Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"TRPA1 as a promising target in ischemia/reperfusion: A comprehensive review.","authors":"Azin Alizadehasl, Maryam Sadat Alavi, Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi, Ali Roohbakhsh","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.74590.16198","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.74590.16198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ischemic disorders, including myocardial infarction, cerebral ischemia, and peripheral vascular impairment, are the main common reasons for debilitating diseases and death in Western cultures. Ischemia occurs when blood circulation is reduced in tissues. Reperfusion, although commanded to return oxygen to ischemic tissues, generates paradoxical tissue responses. The responses include generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), stimulating inflammatory responses in ischemic organs, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the expansion of postischemic capillary no-reflow, which intensifies organ damage. Multiple pathologic processes contribute to ischemia/reperfusion; therefore, targeting different pathologic processes may yield an effective therapeutic approach. Transient Receptor Potential A1 (TRPA1) belongs to the TRP family of ion channels, detects a broad range of chemicals, and promotes the transduction of noxious stimuli, e.g., methylglyoxal, ROS, and acrolein effects are attributed to the channel's sensitivity to intracellular calcium elevation or phosphoinositol phosphate modulation. Hypoxia and ischemia are associated with oxidative stress, which activates the TRPA1 channel. This review describes the role of TRPA1 and its related mechanisms that contribute to ischemia/reperfusion. Relevant articles were searched from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Google Scholar electronic databases, up to the end of August 2023. Based on the evidence presented here, TRPA1 may have protective or deteriorative functions during the ischemia/reperfusion process. Its function depends on the activation level, the ischemic region, the extent of lesions, and the duration of ischemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10849207/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139706745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective roles of flavonoid \"hispidulin\" in the central nervous system: A review.","authors":"Saeed Mustapha, Rabiu Abdussalam Magaji, Mohammed Garba Magaji, Ibrahim Bako Gaya, Baraka Umar, Yusuf Yusha'u, Abubakar Bishir Daku, Samaila Musa Chiroma, Aliyu Jaafar, Mohamad Zulfadli Mehat, Che Norma Mat Taib, Mohamad Aris Moh'd Moklas","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.76605.16573","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.76605.16573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interest in naturally occurring phytochemicals has been on the increase, they are believed to reduce the risk of brain disorders. Hispidulin (HN) is a phenolic flavonoid compound with various pharmacological and biological effects on the central nervous system. It belongs to the flavone class of flavonoids. It can be found in different plant materials, especially fruits and vegetables. The literature used in this review was collected from credible scientific databases including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Hindawi without time restriction, using relevant keywords, such as HN, brain, central nervous system, flavonoids, and flavones. HN was discovered to possess pro-apoptotic properties, act as an antioxidant, inhibit cytokine production and toll-like receptor 4 expression, as well as impede nuclear factor kappa beta and mitogen-activated protein kinase B. HN was also found to inhibit lipid peroxidation in vitro and reduce brain edema in mice. These pharmacological potentials suggest that HN is a promising candidate for neuroprotection in CNS disorders like depression and epilepsy. This review provides an update on the scientific literature concerning how these activities could help provide various forms of neuroprotection in the CNS. Additional experimental data on the effects of HN in models of neurological disorders and neuroprotection should be explored further. Based on the current study, HN is a promising candidate for neuroprotection of the CNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11266747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141758747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of <i>Crocus sativus</i> and its constituent, safranal, and pioglitazone, on systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by paraquat aerosol in rats.","authors":"Arghavan Memarzia, Seydeh Zahra Ghasemi, Fatemeh Amin, Zahra Gholamnezhad, Mohammad Hossein Boskabady","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.72996.15867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/IJBMS.2024.72996.15867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The effects of <i>Crocus sativus</i>, safranal, and pioglitazone on aerosolized paraquat (PQ)-induced systemic changes were examined.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Control (Ctrl) and PQ groups of rats were exposed to saline or PQ (27 and 54 mg/m3, PQ-L and PQ-H) aerosols eight times on alternate days. Nine PQ-H groups were treated with dexamethasone (0.03 mg/kg/day, Dexa), two doses of <i>C. sativus</i> extract (20 and 80 mg/kg/day, CS-L and CS-H), safranal (0.8 and 3.2 mg/kg/day, Saf-L and Saf-H), pioglitazone (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, Pio-L and Pio-H), and the combination of low dose of the pioglitazone and extract or safranal (Pio + CS and Pio + Saf) after the end of PQ exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interferon-gamma (INF-γ), interleukin 10 (IL-10), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and thiol serum levels were reduced, but tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total and differential WBC were increased in both PQ groups (<i>P</i><0.05 to <i>P</i><0.001). All measured variables were improved in all treated groups (<i>P</i><0.05 to <i>P</i><0.001). The effects of high dose of C. sativus and safranal on measured parameters were higher than dexamethasone (<i>P</i><0.05 to <i>P</i><0.001). The effects of Pio + CS and Pio + Saf treatment on most variables were significantly higher than three agents alone (<i>P</i><0.05 to <i>P</i><0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>C. sativus</i> and safranal improved inhaled PQ-induced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress similar to those of dexamethasone and showed synergic effects with pioglitazone suggesting the possible PPARγ receptor-mediated effects of the plant and its constituent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11017852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential antiaging activity of secretome gel of human Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) in UV-induced mice models.","authors":"Wahyu Widowati, Ahmad Faried, Achmad Adam, Deni Rahmat, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma, Nindia Salsabila Mia Dewi, Marisca Evalina Gondokesumo, Rizal Rizal, Ita Margaretha Nainggolan, Massoud Vosough","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.70825.15385","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.70825.15385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Skin aging is a degenerative process that can be induced by UV irradiation. UV radiation can produce reactive oxidate stress which causes premature aging. This study aims to examine the antiaging potential of secretome gel (SC) from human Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hWJ-MSCs) in a UVB-induced mice model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The secretome was obtained from hWJ-MSCs and made in gel form. Male mice were radiated by UVB for 15 min twice daily for 14 days. The gel was topically applied to the mice's dorsal skin. Two treatments of secretome gel: secretome 1 is applied once and secretome 2 is applied twice daily after UVB radiation. TGF-β1, IL-10, and IL-18 gene expression was determined using RT-PCR. Hematoxylin Eosin staining was used to observe the inflammation and collagen density of skin tissue. An immunohistochemistry assay was used to analyze the protein expression of P53, COL4A1, MMP-2, and MMP-13. The data were statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test followed by the Tukey post hoc test (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>UVB induction caused loss of collagen, increasing inflammation and high expression of aging mediators. SC increased the gene expression of TGF-β1 and IL-10 and decreased IL-18 gene expression. Histopathological tests showed that SG increased collagen density, lowered inflammation, and repaired cell damage in skin tissue. Immunohistochemistry test showed that SC decreased MMP-2, MMP-13, and P53 expression, in contrast, increased COL4A1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The secretome gel of hWJ-MSCs showed antiaging activities with potential for preventing and curing skin aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11127088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behavior, hippocampal oxidative, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are reversed by young plasma transfusion in aged adult rats.","authors":"Arshad Ghaffari-Nasab, Gonja Javani, Fereshteh Farajdokht, Mohammad Reza Alipour, Gisou Mohaddes","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.72437.15754","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.72437.15754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Aging and stress synergistically induce behavioral dysfunctions associated with oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in brain regions. Considering the rejuvenating effects of young plasma on aging brain function, in the current study, we examined the effects of young plasma administration on anxiety-like behavior, NADH oxidase, NADPH oxidase, and ER stress markers in the hippocampus of old male rats.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Young (3 months old) and aged (22 months old) rats were randomly assigned into five groups: young control (Y), aged control (A), aged rats subjected to chronic stress for four weeks (A+S), aged rats subjected to chronic stress and treated with old plasma (A+S+OP), and aged rats subjected to chronic stress and treated with young plasma (A+S+YP). Systemic injection of (1 ml) young and old plasma was performed for four weeks (3 times/week).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Young plasma transfusion significantly improved anxiety-like behavior in aged rats and modulated oxidative stress in the hippocampus, evidenced by the increased NADH oxidase (NOX) activity and the reduced NADPH oxidase. In addition, the levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and Glucose-Regulated Protein 78 (GRP-78), as ER stress markers, markedly reduced in the hippocampus following the administration of young plasma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that young plasma transfusion could reverse anxiety-like behavior in stress-exposed aged rats by modulating the hippocampal oxidative and ER stress markers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10722476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139074066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Royal jelly induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-derived Nalm-6 cells: Shedding light on novel therapeutic approaches for ALL.","authors":"Somayeh Yazdanparast, Davood Bashash, Amirsalar Nikkhah Bahrami, Mohammad Ghorbani, Mehrdad Izadirad, Mehdi Bakhtiyaridovvombaygi, Seyede Zahra Hasanpour, Ahmad Gharehbaghian","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.76261.16498","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.76261.16498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Until recently, a conventional chemotherapy regimen for Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is considered an efficient therapeutic method in children. However, suboptimal long-term survival rates in adults, disease relapse, and drug-induced toxicities require novel therapeutic agents for ALL treatments. Today, natural products with pharmacological benefits play a significant role in treating different cancers. Among the most valued natural products, honey bees' royal jelly (RJ) is one of the most appreciated which has revealed anti-tumor activity against different human cancers. This study aimed to evaluate anti-leukemic properties and the molecular mechanisms of RJ cytotoxicity on ALL-derived Nalm-6 cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The metabolic activity was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis, cell distribution in the cell cycle, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were investigated using flow cytometry analysis. Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to scrutinize the expression of various regulatory genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RJ significantly decreased the viability of Nalm-6 cells but had no cytotoxic effect on normal cells. In addition, RJ induced ROS-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating pro-apoptotic genes while decreasing anti-apoptotic gene expression. The results outlined that ROS-dependent up-regulation of FOXO4 and Sirt1 inhibits the cells' transition to the S phase of the cell cycle through p21 up-regulation. The qRT-PCR analysis of autophagy-related gene expression also demonstrated that RJ induced BECN1 mediated autophagy in Naml-6 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taken together, this study showed that RJ can be utilized as a potent natural substance to induce ALL cells' programmed cell death. However, further studies are required to examine this compound's pharmaceutical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of crocin on the enhancement of <i>in vitro</i> neurogenesis: Involvement of Notch and CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.","authors":"Shayan Vafaei, Vida Mirzaie, Masoumeh Baghalishahi, Elahe Mousanejad, Seyed Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.76308.16513","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.76308.16513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Adult neurogenesis, the process of generating new neurons, continues throughout life. Unfortunately, this process is insufficient in pathological conditions and needs to be promoted. Crocin, the active component of saffron, affects neurogenesis <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. We aimed to investigate the enhancing effects of crocin on the neurogenesis of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of retinoic acid, as well as the molecular pathways involved.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Differentiation capacities and stemness potential of harvested ADSCs were evaluated by differentiating into osteocytes and adipocytes, and expression of mesenchymal CD markers by flow cytometry. The optimum dose of crocin was assessed with an MTT assay. Crocin, retinoic acid, CREB/BDNF, and Notch inhibitors and their combination were added to the culture medium. Jag1, Hes1, Notch, and BDNF gene expression were analyzed by RT-PCR on days 7, 14, and 21, while CREB, DCX, SOX2, and NeuN expression were analyzed by immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Expression of mesenchymal CD markers as well as adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation confirmed the origin and properties of ADSCs. The optimal dose of crocin was 1 mM. Crocin significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) increased, while inhibitors (DATP&Naphthol) significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) decreased Jag1, Hes1, Notch, and BDNF expression. Immunofluorescent assessments showed that expression of DCX, BDNF, NeuN, and Sox2 proteins increased significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) after crocin administration and decreased significantly (<i>P</i><0.05) after inhibitor administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Crocin can be used as an enhancer for neural differentiation of MSCs <i>in vitro</i> in the presence of retinoic acid. The mechanism is proposed through Notch and CREB/BDNF signaling pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of methylene blue for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19: A narrative review.","authors":"Elaheh Emadi, Daryoush Hamidi Alamdari, Davood Attaran, Soroush Attaran","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.71871.15617","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2024.71871.15617","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The newest virus from the SARS family of viruses called acute syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19 disease, was identified in China at the end of 2019. In March 2020, after it spread to 29 additional countries, it was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). SARS-CoV-2 infection mainly starts through the respiratory tract and causes a wide spectrum of symptoms from asymptomatic infections to acute respiratory distress syndrome with multi-organ failure and vasoplegic shock. Among the many immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs that have been studied for the treatment of COVID-19, methylene blue (MB) may play an influential role. This article reviews the history of MB applications, the antiviral effects of MB against SARS-CoV-2, and the results of <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> studies of the use of MB in COVID-19. Based on studies, MB can simultaneously affect most of the host's harmful responses caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its multiple properties, including anti-hypoxemia, anti-oxidant, immune system modulator, and antiviral. The use of MB is associated with a reduction in the possibility of getting infection, and mortality, and can be used as a safe, effective, cheap, and available treatment option with minimal side effects for the clinical management of COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crocin protects against endoplasmic reticulum stress-related tubular injury in diabetic nephropathy via the activation of the PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway.","authors":"Guiying Wang, Jiuhon Deng, Zhou Hua","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.73385.15942","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.73385.15942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the main cause of end-stage renal disease, but the current treatment is not satisfactory. Crocin is a major bioactive compound of saffron with antioxidant and anti-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) abilities used to treat diabetes. This study specifically investigated whether crocin has a regulatory role in renal injury in DN.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experiment was divided into control, (db/m mice), model (db/db mice), and experimental groups (db/db mice were intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg crocin). Renal function-related indicators (Scr, BUN, FBG, UP, TG, TC, ALT, and AST) and oxidative stress-related indicators (ROS, MDA, GSH, SOD, and CAT) were assessed. The pathological changes of renal tissues were confirmed by HE, Masson, PAS, and TUNEL staining. The levels of ERS-related proteins (GRP78 and CHOP), apoptosis-related proteins, and PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 pathways-related proteins in renal tissue were detected.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In db/db mice, renal function-related indicators, apoptotic cells of renal tissues, the contents of ROS and MDA as well as the expressions of CHOP, GRP78, and Bax were increased, the degree of renal tissue damage was aggravated, while the contents of GSH, SOD, and CAT, as well as the protein levels of Nrf2, PARP, anti-apoptotic proteins (Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl) were decreased compared to the db/m mice. However, crocin treatment reversed the above-mentioned situation. The expressions of the PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 pathways-related proteins were also activated by crocin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Crocin inhibited oxidative stress and ERS-induced kidney injury in db/db mice by activating the PI3K/AKT and Nrf2 pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10897564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orexin and cannabinoid systems modulate long-term potentiation of the hippocampus CA1 area in anesthetized rats.","authors":"Reza Fartootzadeh, Ramezan Ali Taheri, Mohammad Reza Nourani, Kamelya Goudarzi","doi":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.73979.16075","DOIUrl":"10.22038/IJBMS.2023.73979.16075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a kind of synaptic plasticity and has a key role in learning and memory. Endocannabinoids and orexins are the endogenous systems that can modulate synaptic plasticity. Given that new studies have shown an interaction between cannabinoid and orexin systems in the brain, we decided to examine this interaction between the two systems on LTP induction in rat's hippocampus.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were used for evaluating the effects of co-administrating of cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) antagonist (AM251) and orexin-2 receptor (OX2R) antagonist (TCS OX2 29) on the induction of LTP in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses of rat hippocampus. The drugs were microinjected into the CA1 area of rat hippocampus 30 min before inducing of LTP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that sole administration of the antagonists inhibited LTP, with respect to the control group. Also, co-administrating of them reduced LTP as compared to the control group, but not significantly more than that when the antagonists were solely microinjected into the CA1. Nonetheless, the inhibitory effect of concurrent administration of the antagonists on LTP lasted until the end of the recording.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results propose that endogenous cannabinoids and orexins play a role in the expression of LTP, at least by CA1-CB1Rs and CA1-OX2Rs, respectively. Finally, there is no interaction between CB1R and OX2R on the induction of LTP in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses; therefore, these two systems possibly act through common signaling pathways in the hippocampus's CA1 region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10897562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139990057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}