Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Vanillic acid as a promising intervention for metabolic syndrome: Preclinical studies.","authors":"Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar, Gordon A Ferns, Majid Ghayour Mobarhan","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81709.17680","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81709.17680","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome is a clustering of metabolic abnormalities and anthropometric factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. As the search for effective treatments intensifies, attention has turned towards natural substances with potential medicinal benefits. Among them, vanillic acid, a phenolic acid present in many plants, has attracted some attention due to its wide range of biological activities. This review aimed to provide an in-depth summary of the potential therapeutic use of vanillic acid in metabolic syndrome. The potential mechanisms of action of vanillic acid, including its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic properties, are discussed. The effect of vanillic acid on glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, and adipocyte activity is also addressed. The effect of vanillic acid on lipid metabolism, including the control of lipid synthesis, breakdown, and transport, is also reviewed. The emerging evidence for the beneficial effects of vanillic acid in animal models, <i>in vitro</i> studies, and preliminary clinical studies is also highlighted. The data suggests that vanillic acid has the potential to ameliorate metabolic syndrome. However, further preclinical and clinical research is needed to determine the specific mechanisms of action, appropriate dose, and subsequent advantages of vanillic acid. A more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of vanillic acid could pave the way for developing innovative techniques for preventing and treating metabolic syndrome and its implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of bacteria in cancers and their therapeutic potential: Review of current knowledge.","authors":"Wojciech Wawrety, Anna Kedziora","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.77667.16798","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.77667.16798","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancers are extremely dynamic diseases that can actively cause refractorines to be gained from applied therapies, which is why they are at the forefront of deaths worldwide. In this literature review, we covered the most recent and important discoveries regarding the influence of human microbiota, including tumor bacteriome, on the development and treatment of cancer. Advances in research on microbial communities have enabled us to discover the role of the human microbiome in the development and course of this disease, helping us understand neoplasms better and design new potential therapies. As we show through our findings, by immunomodulation and the secretion of certain chemical substances, the correct bacteriome of the intestinal tract, respiratory system, or skin can protect humans against cancer development and help during the treatment process. Bacteria also reside inside tumors, forming part of the tumor microenvironment (TME), where they interact with immunological and cancer cells in many complex ways. Some bacteria, such as <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> or <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>, can stimulate anticancer cell-mediated immune responses or even directly lead to cancer cell death. We also present the clinical possibilities of using some live, usually modified bacteria to develop bacteriotherapies. Modifying the gut microbiome to stimulate standard treatment is also important. Research on the microbiome and cancer remains a challenging topic in microbiology, having a great potential for advancements in cancer therapy in the future, and is continuously becoming a more and more popular field of research, as shown by our statistical analysis of PubMed data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 3","pages":"273-282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11790194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melittin alleviates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis <i>in vivo</i> through regulating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathways.","authors":"Jia-Wang Yu, Wei-Hua Lu","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81986.17740","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81986.17740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study investigated the protective effect of melittin (MEL) against bleomycin (BLM)- induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice and the mechanism underlying this effect.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A mouse model of PF was established by intratracheal injection of 3.5 mg/kg BLM. Twenty-four hours after the model was established, the mice in the treatment groups were intraperitoneally injected with MEL, and specimens were collected 28 days later. The body weight, survival rate, and pulmonary index (PI) of the mice were determined. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemical staining, kit assays, and Western blot (WB) analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study indicated that MEL significantly increased the body weight and survival rate, reduced PI, and improved lung histopathology in mice. In addition, MEL inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. Attenuated mitochondrial damage and reduced oxidative stress (OS) were also observed in MEL-treated mice. We further showed that MEL inhibited the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway and activated the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MEL is a promising future therapeutic agent for PF. Its multifaceted and complex mechanism of action inhibits both EMT and ECM production by modulating the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. It also improves mitochondrial function and reduces OS at least partially through the activation of the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"426-433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of cellular, mechanical, and optical properties of different polymers for corneal tissue engineering.","authors":"Sepehr Zamani, Javad Sadeghi, Mohammad Kamalabadi-Farahani, Seyede Nazanin Aghayan, Zohreh Arabpour, Ali R Djalilian, Majid Salehi","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.85468.18477","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.85468.18477","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The invention of corneal tissue engineering is essential for vision due to the lack of effective treatments and donated corneas. Finding the right polymer is crucial for reducing inflammation, ensuring biocompatibility, and mimicking natural cornea properties.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, solvent casting and physical crosslinking (freeze-thaw cycles) were used to fabricate polymeric scaffolds of Polyvinyl alcohol, alginate, gelatin, carboxymethyl chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, and their combinations. The mechanical evaluation of scaffolds for tension and suture ability was conducted. Biodegradability, swelling, water vapor, bacterial permeability, anti-inflammatory properties, blood compatibility, Blood Clotting Index (BCI), pH alterations, and cell compatibility with human Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs) were investigated with MTT. The hydrophilicity of the samples and the ability to adhere to surfaces were also compared with the contact angle and adhesive test, respectively. Finally, quantitative and qualitative analysis was used to check the transparency of the samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mechanical strength of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinyl pyrrolidone samples was highest, showing good suture ability. All samples had blood compatibility below 5% and cell compatibility above 75%. Polyvinyl alcohol was the most transparent at around 93%. Carboxymethyl chitosan effectively inhibited bacterial permeability, while its anti-inflammatory potential showed no significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study aims to choose the best polymer composition for corneal tissue engineering. The selection depends on the study's goals, like mechanical strength or transparency. Comparing polymers across different dimensions provides better insight for polymer selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 8","pages":"1082-1099"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatoprotective effects of <i>Curcuma</i> <i>xanthorrhiza</i> Roxb. extract via free radical scavenger, inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation mechanisms in acetaminophen-induced liver injury.","authors":"I Nyoman Ehrich Lister, Linda Chiuman, Maya Sari Mutia, Hartono Hartono, Ermi Girsang, Annisa Firdaus Sutendi, Hanna Sari Widya Kusuma, Dhanar Septyawan Hadiprasetyo, Wahyu Widowati","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.82500.17833","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.82500.17833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Acetaminophen (APAP)-mediated liver injury poses a significant public health concern. <i>Curcuma xanthorrhiza</i> extract (CXE) has been traditionally used for its hepatoprotective properties. This research aimed to assess the hepatoprotective effects of CXE in APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity by investigating the modulatory effects of CXE on key biomarkers, including Interleukin (IL), namely, (IL-6), IL-10, IL-1β, Nitric Oxide (NO), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and the genes expression related to apoptosis-like Caspase-3 (Casp-3), Casp-9, and genes related to liver metabolic c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK), in APAP-mediated HepG2 cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>APAP-induced HepG2 cells were treated with different concentrations of CXE. IL-6, IL-10, IL were measured using an Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and NO, LDH were measured using colorimetric assay. Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription (qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CXE significantly reduced IL-1β and IL-6 levels, enhanced IL-10 production, and attenuated NO levels in APAP-mediated hepatotoxicity. CXE also suppressed the expression of Casp-9, Casp-3, JNK, and LDH levels. The study presented a concentration-dependent response, with 125 μg/ml CXE exhibiting the most pronounced effects. CXE effectively modulated immune responses, decreased oxidative stress, and inhibited apoptotic and inflammatory pathways in APAP-mediated hepatotoxic cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These studies highlight the CXE potential as a therapeutic candidate for liver disorders, particularly in drug-mediated liver injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 8","pages":"1100-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144527934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yavar-70A, a novel water-in-oil adjuvant: A potency study in HPV-16E7d vaccine model.","authors":"Zeinab Mirzaei, Soyar Sari, Masoud Moghaddam Pour, Seyed Mehdi Hassanzadeh, Benjamin Damizadeh, Morteza Taghizadeh, Mehdi Mahdavi","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81654.17671","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81654.17671","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Adjuvants are some of the most important components used for vaccine formulation. In addition, the efficacy of vaccines is highly dependent on the nature of the adjuvants used. Therefore, new adjuvant formulations may help develop more potent vaccines. In the present study, the potency of an in-house and water-in-oil adjuvant (Yavar-70A) was compared with Montanide ISA 206 and Montanide ISA 266 in an HPV-16E7d vaccine model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three HPV-16 E7d vaccines were formulated using three different adjuvants, Montanide ISA 206, Montanide ISA 266, and Yavar-70A, with standard protocols. Afterward, each formulation containing 10 μg of the E7d protein was administered thrice at two-week intervals to C57BL/6 mice. Serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 cytokines secreted from spleen cells, total IgG, and specific IgG1 and IgG2a isotypes were assessed using ELISA two weeks after the last immunization. Lymphocyte proliferative responses were also evaluated using the BrdU method.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that the vaccine formulated using the Yavar-70A adjuvant showed the highest lymphocyte proliferation responses compared with other groups and higher IFN-γ cytokine release compared with that formulated using Montanide ISA 206. However, the vaccine formulated using Montanide ISA 206 induced the highest total IgG responses compared with other groups. Importantly, the vaccine formulated using Yavar-70A decreased IL-4 secretion compared with other vaccinated groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study demonstrated that Yavar-70A induces cellular and humoral immunologic parameters against the HPV-16 E7d vaccine model comparable to commercialized oil-based adjuvants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"224-229"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NMDA receptors antagonists alleviated the acute phase of traumatic brain injury.","authors":"Mehrdad Hajinejad, Ahmadreza Gharaeian Morshed, Abdolreza Narouiepour, Maryam Izadpanahi, Mohammad Mahdi Taheri, Mohammad Hossein Sadeghian, Fatemeh Forouzanfar, Sajad Sahab Negah","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.80887.17500","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.80887.17500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of mortality and disability worldwide. TBI has been associated with factors such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis, which are believed to be mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor. Two NMDA receptor antagonists, ketamine and memantine, have shown potential in mitigating the pathophysiological effects of TBI.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To conduct the study, a controlled cortical impact model was used to induce TBI in rats. The rats with TBI were then divided into three groups: a group receiving only TBI, a group receiving TBI along with memantine, and a group receiving TBI along with ketamine. After 24 hr, the levels of oxidative stress markers (such as SOD, MDA, and total thiol) in the brain tissue were measured. Immunohistochemical staining was also performed seven days after TBI to assess the activation of glial cells and the TLR-4/NF-κB neuroinflammatory pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated that treatment with memantine led to a reduction in MDA levels and an increase in SOD and total thiol levels. Memantine also decreased astrogliosis and down-regulated the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway. On the other hand, ketamine increased the levels of anti-oxidant markers but did not significantly affect the MDA level. Additionally, ketamine decreased the expression of NF-κB seven days after TBI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggest that NMDA receptor antagonists, such as ketamine and memantine, may have therapeutic effects on TBI by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 2","pages":"181-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11756730/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis with a focus on molecular mechanisms: A systematic review.","authors":"Niusha Kazemi, Elham Ramazani, Zahra Tayarani-Najaran","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.78924.17090","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.78924.17090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adipogenesis, the process of proliferation of adipocyte progenitor cells and their differentiation into mature adipocytes, plays a critical role in the development of obesity. In this context, exploring the effects of phytochemicals on adipogenesis is very promising, as nowadays, they are widely used as food, drink, or supplement and can significantly impact general health and obesity control. This systematic review attempts to evaluate new findings regarding the molecular mechanisms of different phytochemicals on adipogenesis in <i>in vitro</i> models. Between 2010 and July 2023, a comprehensive systematic search of PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted. The following keywords were used: (\"adipogenic\") AND (\"inhibit\" OR \"suppress\" OR \"reduce\" OR \"anti\" OR \"decrease\") AND (\"cell\" OR \"cell line\" OR \"adipocyte\") AND (\"phytochemical\" OR \"plant\" OR \"herb\"). In this review, 109 studies were comprehensively analyzed, which provided important insights into the process of adipogenesis. Among the numerous transcription factors studied, PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c were found to be the most important regulators actively involved in adipocyte differentiation. These results highlight the critical role of these factors in the control of adipogenesis and suggest that they represent promising targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at reducing the excessive lipid accumulation associated with obesity. This study provides a compelling rationale for further exploring phytochemicals as potential therapeutics for treating obesity. The potential benefits of using natural products to influence adipogenesis are evident, and future studies should focus on translating these findings into clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"409-425"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre- and post-traumatic boric acid therapy prevents oxidative stress-mediated neuronal apoptosis in spinal cord injury.","authors":"Turan Kandemir, Ibrahim Sogut, Zeki Serdar Ataizi, Betul Can, Aysegul Oglakci-Ilhan, Dilek Burukoglu-Donmez, Gungor Kanbak","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81531.17649","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijbms.2024.81531.17649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In our study, the neuroprotective efficacy of pre- and post-traumatic applications of boric acid (BA) in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury (SCI) was investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The experimental animals were divided into four groups: control group (C), SCI group (SCI), BA-treated group before SCI (BA+SCI), and BA-treated group after SCI (SCI+BA). Forty-eight hours after SCI, biochemical levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and cytochrome c (Cytc) and caspase-3 (Casp3) expressions were measured in the spinal cord tissues and were examined histologically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After SCI, oxidative stress markers, such as MDA, TOS, and OSI, and apoptosis markers Cytc and Casp3 showed an increase in levels compared to Group C. The oxidative stress markers that increased after SCI decreased with BA+SCI application, while Cytc level, one of the apoptosis markers that increased after SCI, decreased in both groups with BA application. Cell, myelin, ependymal damage, and hemorrhage levels increased after SCI compared to Group C. These histological markers increased after SCI and decreased after BA+SCI. BA was found to reduce SCI-induced oxidative stress and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BA administered before SCI was shown to be more effective in protecting neural damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 4","pages":"444-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication and assessment of ethosomes for effective transdermal delivery of loxoprofen.","authors":"Sarah Jabbar Abd Alhur, Hasanain Shakir Mahmood","doi":"10.22038/ijbms.2025.84183.18206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22038/ijbms.2025.84183.18206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To formulate and evaluate ethosomes for the transdermal delivery of loxoprofen, a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fifteen ethosomal formulations were created via thin-film hydration and probe sonication techniques, with variations in the amounts of egg yolk lecithin, ethanol, cholesterol (CHOL), Tween 80 (TW80), and propylene glycol (PG). The formulations were assessed for their particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), pH, and entrapment efficiency (EE). Field scanning electron microscopy (FSEM) was utilized to evaluate their morphology. The <i>in vitro</i> drug release and <i>ex vivo</i> permeability of the ethosomal formulations were evaluated against those in a hydroethanolic drug solution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The formulation labeled F14, comprising 1% loxoprofen, 1% egg yolk lecithin, 30% ethanol, 5% propylene glycol, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) up to 25 ml, was recognized as an optimized ethosomal formulation. These ethosomes demonstrated an average size of 164.2±19 nm, a PDI of 0.280±0.028, a ZP of +45.1±4.5 mV, and an EE of 96.8±0.43%. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> tests demonstrated that the ethosomal formulation (F14) showed superior drug release and penetration rates compared to a conventional hydroalcoholic solution. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) study showed that loxoprofen was completely trapped within ethosomes. On the other hand, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study confirmed that the drug and the additives did not interact.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The current study revealed that loxoprofen can be effectively delivered transdermally via the ethosomal system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14495,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences","volume":"28 6","pages":"728-738"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12057754/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}