Iranian Journal of Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of Green Synthesis Formulation of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) Using Peach Tree Leaf Extract and Investigating its Properties and Stability.","authors":"Sepideh Shayan, Donya Hajihajikolai, Fateme Ghazale, Fatemeh Gharahdaghigharahtappeh, Amirhossein Faghih, Omid Ahmadi, Gity Behbudi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.413943.3786","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.413943.3786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are highly sought after in diverse industries for their distinct properties and advantages. SeNPs can be synthesized via several methods, including the use of microwave, bain-marie, autoclave, and heater.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective is to optimize the SeNP synthesis formulation, emphasizing stability, concentration, particle size minimization, and uniformity using central composite design.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The method involves autoclave heating at 121 °C under 1.5 bar pressure for 15 minutes. Prunus persica tree leaf extract and Aloe Vera gel serve as a regenerating agent and stabilizer, respectively. Four responses including SeNPs concentration, average particle size, zeta potential, and dispersion index (PDI), were assessed according to the experimental design. The optimal synthesis point was determined and evaluated for SeNP imaging, antioxidant, and antifungal properties.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicate that the optimal SeNPs formulation includes 5.73 mL of Prunus persica tree leaf extract, 13.45 mL of sodium selenite salt solution, and 0.80 mL of Aloe Vera gel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimal formulation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) achieved in this study, using Prunus persica tree leaf extract as a reducing agent and Aloe Vera gel as a stabilizer, demonstrates superior properties including high stability, a small average particle size, and a favorable zeta potential. These characteristics make the SeNPs well-suited for applications requiring enhanced antioxidant and antifungal activities. The findings underscore the importance of optimizing synthesis parameters to maximize the functional properties of SeNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 3","pages":"e3786"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Induced by Viral Sense, Anti-sense, and Hairpin Constructs Against Beet Curly Top Virus and Beet Curly Top Iran Virus.","authors":"Razieh Montazeri, Mohammad Ali Malboobi, Masoud Shams-Bakhsh","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.425159.3831","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.425159.3831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>RNA silencing-based antiviral breeding is a promising strategy for developing virus-resistant plants.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study employed viral sense, anti-sense, and hairpin constructs to induce resistance against beet curly top virus (BCTV) and beet curly top Iran virus (BCTIV).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>For this purpose, a 120-bp conserved sequence of Rep- and C2-BCTV and a 222-bp conserved sequence of CP-, Reg-, and MP-BCTIV were selected for construct production. The efficiency of constructs was investigated in transient expression in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> and sugar beet plants and stable expression in <i>N. benthamiana</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In transient expression, all designed constructs induced effective resistance to BCTV and BCTIV; the hairpin constructs were more effective against both viruses. The stability of the achieved resistance by hairpin constructs was also confirmed in the T1 generation of transgenic plants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed that employing conserved coding sequences of BCTVs leads to effective resistance against BCTVs infection. The lack of protein production from transgene and degradation of its transcript due to the gene silencing mechanism makes this method safe for biosecurity. In stable transformation, the inheritance of induced resistance against BCTVs was confirmed in the T1 generation. These advantages make this mechanism commercially useful for the production of resistant plants to viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 3","pages":"e3831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682523/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Trichostatin-A Modifies the Expression of Trichothecene Mycotoxin Regulatory Gene <i>Tri5</i> in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>.","authors":"Shiva Amin, Saeed Rezaee, Amir Mousavi, Hamidreza Zamanizadeh","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.437331.3872","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.437331.3872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is the causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) on wheat and produces deoxynivalenol (DON), known to cause extreme human and animal toxicosis. This species' genome contains genes involved in plant-pathogen interactions and regulated by chromatin modifications. Moreover, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs), including trichostatin A (TSA), have been employed to study gene transcription regulation because they can convert the structure of chromatin.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of TSA on histone deacetylase (<i>HDAC</i>) and, trichodiene synthase (<i>Tri5</i>) gene expression in toxigenic and non-toxigenic <i>F. graminearum</i> isolates.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The mycelia were grown on potato dextrose broth (PDB) culture media supplemented with two concentrations of TSA and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (3 and 10 µg. mL^-1) for 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h. Then, the mRNA levels were estimated via real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that the levels of <i>HADC</i> and <i>Tri5</i> varied over time and dosage in response to the use of TSA. The toxigenic isolate showed an increase in the <i>Tri5</i> expression when treated with TSA, with the highest levels monitored when the concentration of the substance was 3 µg. mL^-1 at 48 h. The non-toxigenic isolate also showed high levels of <i>HDAC</i> and <i>Tri5</i> expression in the presence of TSA, but a sharp decrease in the <i>Tri5</i> transcription was observed at 72 h when grown on culture media containing 10 µg. mL^-1 of TSA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, our results suggest a mode of DON biosynthesis regulation in <i>F. graminearum</i> by chromatin modifications that may help us offer new strategies for tackling fungal infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 3","pages":"e3872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142907004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Primary Tritipyrum Lines in Comparison with Bread Wheat Varieties and Triticale Lines using SCoT Markers.","authors":"Marzia Rezai, S Ebrahim Seifati, Afagh Tabandeh Saravi, Hossein Shahsavand Hasani","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.447932.3889","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.447932.3889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triticale and tritipyrum as a new artificial cereal were investigated as potential stress-resistant alternatives within the Triticeae tribe due to their notable adaptability to environmental stresses.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The first purpose of this study was to determine the genetic variation of 14 genotypes on physiological traits in arid and semi-arid climate of Yazd province on primary trans chromosomal tritipyrum (PTCT) lines, promising triticale lines, and Iranian and Afghan bread wheat cultivars, and the second purpose was to investigate the genetic diversity and classification of genotypes using start codon targeted (SCoT) markers.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The photosynthesis pigments, proline, and catalase enzyme activity of 14 genotypes were determined. Also, genomic DNA of 10 genotypes was extracted using a modified CTAB protocol. The 13 primers were set-up for PCR and the studied parameters were analyzed with Excel, GenAlEx6.5, POPGen32, and STRUCTURE software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on 14 amphidiploids, Triticale 4115 and PTCT line (Ka/b) (Cr/b) F₂ had the greatest carotenoids and photosynthesis pigments values. Proline content was highest in PTCT lines (Ka/b) (Cr/b) F₂, triticale line 4115, and La(4B/4D)/b. The PTCT lines La/b and Az/b showed the highest (0.34) and lowest (0.04) average catalase, respectively. The investigation of genetic diversity in physiological traits related to the arid and semi-arid climate conditions of Yazd province showed that there is a great diversity between the genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 3","pages":"e3889"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LncRNA U731166 Increases the Accumulation of TGFBR1 by Sponging miR-3607-3p in Esophageal Squamous-Cell Carcinomas (ESCC) to Promote Tumor Metastasis.","authors":"Mingbo Wang, Meng Wang, Chao Huang, Yonggang Zhu, Fan Zhang, Wenda Gao, Zhenhua Li, Liangbiao Peng, Ziqiang Tian, Chao Gao, Xingpeng Han","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.343750.3391","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.343750.3391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) U731166 and microRNA (miR)-3607-3p are two ncRNAs with critical roles in cancer biology, while their involvement in esophageal squamous-cell carcinomas (ESCC) is unclear. We predicted that U731166 and miR-3607-3p might interact with each other. This study aimed to investigate their role and interaction in ESCC.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study was therefore conducted to explore the involvement of U731166 and miR-3607-3p in ESCC, with a focus on the interaction between them.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Paired ESCC and non-tumor tissue samples were recruited from 72 ESCC patients. By RT-Qpcr, level of U731166 and miR-3607-3p in paired tissues was measured. By RNA-RNA pulldown assay, the direct interaction between U731166 and miR-3607-3p was detected. U731166 overexpression or miR-3607-3p overexpression was performed to investigate their role in regulating the expression of each other. By RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis, the role of U731166 and miR-3607-3p in regulating the level of TGFBR1 was assessed. By Transwell assays, cell invasion and migration were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to non-tumor tissues, U731166 was highly upregulated in ESCC, while miR-3607-3p was downregulated in ESCC. U731166 and miR-3607-3p directly interacted with each other, but they are not closely correlated and did not regulate the level of each other. Moreover, U731166 reversed the role of miR-3607-3p in downregulating TGFBR1 and inhibiting cancer cell invasion and migration. U731166 and miR-3607-3p were closely associated with patients' tumor metastasis but not tumor size.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>U731166 may upregulate TGFBR1 by sponging miR-3607-3p in ESCC cells to promote tumor metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 3","pages":"e3391"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682522/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Heat Shock Proteins Are More Effective in Enhancing Recombinant Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity than Bacterial Ones <i>In Vitro</i>.","authors":"Minjae Jung, Yunjin Park, Yeh-Jin Ahn","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.442517.3878","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.442517.3878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recombinant proteins produced in the cell factories are used in biological research, pharmaceutical production, and biochemical and agricultural applications. Molecular chaperones, such as heat shock proteins (Hsps), are co-expressed with recombinant proteins to enhance their yield, stability, and activity. When <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is used as a cell factory, <i>E. coli</i> Hsps are the frequently used co-expression partners.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We examined if there are differences in the molecular chaperone activities of plant and bacterial Hsps on recombinant protein activity. We compared the effects of the Hsps from carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i>) and <i>E. coli</i> on enhancing the recombinant alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and solubility under normal and heat conditions <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>His-tagged carrot Hsps (DcHsp17.7 and DcHsp70), <i>E. coli</i> Hsps (IbpA, IbpB, and DnaK), and ADH from a thermophile <i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i> were individually cloned in a pET11a or a pET26b vector, introduced into <i>E. coli</i> BL21(DE3), and expressed by isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside treatment (0.5 mM, 16 °C , 20 h). The recombinant proteins were purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and resolved in SDS-PAGE (17%). The recombinant ADH was treated with the individual Hsps or in combination, and the enzyme activity was examined by measuring the NADH product levels at O.D.₃₄₀.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The recombinant ADH was expressed at high levels in <i>E. coli</i> and very thermotolerant when the purified enzyme reacted (up to 70 °C). All five Hsps enhanced the ADH activity under normal and heat conditions <i>in vitro</i>, compared to the control. DcHsp17.7 and DcHsp70 were the most effective for improving the enzyme activity by up to 13.0- and 11.6-fold, respectively, followed by IbpA (8.4-fold), DnaK (6.5-fold), and IbpB (3.4-fold), at 37 °C . Combined incubation of DcHsp17.7-DcHsp70 and DcHsp17.7-DnaK further enhanced the ADH activity by 13.8 and 14.2-fold, respectively. DcHsp70 effectively enhanced ADH's solubility at 37 °C <i>in vitro</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that plant Hsps can enhance recombinant protein activity, such as ADH, more effectively than their bacterial counterparts. Identifying effective molecular chaperones in the bacterial and eukaryotic domains will help enhance the production of recombinant proteins in <i>E. coli</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 3","pages":"e3878"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11682524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142906966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In-Silico</i> Method for Predicting Pathogenic Missense Variants Using Online Tools: AURKA Gene as a Model.","authors":"Eric Jonathan Maciel-Cruz, Luis Eduardo Figuera-Villanueva, Liliana Gómez-Flores-Ramos, Rubiceli Hernández-Peña, Martha Patricia Gallegos-Arreola","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.413800.3787","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.413800.3787","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>In-silico</i> analysis provides a fast, simple, and cost-free method for identifying potentially pathogenic single nucleotide variants.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To propose a simple and relatively fast method for the prediction of variant pathogenicity using free online <i>in-silico</i> (IS) tools with <i>AURKA</i> gene as a model.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We aim to propose a methodology to predict variants with high pathogenic potential using computational analysis, using <i>AURKA</i> gene as model. We predicted a protein model and analyzed 209 out of 64,369 <i>AURKA</i> variants obtained from Ensembl database. We used bioinformatic tools to predict pathogenicity. The results were compared through the VarSome website, which includes its own pathogenicity score and the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) classification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 209 analyzed variants, 16 were considered pathogenic, and 13 were located in the catalytic domain. The most frequent protein changes were size and hydrophobicity modifications of amino acids. Proline and Glycine amino acid substitutions were the most frequent changes predicted as pathogenic. These bioinformatic tools predicted functional changes, such as protein up or down-regulation, gain or loss of molecule interactions, and structural protein modifications. When compared to the ACMG classification, 10 out of 16 variants were considered likely pathogenic, with 7 out of 10 changes at Proline/Glycine substitutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This method allows quick and cost-free bulk variant screening to identify variants with pathogenic potential for further association and/or functional studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 2","pages":"e3787"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364922/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased Expression Level of Human Blood Clotting Factor VIII Using NS0 Cell Line as a Host Cells.","authors":"Mahboobeh Zarei, Elaheh Ferdosi-Shahandashti, Mohsen Badalzadeh, Gholam Ali Kardar","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.409915.3772","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.409915.3772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is applied for spontaneous hemorrhaging inhibition and excessive bleeding after trauma in patients with hemophilia A. High-quality human recombinant factor VIII (rFVIII) has been produced relatively in large quantities in cultured mammalian cells. NS0 is one of the most common mammalian cell lines for therapeutic protein production. Production of rFVIII has increased due to low FVIII expression levels and rising demand for hemophilia A prophylactic treatment. Several methods have been developed to prevent cell cycle progression in mammalian cells for increased recombinant protein yields.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the level of recombinant BDD-FVIII expression in NS0 mouse myeloma cells. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the effects of chemical drugs, Mitomycin C, Lovastatin, and Metformin on the secretion of FVIII through cell cycle arrest.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We cultured NS0 cells and transfected them with the 2 μg pcDNA3-hBDDFVIII plasmid by Lipofectamine 3000. The cells were treated with 10 μg.mL^-1 Mitomycin C, 20 μM Lovastatin, and 20 mM Metformin separately. After 24 and 48 hours, the samples were collected and, protein expression was analyzed using RT-PCR, Dot blot, and ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A higher protein expression level was observed in treated cells 24h and 48h after treatment with all three drugs. According to real-time PCR, Metformin treatment resulted in the highest expression level within 24 h (P=0.0026), followed by Mitomycin C treatment within 48 h (P=0.0030).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The NS0 cell line can be regarded as a suitable host for FVIII production. FVIII protein expression level was increased by using Lovastatin, Metformin, and Mitomycin C drugs. Further investigations are suggested, and the potential application of these drugs to increase recombinant protein yield can be used to produce therapeutic proteins in the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 2","pages":"e3772"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Development of Biosensors for Monitoring of Airborne Microorganisms.","authors":"Zahra Mousavian, Ensieh Fahimi-Kashani, Vahidreza Nafisi, Nafiseh Fahimi-Kashani","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.399314.3722","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.399314.3722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The early detection of infectious microorganisms is crucial for preventing and controlling the transmission of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of biosensors based on various diagnostic methods for measuring airborne pathogens.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This article aims to explore recent advancements in the field of biosensors tailored for the detection and monitoring of airborne microorganisms, offering insights into emerging technologies and their potential applications in environmental surveillance and public health management.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study summarizes the research conducted on novel methods of detecting airborne microorganisms using different biological sensors, as well as the application of signal amplification technologies such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunoassay reactions, molecular imprinted polymers (MIP) technique, lectin and cascade reactions, and nanomaterials.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Antibody and PCR detection methods are effective for specific microbial strains, but they have limitations including limited stability, high cost, and the need for skilled operators with basic knowledge of the target structure. Biosensors based on MIP and lectin offer a low-cost, stable, sensitive, and selective alternative to antibodies and PCR. However, challenges remain, such as the detection of small gas molecules by MIP and the lower sensitivity of lectins compared to antibodies. Additionally, achieving high sensitivity in complex environments poses difficulties for both methods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The development of sensitive, reliable, accessible, portable, and inexpensive biosensors holds great potential for clinical and environmental applications, including disease diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and point-of-care testing, offering a promising future in this field. This review presents an overview of biosensor detection principles, covering component identification, energy conversion principles, and signal amplification. Additionally, it summarizes the research and applications of biosensors in the detection of airborne microorganisms. The latest advancements and future trends in biosensor detection of airborne microorganisms are also analyzed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 2","pages":"e3722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Cloning of the Extracellular Lipases of <i>Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens</i> Isolated from Agrifood Wastes.","authors":"Zahra Khodakarami Fard, Alireza Shirazinejad, Mohsen Mohammadi, Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi","doi":"10.30498/ijb.2024.417315.3797","DOIUrl":"10.30498/ijb.2024.417315.3797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The lipase enzyme (EC: 3.1.1.3) is one of the most important catalysts in food, dairy, detergent, and textile industries.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was performed to identify, isolate and characterize of lipase producing bacterial strain from agrifood wastes and to identify and characterize of their lipase genes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In the present study, two lipase-producing isolates were identified from the effluent of Golbahar meat products and Soveyda vegetable oil factories using in silico and <i>in vitro</i> approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of morphological, biochemical, and molecular characterizations showed that both lipase-producing isolates belong to the <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> species. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the results of phenotypic, biochemical, and molecular characterizations. The results showed differences between LipA and LipB in the Golbahar and Soveyda isolates. Three different amino acids (residues 14, 100, and 165) were observed in LipA and one different amino acid (residue 102) was detected in LipB extracellular lipases. The protein molecular weight of the two extracted lipases ranged from 20 to 25 kDa. The identified extracellular lipases also had different physicochemical features. The maximum lipase activity of the Golbahar and Soveyda isolates was observed at 45 °C and at the pH of 8, but the Golbahar isolates exhibited higher lipase activity compared to the Soveyda isolates. The Golbahar and Soveyda isolates exhibited different activities in the presence of some ions, inhibitors, denaturing agents, and organic solvents and the Golbahar isolates showed better lipase activity than the Soveyda isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, two extracellular lipase-producing isolates of <i>B. amyloliquefaciens</i> were identified from different food industries, and their characteristics were investigated. The results of various investigations showed that the lipases produced by the Golbahar isolate have better characteristics than the lipases of the Soveyda isolate. The Golbahar lipases have a suitable temperature and pH activity range and maintain their activity in the presence of some ions, inhibitors, denaturing agents, and organic solvents. After further investigation, the Golbahar isolate lipase can be used in various industries. In addition, this lipase can be used enzyme engineering processes and its activity can be arbitrarily changed by targeted mutations. The results of this study can increase our knowledge of extracellular lipases and may turn out to have industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14492,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Biotechnology","volume":"22 2","pages":"e3797"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}