Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Cinnamophilin ameliorates testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia and fibrosis by regulating 5α-reductase and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.","authors":"Di Han, Chung-Yi Chen, XiangPeng Huang, Yi Liu, Hui Sun, YiDan Li, ManYu Liao, JiaYi Cai, Jing Liu, WenHui Li, Peng Zhang, ZhengPing Wu, Chi-Ming Liu","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.88921.19197","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.88921.19197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Androgen and TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathways play important roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), fibrosis, and the development of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Cinnamophilin is extracted from <i>Cinnamomum philippinense</i>. The anti-proliferative and anti-fibrosis effects of cinnamophilin on the prostate remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanism of action of cinnamophilin on prostate growth in testosterone propionate (TP)-treated mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was conducted both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. TP was injected subcutaneously to induce prostate enlargement and growth. Cinnamophilin (40 mg/kg) was orally administered once a day in TP (7.5 mg/ kg)-treated mice for 28 days. The morphological characteristics and fibrosis of the prostate were examined by H&E (Hematoxylin and Eosin) and Masson's trichrome stain. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of cinnamophilin (1-100 μM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cinnamophilin (40 mg/kg) significantly reduced prostate weight and prostate index in animal models. Cinnamophilin inhibited the protein expression of 5α-reductase type II and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in TP-treated mice. Cinnamophilin reversed morphological changes, EMT, and fibrosis in TP-treated mice. Cinnamophilin increased E-cadherin but decreased N-cadherin, vimentin, fibronectin, α-SMA, TGFBR2, TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, collagen I, collagen III, and collagen IV protein expressions. The expression of Smad2/3 was not significantly different among these groups. Cinnamophilin (100 μM) inhibited proliferation at 48 hr in BPH-1 and WPMY-1 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that cinnamophilin inhibits prostate growth and mitigates EMT and fibrosis by regulating TGFβ/Smad signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"121-127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12867095/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effect of resveratrol on lupus nephritis mice by up-regulating Sirt1.","authors":"Yu Zhao, Yun Cai, Jie Chen, Xu-Yan Yang","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.90231.19451","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.90231.19451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the therapeutic effect and protective mechanism of resveratrol (Res) on mice with lupus nephritis (LN).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We used Res to intervene in MRL/lpr mice and employed biochemical techniques to assess kidney function, inflammation levels, and oxidative stress. We also evaluated changes in immune function and used immunohistochemistry to assess Sirt1 protein and mRNA expression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Res improved the kidney function, alleviated proteinuria, and renal pathological damage in MRL/lpr mice. Res also ameliorated spleen weight and spleen index, and inhibited urinary protein/creatinine levels. Moreover, Res inhibited the expression of circulating inflammatory factors, oxidative stress levels, and kidney cell apoptosis in MRL/lpr mice. Res effectively promoted Sirt1 protein and mRNA expression in the kidneys of MRL/lpr mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Res has a protective effect on MRL/lpr mice, and its mechanism may involve activation of the Sirt1 signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12867101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146119074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can monomethyl fumarate and nifedipine reduce ischemia reperfusion injury in rat ovary, and what is the share of oxidative stress-sensitive transcription factors HIF-1α, NF-κB, and Nrf2?","authors":"Begum Kurt, Zeynep Deniz Sahin Inan, Sevgi Durna Dastan, Goknil Pelin Coskun, Ali Cetin","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.89192.19254","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.89192.19254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the potential protective roles of monomethyl fumarate (MMF) and nifedipine (NF) against ovarian ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats, with a particular focus on the contribution of oxidative stress-sensitive transcription factors HIF-1α, NF-κB, and Nrf2.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A rat model of ovarian I/R injury was established using 3-hr ischemia followed by 24-hour reperfusion. Ovarian hormone secretion capacity, oxidative stress-related biomolecular alterations, and apoptosis activation were analyzed using ELISA. Histopathological damage and apoptotic cell status were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Expression levels of HIF-1α, NF-κB, Nrf2, and related downstream genes were determined using RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>I/R significantly altered the expression of oxidative stress-associated transcription factors and their downstream targets compared with ischemia alone (<i>P</i><0.05). Combined administration of MMF and NF restored serum AMH and E2 levels toward control values and reduced tissue oxidative stress markers (TOS and MDA). Gene expression of pro-apoptotic (BAX, BECLIN-1) and stress-related (HIF-1α, NF-κB, Nrf2) molecules improved under MMF and NF treatments. The combined therapy showed the most effective reduction in oxidative stress-induced molecular and histological alterations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MMF and NF exerted protective effects against ovarian I/R injury by modulating oxidative stress and apoptosis. These findings suggest that the coordinated regulation of HIF-1α, NF-κB, and Nrf2 pathways may play a pivotal role in reducing reperfusion-related ovarian tissue damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 3","pages":"446-457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on recent advances in lipid-based drug delivery systems for tuberculosis.","authors":"Farah Natasya Zamani, Najihah Mohd Hashim, Rajesh Sreedharan Nair, A'liyatur Rosyidah, Phuoc-Vinh Nguyen, Sonny Kristianto, Intan Nurul Annisha Suhaili, Nur Afifah Othman, Sui Ling Janet Tan","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.88836.19184","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.88836.19184","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health challenge, as current therapeutic strategies, albeit effective, require prolonged treatment durations and strict patient adherence. This often results in treatment failure and contributes to the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. To address these challenges, extensive research has focused on innovative drug delivery systems to improve bioavailability, enhance site-specific targeting, and overcome the limitations of conventional TB treatment. In this review, we summarise recent advancements in solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), and functionalized lipid nanoparticles for TB treatment. A literature review was conducted focusing on the pathophysiology of TB, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy, and toxicity of lipid nanoparticles, and recent advancements in lipid nanoparticles for anti-TB drug delivery to the lungs. Studies demonstrated lipid nanoparticles significantly improve the solubility, stability, and targeted delivery of anti-TB drugs to infected macrophages. Rifampicin-loaded NLCs exhibited over 90% drug release sustained over 7 days and remained physically stable for up to 6 months. Mannose-functionalized NLCs showed around 70% macrophage uptake, doubling the rate of non-functionalized systems. <i>In vivo</i> studies on isoniazid-loaded SLNs reported a 3-fold increase in LD₅₀ and a> 26-fold enhancement in bioavailability. Mannosylated clofazimine-NLCs exhibited prolonged lung retention and significantly reduced hepatic and renal toxicity. These quantitative improvements highlight the potential of lipid-based systems to outperform conventional formulations in both efficacy and safety. These advancements demonstrate strong potential for clinical translation, offering a more effective and patient-friendly approach to TB treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 3","pages":"322-333"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13135181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trans sodium crocetinate protects against hepatotoxicity induced by bisphenol A in rats.","authors":"Majid Keshavarzi, Bibi Marjan Razavi, Hossein Hosseinzadeh","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Bisphenol A (BPA) is a monomer used in producing a wide range of materials and products, and it is recognized as an endocrine disruptor. Exposure to BPA can cause toxicity in multiple organs, especially the liver. Trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) is a synthetic salt derived from crocetin extracted from Crocus sativus. TSC exhibits antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and properties that inhibit autophagy. This study evaluates the effects of TSC on liver toxicity induced by BPA.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 42 rats were allocated into seven groups, including those exposed to BPA at a dose of 75 mg/kg, BPA and trans sodium crocetinate (TSC) at doses of 10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, and groups receiving olive oil, distilled water, or TSC (40 mg/kg) alone. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation, and glutathione, as well as serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin were assessed using colorimetric methods. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and liver protein expression were quantified using fluorimetric and western blot techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TSC, at the dose of 40 mg/kg, reduced the levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation induced by BPA, while remarkably increasing the glutathione content and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in liver tissue. Moreover, TSC markedly alleviated the BPA-induced increases in caspase-3 protein levels and in the activities of ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH, as well as in serum bilirubin T.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altogether, TSC can be regarded as a supplement to protect against BPA-induced hepatotoxicity due to its potent antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"570-577"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13213438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148054305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming PRP into a shelf-stable therapy: Lyophilization preserves angiogenic and regenerative properties.","authors":"Amin Solouki, Tahereh Manoochehrabadi, Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi, Hamid Reza Rahimi, Mohsen Hamidpour","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.93868.20236","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.93868.20236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is widely used in regenerative medicine due to its high concentration of bioactive growth factors; however, its short shelf life limits its clinical applicability. Lyophilization has been proposed to extend PRP stability, but its impact on biological efficacy remains unclear. This study evaluated whether lyophilization alters the biochemical composition and regenerative function of PRP derived from expired platelet units unsuitable for transfusion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pooled isogroup PRP was processed as either liquid PRP or lyophilized PRP. Growth factors (FGF-1, PDGF, VEGF) and endotoxin levels were quantified. Biological activity was assessed in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using MTT assays, <i>in vitro</i> wound closure, gene expression analysis (<i>MMP-1, MMP-3, Ang1, PDGFR</i>), and CD31 immunocytochemistry at 5% and 10% concentrations, with fetal bovine serum (FBS) as a control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lyophilization resulted in moderate reductions in FGF-1, PDGF, and VEGF relative to Liquid-PRP (<i>P<</i>0.05), while endotoxin levels remained acceptable. In HDFs, liquid-PRP induced higher MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression, whereas lyophilized-PRP promoted lower but sufficient expression, consistent with controlled extracellular matrix remodeling, with comparable wound-closure outcomes between PRP groups. In HUVECs, lyophilized PRP preserved cell viability, migration, and CD31 expression, comparable to liquid PRP and FBS. Angiogenic gene expression showed a concentration-dependent response, with maximal activation at 5% PRP, and no functional impairment after lyophilization (<i>P<</i>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite a moderate reduction in growth factors, lyophilized PRP retained regenerative efficacy, supporting lyophilization as a viable strategy for the stable, sustainable reuse of PRP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 5","pages":"782-793"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13254796/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148251069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Promising therapeutic efficacy of kolaviron against prenatal valproate-induced autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Vahid Khodashenas, Tourandokht Baluchnejadmojarad, Mitra Farbin, Ali Khodabakhshi Korelaei, Soraya Mehrabi, Mehrdad Roghani","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.94595.20399","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.94595.20399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a lifelong neurodevelopmental condition marked by impairments in social communication, language, and behavior. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) contributes to its pathogenesis. kolaviron (KV), a polyphenolic extract from Garcinia kola, has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, offering neuroprotective potential in ASD models. Our study aimed to evaluate whether KV could improve the VPA-induced autism model through targeting serotonergic system, mitochondrial dysregulation, oxidative stress, and inflammation.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Pregnant Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal dose of VPA (600 mg/kg) on gestational day 12.5 to induce autism-like features in offspring. Male pups were weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21 and randomly assigned to receive KV (50 or 100 mg/kg, oral), or saline until PND 49. Behavioral tests were finally conducted and brain tissue was collected for analysis of hippocampal oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, serotonin transporter (5-HTT), serotonin receptor 7 (5-HTR7), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels. Immunohistochemical staining for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was also performed to assess astrocytic reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KV-treated VPA-exposed rats showed significant improvements in social interaction and with lower repetitive behavior. Biochemically, KV decreased malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-6 and TNFα levels, improved catalase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and modulated serotonergic markers (5-HTT and 5-HTR7). Histologically, KV also attenuated hippocampal GFAP immunoreactivity (IRA).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KV showed its promising potential as a complementary therapeutic agent in ASD murine model. Further studies are still warranted to clarify its further mechanisms and clinical relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 8","pages":"1202-1210"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a hybrid micelle--hydrogel system for topical delivery of doxorubicin to skin cancer cells.","authors":"Majid Zia-Behbahani, Elahehnaz Parhizkar, Mahdokht Hossein Aghdaie, Elaheh Esfandiari, Shohreh Alipour, Fatemeh Ahmadi","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.93873.20233","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.93873.20233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Topical delivery of anti-neoplastic agents could circumvent many drawbacks of chemotherapy in skin cancer. This study aims to develop a hybrid Hyaluronic acid-oleic acid (HA-C18) micelle--alginate hydrogel as a topical system for doxorubicin (DOX), enhancing skin penetration, providing controlled release, and localized therapy for skin cancer.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>DOX-loaded micelles (DOX-PMs) were prepared from the synthesized amphiphilic substance (HA-C18) and incorporated into an alginate hydrogel. Micelles were characterized for size, drug loading, and <i>in vitro</i> release behavior. pH and viscosity of the hydrogel were also evaluated. <i>Ex vivo</i> permeation through rat skin was investigated for DOX solution, DOX in hydrogel, and DOX-PMs-hydrogel. Finally, antitumor activity and flow cytometry analysis were also performed on the B16F10 cell line.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Size and drug loading of micelles were about 221.4±27 nm and 4.32±0.4%, respectively. pH values, and viscosity of hydrogel were 4.51±0.02, and 3.2 Pa.s, respectively. DOX was released in a burst and sustained manner after 72 hr. Results showed that micelles markedly enhanced DOX permeation, achieving a 2.1-fold increase over free drug and a 9.2-fold increase over hydrogel. DOX micelles exhibited lower cytotoxic activity against B16F10 cells compared to free DOX, due to the slower release from the micelles. Finally, in both quantitative and qualitative flow cytometry analyses, the cellular uptake was evident, and the uptake rate was lower than that of free DOX.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings indicate that a hybrid micelle--hydrogel platform enables controlled delivery of DOX, enhancing topical efficacy in skin cancer while minimizing systemic exposure in a patient-compatible manner.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 8","pages":"1184-1194"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of a five-layer wound dressing containing chitosan-LL37 peptide for the treatment of EB wounds and deep exudate patients.","authors":"Morteza Rabiei, Mehrdad Moosazadeh Moghaddam, Hossein Derakhshankhah, Ramezan Ali Taheri","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.94276.20323","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2026.94276.20323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a multifunctional five-layer wound dressing that meets essential requirements for effective wound healing, including exudate absorption, antimicrobial activity, moisture retention, gas exchange, and non-damaging adhesion. The specific objective was to assess the antibacterial efficacy, biocompatibility, and wound-healing performance of a dressing incorporating chitosan--LL37 nanoparticles (CS-LL37 NPs).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A five-layer wound dressing was fabricated, consisting of a silicone adhesive layer, a polyurethane (PU) foam layer embedded with CS-LL37 NPs, a polypropylene diffusion layer, a cellulose-based retention layer, and a breathable, waterproof backing layer. The CS-LL37 NPs were incorporated into the PU layer, and their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity were evaluated <i>in vitro</i>. The dressing's wound-healing performance, with and without CS-LL37 NPs, was assessed <i>in vivo</i> in a female Wistar rat model and compared with that of a commercial dressing (Mepilex Border).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The developed five-layer dressing demonstrated effective exudate management, antimicrobial activity, and favorable healing conditions. <i>In vivo</i> results showed wound closure rates and histological outcomes comparable to those of the commercial dressing. The inclusion of CS-LL37 NPs enhanced antibacterial performance without inducing significant cytotoxicity, indicating good biocompatibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prepared five-layer wound dressing exhibited healing performance comparable to a commercially available product. The incorporation of CS-LL37 nanoparticles showed significant potential to improve treatment outcomes, particularly for exudative wounds, and may be a promising option for patients with chronic or fragile-skin conditions such as Epidermolysis Bullosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 8","pages":"1229-1240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13527850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.) and nervous system disorders: New findings on its neuroprotective properties.","authors":"Elnaz Vafadar Moradi, Behrang Rezvani Kakhki, Zahra Yazdanpanah, Jalileh Jalali, Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.88710.19158","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.88710.19158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.) has gained recognition for its neuroprotective potential, offering therapeutic benefits for various nervous system disorders. Its main components, including rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and ursolic acid, exhibit anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, neurotransmitter-modulating, and mitochondrial-stabilizing effects. This updated narrative review explores recent advancements in the mechanisms of action of rosemary and its therapeutic applications in various neurodegenerative diseases. Peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed using electronic databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Research assessing the pharmacological properties of rosemary and its main components, molecular pathways, and clinical implications was reviewed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of its neuroprotective potential.Findings reinforce the neuroprotective potential of rosemary and its main components in Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression, epilepsy, pain, and Parkinson's disease. They modulate key molecular pathways, including NF-κB, Nrf2, BDNF, NO/cGMP/KATP, and autophagic clearance, leading to reduced oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and apoptosis. They also affect neurotransmitter balance and protein aggregation. The ability of these compounds to enhance cholinergic activity, stabilize mitochondrial integrity, and regulate neuro-immune signaling supports cognitive resilience and neuronal protection. Rosemary also exhibits synergistic potential when combined with conventional treatments, such as analgesics and neuroprotective agents, improving therapeutic efficacy while minimizing adverse effects. This updated review consolidates current findings on the neuroprotective effects of rosemary and its active components, offering insights into its therapeutic applications for nervous system disorders. Future research should focus on clinical trials to validate its efficacy and optimize its use in neurological health management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"29 2","pages":"155-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13090973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}