring. Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies further demonstrated reductive electrochromism, with the naphtho[2,1-<i>a</i>]aceanthrylene analogue showing particularly high redox reversibility and spectral recovery. These findings identify medium-controlled annulation as a versatile platform for curved, acid-responsive, redox-active nonbenzenoid PAH systems.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"32 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148012467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tarun Kumar Dinda, Sathi Sahoo, Manoranjan Ojha, Prasenjit Mal
{"title":"Persistent Halogenated Perylenediimide Organic Radical Anions Orchestrating Three-Photon Energy Conversion and Programmable Molecular Coupling.","authors":"Tarun Kumar Dinda, Sathi Sahoo, Manoranjan Ojha, Prasenjit Mal","doi":"10.1002/chem.71131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.71131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Persistent radical ions capable of sequential photon harvesting have remained rare due to their inherent instability. Here we report a halogen-engineered perylenediimide radical anion (PDI-Br<sub>8</sub> <sup>•‒</sup>) that exhibits exceptional air stability (>18 months) while maintaining broad and intense absorption across the visible spectrum (200-800 nm). This electronically delocalized radical displays reversible two-electron redox cycling and an extended excited-state lifetime (∼2 ns), enabling a self-sustained, three-photon, double Z-scheme photocatalytic process. At ultralow (∼ 100 ppm) loading, PDI-Br<sub>8</sub> <sup>•‒</sup> efficiently catalyzed the one-pot, stereoselective coupling of terminal alkynes, acrylonitrile, and bromotrihalomethanes (CBrX<sub>3</sub>; X = Br, Cl, F) to afford (E)-enenitriles under ambient conditions. Bromine substitution might have stabilized the unpaired spin and mitigated charge recombination, transforming an otherwise transient radical into a photochemically robust catalyst. This work establishes a molecular blueprint for multi-photon radical photochemistry, unifying energy storage, charge transport, and synthetic reactivity within a single organic framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e71131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13532114/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147961590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Jin, Xinying Qu, Wanting Gao, Lujia Yang, Yaqing Ma, Dongyu Tang, Han Zhang, Xin Hua, Chengsen Cui, Shu-Shan Gao
{"title":"Substrate-Guided Engineering of Imine Reductases: A Strategy for Synthesizing Tertiary Amine N-Heterocycles.","authors":"Yang Jin, Xinying Qu, Wanting Gao, Lujia Yang, Yaqing Ma, Dongyu Tang, Han Zhang, Xin Hua, Chengsen Cui, Shu-Shan Gao","doi":"10.1002/chem.71151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.71151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The enzymatic synthesis of N‑heterocyclic tertiary amines remains underdeveloped, largely due to the time and resource demands of traditional enzyme engineering methods. Guided by key substrate features including substrate size and the positive charge of the imine intermediate, we employed a straightforward and accessible computational design to engineer the imine reductase variant M5. We successfully constructed the combinatorial mutant M5-W234I-M203A-I149G, which exhibits significantly enhanced catalytic activity toward N‑heterocyclic secondary amines, with improved substrate binding and kinetics. The variant maintained high activity across a range of secondary amines (30 mM), whether generated via a two‑step synthesis or direct use. Our results indicate that interactions between residues are a critical consideration in the construction of highly active combinatorial mutants. This work provides an accessible design strategy and establishes a rational design framework for imine reductases engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e71151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13532129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147968905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Asmita Shah, Timothy G Lerch, Gourab Acharjee, Grace A R Rohaley, Shamima Akhter, Nicholas M Kamuti, Ashwathanarayana Gowda, Ryan A Williams, Elda Hegmann, Marianne E Prévôt, Torsten Hegmann
{"title":"Near-White Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Color Mixing Utilizing Surface-Fluorophore-Modified Cellulose Nanocrystals in Composite Films.","authors":"Asmita Shah, Timothy G Lerch, Gourab Acharjee, Grace A R Rohaley, Shamima Akhter, Nicholas M Kamuti, Ashwathanarayana Gowda, Ryan A Williams, Elda Hegmann, Marianne E Prévôt, Torsten Hegmann","doi":"10.1002/chem.71627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.71627","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herein, we present the fabrication of freestanding cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) films exhibiting blue, green, red, and, in combination, near-white right-handed CPL (RCPL) through covalent grafting of achiral fluorophores to CNCs via Steglich esterification. The weakly-twisted CNCs, hierarchically organized through evaporation-induced self-assembly, act as chiral scaffolds enforcing the supramolecular chirality. The ensuing composite CNC films display dye-specific photoluminescence with maximum negative luminescence dissymmetry ( <math><msub><mi>g</mi> <mrow><mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </msub> </math> ) values of -0.15, -0.16, and -0.11 for blue, green, and red emissive films, respectively, indicative of preferential right-handed emission. Morphological evaluation via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals well-defined Bouligand arches, and studies by polarized optical microscopy (POM) fingerprint textures, each confirming the preservation of chiral nematic ordering across all emissive films. Notably, by integration of all three fluorescent dyes within the CNC matrix, near-white CPL was achieved by color mixing, as corroborated by CIE 1931 chromaticity analysis with <math> <mrow><mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow> <msub><mi>g</mi> <mrow><mi>l</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </msub> <mrow><mo>|</mo></mrow> </mrow> </math> values ranging from 0.05 to 0.10 over the visible spectral region, with <math><mo>∼</mo></math> 90% permanence of the fluorescence over a 12-h irradiation period. This approach establishes the basic framework for generating mechanically and thermally robust CPL-active, principally bio-renewable chiral CNC materials and optical elements for advanced displays, optoelectronic devices, and chiroptical sensing platforms.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e71627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ho-Fai Chau, Wing-Sze Tam, Gengguo Deng, Yik Hoi Yeung, Christine Yim Ping Wong, Ka Lo Cheng, Zhengxiao Liu, Lijia Yao, Yi Wang, Angelo H All, Chi-Fai Ng, Jinming Di, Ka-Leung Wong
{"title":"Localized Prostate Cancer Therapy: Tumor Microenvironment-Activated Spermine Hydrogel With Real-Time Autonomous Fluorescence Sensing.","authors":"Ho-Fai Chau, Wing-Sze Tam, Gengguo Deng, Yik Hoi Yeung, Christine Yim Ping Wong, Ka Lo Cheng, Zhengxiao Liu, Lijia Yao, Yi Wang, Angelo H All, Chi-Fai Ng, Jinming Di, Ka-Leung Wong","doi":"10.1002/chem.71640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.71640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a significant clinical challenge, particularly in localized therapy, where unmet medical needs persist for effective and targeted treatments. This study introduces an innovative solution by developing the first responsive spermine (Spm) hydrogel with an autonomous sensing function, designed to advance local therapy for PCa. Our hydrogel effectively loads Spm and releases Spm in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME), providing a responsive therapeutic platform. Incorporating the di-lysine-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-KK) dye, which is initially quenched by aggregate formation within the hydrogel, the release of Spm can be monitored in real time. With its autonomous sensing capability within the tumor, re-administration of the hydrogel can be determined based on real-time monitoring of Spm release. Notably, in vivo results indicate a safe and effective dosage of 0.53 mg of Spm in the hydrogel for prostate tumor inhibition. This novel approach holds promise for enhancing local therapy in PCa and improving the quality of life for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":" ","pages":"e71640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148872319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shohei Tada, Yamato Nakashima, Shion Hatazawa, Tetsuo Honma, Ryuji Kikuchi
{"title":"Study on Fe/BZY Cathode Catalysts for Intermediate-Temperature Electrochemical Ammonia Synthesis Using Solid Phosphate Electrolytes","authors":"Shohei Tada, Yamato Nakashima, Shion Hatazawa, Tetsuo Honma, Ryuji Kikuchi","doi":"10.1002/chem.71163","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.71163","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electrochemical NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis was conducted at intermediate temperatures (<i>ca</i>. 220°C) using a cell with a Cs phosphate–based electrolyte. A Fe/BZY (yttrium-doped barium zirconate) cathode catalyst was developed by combining Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/BZY reduced at 500°C and 800°C in a 1:1 weight ratio, which enabled NH<sub>3</sub> formation. Metallic Fe formed above 700°C was found to serve as an electronic conduction path in the cathode. Furthermore, K addition to the developed cathode enhanced the NH<sub>3</sub> production rate to 1.3 × 10<sup>−10</sup> mol s<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> at −1.0 V (vs. OCV). This study demonstrates the first electrochemical NH<sub>3</sub> synthesis using a base-metal cathode with a solid-state Cs phosphate electrolyte.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"32 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148004026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topology-Engineered Three-Dimensional Porphyrin-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photo- and Electrocatalysis","authors":"Jiaqi Ma, Yunyu Guo, Jingyang Lin, Enquan Jin","doi":"10.1002/chem.71158","DOIUrl":"10.1002/chem.71158","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Photo- and electrocatalytic conversion of abundant resources into value-added chemicals is a promising route to address rising energy demands and environmental sustainability. Achieving high efficiency requires catalysts that promote rapid charge generation, separation, and transport. Porphyrin-based covalent organic frameworks (Por-COFs) provide well-defined modular architectures with tunable electronic structures. Although two-dimensional (2D) Por-COFs can offer fast in-plane charge transport via extended π-conjugation, their densely stacked layers often impede mass diffusion and limit interlayer charge migration. By contrast, three-dimensional (3D) Por-COFs feature interconnected open channels and fully exposed active sites, enabling efficient charge separation, multidirectional charge transport, and improved accessibility of reactants and guests. These attributes translate into enhanced photo- and electrocatalytic activity. This article summarizes recent progress in the design and catalytic applications of 3D Por-COFs, emphasizing topology-guided structural engineering, performance optimization strategies, and structure–property–activity relationships. Remaining challenges and future opportunities are discussed to guide mechanistic understanding and accelerate practical implementation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":144,"journal":{"name":"Chemistry - A European Journal","volume":"32 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147985931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}