Iranian Journal of Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9-Induced Fam83h Knock-out Leads to Impaired Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway and Altered Expression of Tooth Mineralization Genes in Mice.","authors":"Sherko Nasseri, Sara Parsa, Zakaria Vahabzadeh, Babak Baban, Mohammad Bagher Khademerfan, Bahram Nikkhoo, Mohammad Rastegar Khosravi, Saman Bahrami, Fardin Fathi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.391902.3673","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.391902.3673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental enamel formation is a complex process that is regulated by various genes. One such gene, Family With Sequence Similarity 83 Member H (Fam83h), has been identified as an essential factor for dental enamel formation. Additionally, Fam83h has been found to be potentially linked to the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of the Fam83h knockout gene on mineralization and formation of teeth, along with mediators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a development aspect in mice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>To confirm the Fam83h-KnockOut mice, both Sanger sequencing and Western blot methods were used. then used qPCR to measure the expression levels of genes related to tooth mineralization and formation of dental root, including Fam20a, Dspp, Dmp1, Enam, Ambn, Sppl2a, Mmp20, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway mediators, in both the Fam83h-Knockout and wild-type mice at 5, 11 and 18 days of age. also the expression level of Fgf10 and mediators of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway was measured in the skin of both Knockout and wild-type mice using qPCR. A histological assessment was then performed to further investigate the results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant reduction in the expression levels of Ambn, Mmp20, Dspp, and Fgf10 in the dental root of Fam83h-Knockout mice compared to their wild-type counterparts was demonstrated by our results, indicating potential disruptions in tooth development. Significant down-regulation of CK1a, CK1e, and β-catenin in the dental root of Fam83h-Knockout mice was associated with a reduction in mineralization and formation-related gene. Additionally, the skin analysis of Fam83h-Knockout mice revealed reduced levels of Fgf10, CK1a, CK1e, and β-catenin. Further histological assessment confirmed that the concurrent reduction of Fgf10 expression level and Wnt/β-catenin genes were associated with alterations in hair follicle maturation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The concurrent reduction in the expression level of both Wnt/β-catenin mediators and mineralization-related genes, resulting in the disruption of dental mineralization and formation, was caused by the deficiency of Fam83h. Our findings suggest a cumulative effect and multi-factorial interplay between Fam83h, Wnt/Β-Catenin signaling, and dental mineralization-related genes subsequently, during the dental formation process.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introns and Their Therapeutic Applications in Biomedical Researches.","authors":"Aliakbar Haddad-Mashadrizeh, Mahdi Mirahmadi, Mohammad Ehsan Taghavizadeh Yazdi, Nazanin Gholampour-Faroji, Ahmadreza Bahrami, Alireza Zomorodipour, Maryam Moghadam Matin, Mohsen Qayoomian, Neda Saebnia","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.334488.3316","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.334488.3316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>Although for a long time, it was thought that intervening sequences (introns) were junk DNA without any function, their critical roles and the underlying molecular mechanisms in genome regulation have only recently come to light. Introns not only carry information for splicing, but they also play many supportive roles in gene regulation at different levels. They are supposed to function as useful tools in various biological processes, particularly in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Introns can contribute to numerous biological processes, including gene silencing, gene imprinting, transcription, mRNA metabolism, mRNA nuclear export, mRNA localization, mRNA surveillance, RNA editing, NMD, translation, protein stability, ribosome biogenesis, cell growth, embryonic development, apoptosis, molecular evolution, genome expansion, and proteome diversity through various mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>In order to fulfill the objectives of this study, the following databases were searched: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO, Open Access Journals, and Google Scholar. Only articles published in English were included.</p><p><strong>Results & conclusions: </strong>The intervening sequences of eukaryotic genes have critical functions in genome regulation, as well as in molecular evolution. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of how introns influence genome regulation, as well as their effects on molecular evolution. Moreover, therapeutic strategies based on intron sequences are discussed. According to the obtained results, a thorough understanding of intron functional mechanisms could lead to new opportunities in disease diagnosis and therapies, as well as in biotechnology applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Networks Analysis of <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> Reveals New Insights on Key Genes Involved in Response to Low Water Activity.","authors":"Nafiseh Davati, Abozar Ghorbani, Elham Ashrafi-Dehkordi, Thomas P Karbanowicz","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.387696.3640","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.387696.3640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>When <i>Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium</i>, a foodborne bacterium, is exposed to osmotic stress, cellular adaptations increase virulence severity and cellular survival.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the gene network analysis of <i>S. Typhimurium</i> was to provide insights into the various interactions between the genes involved in cellular survival under low water activity (a_w).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We performed a gene network analysis to identify the gene clusters and hub genes of <i>S. Typhimurium</i> using Cytoscape in three food samples subjected to a_w stress after 72 hours.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The identified hub genes of <i>S. Typhimurium</i> belonged to down-regulated genes and were related to translation, transcription, and ribosome structure in the food samples. The <i>rpsB</i> and <i>Tig</i> were identified as the most important of the hub genes. Enrichment analysis of the hub genes also revealed the importance of translation and cellular protein metabolic processes. Moreover, the biological process associated with organonitrogen metabolism in milk chocolate was identified. According to the KEGG pathway results of gene cluster analysis, cellular responses to stress were associated with RNA polymerase, ribosome, and oxidative phosphorylation. Genes encoding RNA polymerase activity, including <i>rpoA</i>, <i>rpoB</i>, and <i>rpoZ</i>, were also significantly identified in the KEGG pathways. The identified motifs of hub DEGs included EXPREG_00000850, EXPREG_00000b00, EXPREG_000008e0, and EXPREG_00000850.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results of the gene network analysis, the identified hub genes may contribute to adaptation to food compositions and be responsible for the development of low water stress tolerance in <i>Salmonella</i>. Among the food samples, the milk chocolate matrix leads to more adaptation pathways for <i>S. Typhimurium</i> survival, as more hub genes were down-regulated and more motifs were detected. The identified motifs were involved in carbohydrate metabolism, carbohydrate transport, electron transfer, and oxygen transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of the Key Characteristics of the Genus <i>Mentha</i>, Natural Compounds and Biotechnological Approaches for the Production of Secondary Metabolites.","authors":"Shirin Yousefian, Fazileh Esmaeili, Tahmineh Lohrasebi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.380485.3605","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.380485.3605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Context: </strong>The genus <i>Mentha</i> is one of the most aromatic and well-known members of the Lamiaceae family. A wide range of bioactive compounds has been reported in mints. Regarding the high economic importance of <i>Mentha</i> plants due to the presence of valuable metabolites, the demand for their products is growing exponentially. Therefore, to supply such demand, new strategies should be adopted to improve the yield and medicinal quality of the products.</p><p><strong>Evidence acquisition: </strong>The current review is written based on scientific literature obtained from online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science regarding the characteristic features of some species of the genus <i>Mentha</i>, their distribution and cultivation, main uses and benefits, phytochemical composition, biotechnological approaches for the production of secondary metabolites, and strategies for enhanced production of mints secondary metabolites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this article, we offer an overview of the key characteristics, natural compounds, biological properties, and medicinal uses of the genus <i>Mentha</i>. Current research describes biotechnological techniques such as <i>in vitro</i> culture methods for the production of high-value secondary metabolites. This review also highlights the strategies such as elicitation, genetic, and metabolic engineering to improve the secondary compounds production level in mint plants. Overall, it can be concluded that identifying the biosynthetic pathways, leading to the accumulation of pharmaceutically important bioactive compounds, has paved the way for developing highly productive mint plants with improved phytochemical profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis of Polylactic acid/Fe₃O₄@β-Cyclodextrin Nanofibrous Nanocomposite Loaded with <i>Ferulago Angulata</i> Extract as a Novel Nano-biosorbent: Evaluation of Diazinon Removal and Antibacterial Activity.","authors":"Roya Behrooz, Dadkhoda Ghazanfari, Nahid Rastakhiz, Enayatollah Sheikhhosseini, Sayed Ali Ahmadi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.392864.3682","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.392864.3682","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Organophosphate pesticides are one of the most extensively applied insecticides in agriculture. These insecticides persist in the environs and thereby cause severe pollution problems. Iron oxide polymer nanocomposites are wastewater remediation agents synthesized by various methods. When compared to chemical processes, green synthesis using plant extract is thought to be more cost- and environmentally-friendly.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the green synthesis of Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-Cyclodextrin (Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD) nanoparticles using &lt;i&gt;Ferulago angulata&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;F. angulata&lt;/i&gt;) methanol extract. These nanoparticles are loaded on polylactic acid (PLA) nanofibrous nanocomposite along with &lt;i&gt;Ferulago angulata&lt;/i&gt; extract (2, 4, and, 6wt %) to produce PLA/Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD/&lt;i&gt;F. angulata&lt;/i&gt; extract nanofibrous nanocomposite as a new nano biosorbent. Furthermore, the antibacterial properties of this compound and its activity in diazinon removal have been evaluated.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD nanoparticles synthesis was performed via co-precipitation method using FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;.6H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and FeCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.4H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O and β-cyclodextrin, and Ferulago angulata extract. Then polylactic acid/ Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@β-CD / F. angulate.extract nanofibrous nanocomposite was prepared by the electrospinning method. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the structure of the nanocomposite. The antibacterial activity of this nanocomposite against several fish and human bacterial pathogens, as well as its effectiveness in diazinon elimination, have been evaluated in the sections that follow.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The nanocomposite structure demonstrated that Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles were produced and put into the polylactic acid matrix with an average particle size of 40 nm. Furthermore, the results showed that this nanocomposite exhibited removal efficiency of diazinon over 80% after 120 minutes under pH=7 and 2.5 gr.L&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; nanocomposite concentration. Also, this structure showed above 70% antibacterial ability against Bacillus cereus, &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus epidermidis&lt;/i&gt; and 60% antibacterial ability against &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus iniae&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Yersinia ruckeri&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; nanocomposite synthesis may be accomplished in a delicate and efficient manner by using Ferulago angulata to produce Fe&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;@-CD nanoparticles. The stability of the nanoparticles was enhanced by combining &lt;i&gt;Ferulago angulata&lt;/i&gt; extract with polylactic acid nanofibers to create an antibacterial homocomposition nanocomposite. This device may be used to remove and dis","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804066/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of a New Compound (4-Fluoro-2-Trifluoromethyl Imidazole) Extracted from a New Halophilic <i>Bacillus aquimaris</i> Strain Persiangulf TA2 Isolated from the Northern Persian Gulf with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Effect.","authors":"Sara Taghavi, Effat Abbasi Montazeri, Roya Zekavati, Laleh Roomiani, Parvaneh Saffarian","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.338788.3359","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.338788.3359","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;The unique ecosystem of the Persian Gulf has made it a rich source of natural antimicrobial compounds produced by various microorganisms, especially bacteria, which can be used in the treatment of infectious diseases, especially those of drug-resistant microbes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objectives: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aimed to identify antimicrobial compounds in the bacteria isolated from the northern region of the Persian Gulf in Abadan (Chavibdeh port), Iran, for the first time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Sampling was performed in the fall on November 15, 2019, from 10 different stations (water and sediment samples). The secondary metabolites of all isolates were extracted, and their antimicrobial effects were investigated. 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing was used for the identification of the strains that showed the best inhibition against selected pathogens, and growth conditions were optimized for them. A fermentation medium in a volume of 5000 mL was prepared to produce the antimicrobial compound by the superior strain. The extracted antimicrobial compounds were identified using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined for the superior strain. The effects of salinity, pH, and temperature on the production of antimicrobial compounds were determined by measuring the inhibitory region (mm) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Four new strains with antimicrobial properties (i.e., &lt;i&gt;Halomonas&lt;/i&gt; sp. strain Persiangulf TA1, &lt;i&gt;Bacillus aquimaris&lt;/i&gt; strain Persiangulf TA2, &lt;i&gt;Salinicoccus roseus&lt;/i&gt; strain Persiangulf TA4, and &lt;i&gt;Exiguobacterium profundum&lt;/i&gt; strain Persiangulf TA9) were identified. The optimum growth temperatures were determined at 37-30, 37, and 40 °C for TA1 and TA2, TA4, and TA9 strains, respectively. The optimum pH values for the four strains were 7, 6-7, 7.5, and 6.5-7.5, respectively. The optimal salt concentrations for the four strains were 15%, 2.5-5%, 7.5%, and 5%, respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of strain Persiangulf TA2 showed extensive antimicrobial activity against human pathogens (75%) and MRSA. The most abundant compound identified in TA2 extract was the new compound 4-fluoro-2-trifluoromethyl imidazole. The MBC and MIC for the ethyl acetate extract of strain TA2 were 20 and 5 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus&lt;/i&gt;), 40 and 20 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (MRSA, &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt;), 40 and 10 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt;), and 80 and 40 mg. mL&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus epidermidis&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Shigella&lt;/i&gt; sp., &lt;i&gt;Bacillus cereus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;), respectively. The optimal conditions for antibiotic production by TA2 strain were 5% salt concentration, pH of 7, and temperature of 35 °C.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804065/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Identification of <i>Juglans Regia</i> Endophyte LTL-G3, Its Antifungal Potential and Bioactive Substances.","authors":"Yuanru Hao, Jianchao Hui, Tianyu Du, Xiangrui Ge, Meizhi Zhai","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.352005.3450","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.352005.3450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endophyte is one of the potential biocontrol agents for inhibiting plant pathogens. However, the mechanisms and characteristics involved in the inhibition of different phytopathogenic fungi by endophytes, especially walnut endophytes, are still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to identify the walnut endophytic fungus LTL-G3 from a genetic point of view, assess the strain's antifungal activity, and determine the bioactivities of the substances it produces against plant pathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The homologous sequence of strain LTL-G3 was examined, and typical strains of the <i>Trichoderma virens</i> group were used to build NJ phylogenetic trees and analyze the taxonomic position of the strain. The biocontrol agent's antagonistic potential for many plant pathogenic fungi. By using silica gel G chromatography, the active components of the strain were separated and purified. The active components were identified using GC-MS and NMR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The strain LTL-G3 was identified as <i>Trichoderma virens</i>. Its fermentation and secondary metabolite extracts had a broad spectrum and strong inhibitory effect on the spread of six plant pathogens (<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, <i>Gloeosporium fructigenum</i>, <i>Phytophthora capsici</i>, <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i>, and <i>Valsa mali</i>) evaluated, of which, its inhibition rate against <i>Valsa mali</i> reached 76.6% (fermentation extract) and 100% (ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts). On silica gel G chromatography, bioactive compounds were divided into 6 fractions and 7 sub-fractions. Fr.2-2 was the sub-fraction that showed the greatest inhibitory against <i>V. mali</i>, as an inhibition percentage of 89.36% in 1 mg. mL^-1. Fifteen key inhibitory chemicals identified using GC-MS. By examining the NMR data, the chemical make-up of the precipitated white solid was identified. The inhibition rate against V. mali increased by over 95% at a dosage of 1 mg. mL^-1, indicating a significant linear association between compound A and that rate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The strain LTL-G3 can be applied as an efficient biological control agent against <i>V. mali</i>, and its highly inhibitive secondary metabolites provide the mechanism for this action.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of Essential Oil Production and Expression of Some Menthol Biosynthesis-Related Genes in <i>Mentha piperita</i> Using Cyanobacteria.","authors":"Ali Akbar Ghotbi-Ravandi, Zeinab Shariatmadari, Hossein Riahi, Seyedeh Batool Hassani, Fatemeh Heidari, Majid Ghorbani Nohooji","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.368377.3550","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.368377.3550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Mentha piperita</i> L. is one of the most important aromatic crops and is cultivated worldwide for essential oils (EOs).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of two cyanobacteria, <i>Anabaena vaginicola</i> ISB42 and <i>Nostoc spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> ISB65, as biological-elicitors to improve the growth and essential oil production of <i>M. piperita</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this experiment, inoculation of <i>M. piperita</i> with cyanobacteria was performed by adding 1% cyanobacterial suspension to the soil of treated pots on the first time of planting and every 20 days thereafter. The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design in an experimental greenhouse condition. After 90 days planting, the vegetative growth factors, the content of photosynthetic pigments, as well as the quantity and quality of EOs of treated and control plants were evaluated. Also, quantitative changes in the expression of some menthol biosynthesis-related genes were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cyanobacterial application led to significant increases in <i>M. piperita</i> growth indices including root and shoot biomass, leaf number, leaf area, node number and ramification, as well as photosynthetic pigments content. The statistical analysis showed a 41-75 % increase in some of these growth indices, especially in Nostoc-treated plants. <i>A. vaginicola</i> and <i>N. spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> inoculation led to a 13% and 25% increase in the EOs content of <i>M. piperita</i>, respectively. The EOs components were also affected by cyanobacterial treatments. According to the statistical analysis, Nostoc-treated plants showed the highest amount of (-)-menthone and (-)-limonene, with a 2.36 and 1.87-fold increase compared to the control. <i>A. vaginicola</i> and <i>N. spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> inoculation also led to 40% and 98% increase in transcript level of (-)-limonene synthase gene, respectively. The expression of the (-)-menthone reductase gene, was also increased by 65% and 55% in response to <i>A. vaginicola</i> and <i>N. spongiaeforme</i> var. <i>tenue</i> application, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our data demonstrated that in addition to growth enhancement, these two heterocystous cyanobacteria improved the quantity and quality of EOs by up-regulating the key genes involved in the menthol biosynthetic pathway. Based on our results, these cyanobacteria can be considered valuable candidates in the formulation of low-cost and environmentally friendly biofertilizers in sustainable peppermint production.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on Circular RNA Expression Profiles in the Photoaging Mouse Model.","authors":"Qian Li, Mengbi Lin, Yalin Xie, Jie Zhang, Wei Lai","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.351439.3445","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2023.351439.3445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nude mouse has been widely used to study photoaging induced by long-term chronic UV exposure. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been previously identified in several diseases. However, the roles of circRNAs in photoaging and potential regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify specific circRNAs differentially expressed in photoaged skin and investigate their potential role in aging.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, we screened out the microarray data to profile the expression of circRNAs. The circRNAs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) biological pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36 circRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed between the UV group and control group (fold change > 1.5; P < 0.05), including 6 upregulated and 30 downregulated circRNAs. GO and KEGG biological pathway analyses indicated that the changes in circRNAs were associated with cancer, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This present study revealed a circRNAs expression profiling <i>in vivo</i>. These findings not only provide a new possibility to prevent the occurrence of photoaging but also have therapeutic values for photoaging and associated skin diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10804062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139545487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> Gluten Degradation Using Recombinant Eurygaster Integriceps Prolyl Endoprotease: Implications for Celiac Disease.","authors":"Effat Noori, Mojgan Bandehpour, Mohammad Reza Zali, Bahram Kazemi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2023.347693.3420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30498/ijb.2023.347693.3420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-sensitive chronic autoimmune enteropathy. A strict life-long gluten-free diet is the only efficient and accepted treatment until now. However, maintaining a truly gluten-free status is both difficult and costly, often resulting in a social burden for the person. Moreover, 2 to 5 percent of patients fail to improve clinically and histologically upon elimination of dietary gluten. Therefore, novel therapeutic approaches, including gluten degrading enzymes, are an unmet need of celiac patients.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the function of sunn pest prolyl endoprotease for gluten and gliadin hydrolysis in vitro.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The spPEP was expressed as a recombinant protein in <i>E. coli BL21 (DE3)</i>, and its catalytic activity was assessed by SDS-PAGE and RP-HPLC analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Production of a 100-kDa spPEP protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and western blot analysis. Also, we demonstrate that spPEP efficiently degrades gluten and α-gliadin (30-40 kDa) in vitro under conditions similar to the GI and is resistant to pepsin and trypsin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The gathered data demonstrated that spPEP might be a novel candidate for Oral Enzymatic Therapy (OET) in CD and other gluten-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10858359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139722614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}