International Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Novel findings of corneal neural features in FBN1-related marfan syndrome.","authors":"Bing Xiao, Yiyuan Ma, Ke Zheng, Siyuan Liu, Sijie Chen, Xinyu Zhang, Danying Zheng, Guangming Jin","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04265-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04265-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate corneal subbasal nerve plexus alterations in genetically confirmed FBN1-related Marfan syndrome (MFS) using in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional case-control study included patients with genetically confirmed FBN1-related MFS and healthy controls. Corneal imaging was performed using IVCM, and six representative images of the subbasal nerve plexus were analyzed with ACCMetrics software. Quantitative parameters included corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve total branch density (CTBD), corneal nerve fiber area (CNFA), corneal nerve fiber width (CNFW), and corneal nerve fractal dimension (CNFraD). Between-group differences were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Age-stratified analyses and interaction models adjusted for sex were used to examine the consistency of group effects across age categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>49 participants were included (30 MFS, 19 controls). Compared with controls, patients with MFS showed significantly reduced CNFL, CNFD, CNBD, CTBD, CNFA, and CNFraD (all P < 0.001), while CNFW did not differ between groups (P = 0.33). Similar reductions were observed in both <18 and ≥18 years subgroups, with no significant group-by-age interaction. Qualitative abnormalities included reduced corneal nerve density with simplified branching, microneuroma-like terminal enlargements, and hyper-reflective deposits adjacent to nerve fibers and the epithelial basement membrane.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FBN1-related MFS is associated with significant quantitative and morphological alterations of the corneal subbasal nerve plexus. Corneal nerve assessment using IVCM may provide a noninvasive marker of microstructural involvement in this systemic connective tissue disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148930061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Switching from preserved to preservative-free artificial tears and short-term change in dry eye symptoms and signs: a prospective self-controlled clinic cohort.","authors":"Mengmeng Yang, Caihong Liu, Le Yang, Hongxue Zhuang, Jiujun Song","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04217-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04217-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Artificial tears are first-line treatment for dry eye disease, but the clinical value of removing preservative exposure in routine practice remains incompletely defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective, self-controlled, single-center observational study was conducted from January to June 2025. Adults with symptomatic dry eye who had used preserved artificial tears for at least 30 days underwent a routine-care switch to preservative-free tears and were followed at baseline, week 2, and week 6. The primary endpoint was change in full OSDI at week 6, analyzed with linear mixed-effects models using all available repeated data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 140 patients were enrolled and 137 completed the week-6 primary-endpoint visit. Mean OSDI decreased from 38.7 ± 14.9 at baseline to 24.3 ± 13.2 at week 6; the model-based mean change was - 14.1 points (95% CI, - 16.5 to - 11.7; p < 0.001). TBUT increased from 4.8 ± 1.9 s to 6.9 ± 2.3 s, with a mean change of +2.1 s (95% CI, 1.7 to 2.5; p < 0.001). Ninety-one of 137 completers (66.4%) achieved an OSDI improvement of at least 10 points. Oxford staining improved and Schirmer I increased modestly but significantly.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this prospective self-controlled clinic cohort, switching from preserved to preservative-free artificial tears was associated with statistically significant and clinically meaningful short-term symptom improvement and supportive ocular-surface sign changes. However, the absence of a continuation control and concurrent formulation or bottle changes precludes attributing these improvements to preservative removal alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of compression dressing on postoperative outcomes after upper eyelid blepharoplasty: a randomized, controlled, observer-blinded evaluation study.","authors":"Fatma Poslu Karademir, Selvihan Sağdıç Özçelik, Ayşe Çetin Efe, Mehmet Göksel Ulaş, İsmail Diri, Muhittin Taşkapılı","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04233-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04233-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a compression dressing on postoperative pain, ocular surface changes, edema, ecchymosis, and aesthetic outcomes following upper eyelid blepharoplasty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observer-blinded, randomized, controlled trial included 112 eyelids from 56 patients who underwent bilateral upper eyelid blepharoplasty between June and August 2025. After surgery, one eyelid received a compression dressing (CD), while the other eyelid received no dressing (ND). Edema and ecchymosis were graded by masked observers on postoperative days 1, 7, 30, and 90. Aesthetic outcomes were evaluated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Score. Pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale, and patient comfort was assessed by side preference.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On postoperative day 1, ecchymosis scores were significantly lower in the CD group than in the ND group (unadjusted p = 0.002; Holm-adjusted p = 0.012). Edema scores were also lower on the CD side (unadjusted p = 0.012) and aesthetic scores were higher (unadjusted p = 0.046); however, neither difference remained statistically significant after Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons (adjusted p = 0.060 and p = 0.138, respectively). No significant differences were observed in any parameter on postoperative days 7, 30, or 90 (all adjusted p > 0.05). Corneal staining scores were comparable between groups at all follow-ups, and no corneal erosions were observed. Pain scores on day 1 were similar (p = 0.977).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compression dressing after upper eyelid blepharoplasty was associated with a significant reduction in early postoperative ecchymosis, an effect that persisted after correction for multiple comparisons. Reductions in edema and improvements in aesthetic scores were observed on postoperative day 1 but did not remain statistically significant after adjustment. Overall, the benefits of compression dressing were limited in magnitude and transient, and routine use may not be necessary; its application should be individualized according to patient needs.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT07701265 (retrospectively registered on July 8, 2026).</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the visual and optical outcomes after different corneal refractive surgeries for asymmetric corneal astigmatism.","authors":"Yi Zhang, Dongling Gu, Ruifeng Ji, Qiang Wang, Vishal Jhanji, Riping Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04267-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04267-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare visual and optical outcomes after selective corneal wavefront aberration-guided femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (CW-FS-LASIK), aspheric aberration-free femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (AF-FS-LASIK), and small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) in patients with asymmetric corneal astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective comparative study included 269 patients (269 eyes) who underwent CW-FS-LASIK (67 eyes), AF-FS-LASIK (69 eyes), or SMILE (133 eyes) for myopia with asymmetric corneal astigmatism. Asymmetric corneal astigmatism was defined as an inferior-superior (I-S) dioptric difference of at least 1.00 D within the central 3 mm anterior corneal zone on the anterior sagittal curvature map. Visual and refractive outcomes, functional optical zone (FOZ), decentration, and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) at analysis diameters of 4 and 6 mm were compared at 1 month postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics were comparable among the three groups except for sex distribution. At 1 month, visual and refractive outcomes were comparable, and no significant difference in decentration was observed. FOZ was larger in the SMILE group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). At the 4 mm analysis diameter, postoperative total HOAs and total coma were lower in the CW-FS-LASIK group. At the 6 mm analysis diameter, induced total coma was lowest in the CW-FS-LASIK group, whereas induced spherical aberration was lowest in the SMILE group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All three procedures achieved similarly favorable early visual and refractive outcomes in eyes with asymmetric corneal astigmatism. CW-FS-LASIK showed lower corneal coma, but its clinical relevance remains uncertain and requires further validation with patient-reported outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of corneal transplant rejection following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.","authors":"Natalie E Allen, Rachael L Niederer, Akilesh Gokul, Jie Zhang, Anna Casey, Georgia Tippett, Charles N J McGhee","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04261-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04261-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To determine the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination on risk of corneal transplant rejection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All corneal transplants performed in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ), between January 2010 and December 2022 were included. Demographic, clinical, and surgical characteristics were recorded, along with COVID-19 vaccination and infection history. Time to corneal transplant rejection was analysed using Weibull survival regression with clustered standard errors at the graft level to account for repeated events and time-varying covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1183 corneal transplants were performed in 926 patients, with a median age of 52 years (IQR 32-70); 47.5% were female. The median follow-up was 11.7 years ± 3.8. Within 3 months following COVID-19 vaccination, 1.1% of corneal transplants were rejected; within the same period following COVID-19 infection, 2.3% of transplants rejected. Overall, 277 transplants (23.4%) experienced rejection. On multivariable analysis, COVID-19 vaccination within 3 months was associated with elevated rejection risk (HR 1.834, p = 0.012), while COVID-19 infection within 3 months carried the greatest risk (HR 3.533, p < 0.001). Corneal transplant rejection was associated with significantly worse visual acuity follow-up (rejection median 20/160, no rejection 20/70, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 vaccination and infection were independently associated with an increased likelihood of corneal transplant rejection, with infection conferring the greatest risk. These findings suggest that systemic immune activation induced by SARS-CoV-2 immunisation may disrupt the delicate balance of transplant immunity and tolerance. This is the first large cohort study demonstrating an independent association between recent COVID-19 infection, vaccination, and increased risk of corneal graft rejection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of retinal microcirculation in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a subgroup analysis based on asymptomatic organ damage.","authors":"Güvenç Toprak, Muhammet Fatih Bayraktar, Muhammet Nur Öğün, Taha Sezer, Bayram Meydan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04270-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04270-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the impact of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity on retinal microvascular alterations in hypertensive individuals and to determine whether the presence of asymptomatic organ damage (AOD) further modulates these ocular changes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 102 hypertensive participants who underwent overnight polysomnography were classified into three groups based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): non-OSAS (n=34), mild OSAS (n=36), and moderate-severe OSAS (n=32). All subjects underwent optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) to evaluate foveal superficial and deep capillary densities (FovSupMVD, FovDepMVD), foveal avascular zone (FAZ), and choroidal thickness. Among OSAS patients, AOD status was determined based on left ventricular mass index, carotid intima-media thickness, and microalbuminuria. Comparative and correlation analyses were performed to assess the influence of OSAS severity and AOD presence on retinal microcirculatory parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant reduction in both FovSupMVD and FovDepMVD was observed with increasing OSAS severity (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), while FAZ size remained unchanged. Although overall retinal thickness parameters were largely similar among groups, RTn differed significantly between groups (p = 0.044). Interestingly, temporal and nasal choroidal thickness increased significantly in the moderate-severe OSAS group (p = 0.006 and p = 0.005). Although AOD was associated with higher systemic vascular markers (e.g., carotid thickness, LVMI, microalbuminuria), OCTA parameters did not differ significantly between AOD-positive and AOD-negative patients (all p > 0.05). No significant interaction was found between OSAS severity and AOD on OCTA measures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retinal microvascular impairment in hypertensive OSAS patients was found to be strongly associated with OSAS severity, whereas the presence of AOD did not appear to contribute additional effects. These findings suggest that chronic intermittent hypoxia inherent to OSAS may play a primary role in retinal microvascular disruption. Retinal vessel density may have potential as a non-invasive biomarker of microvascular dysfunction in hypertensive patients with OSAS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of CSF pressures, OCT parameters, and transorbital ultrasonographic measurements in ıdiopathic ıntracranial hypertension.","authors":"Mert Göbel, Hacı Ali Erdoğan, İbrahim Acır, Hülya Ertaşoğlu Toydemir, Ertuğrul Toka, Aslı Vural, Vildan Yayla","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04263-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04263-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure, predominantly seen in obese women. IIH presents with symptoms such as headache, vision loss, and papilledema, requiring early diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of non-invasive methods, including transorbital ultrasonography (TOUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), by measuring parameters such as optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in IIH diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 31 patients diagnosed with IIH (29 women, 2 men) and 31 healthy controls.Query ONSD measurements were performed using TOUS before and after lumbar puncture (LP) in patients. Additionally, OCT was used to measure RNFLT, ganglion cell complex (GCC), and retinal thickness. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, ROC curve, and correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ONSD measurements in the patient group were significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001). A marked decrease in ONSD was observed post-LP (p < 0.001). OCT measurements showed that RNFLT was significantly thicker in the patient group compared to controls (p < 0.001). In patients with papilledema, RNFLT was higher than in those without papilledema. A moderate positive correlation was found between ONSD and RNFLT (R = 0.59, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>ONSD measured by TOUS and RNFLT assessed by OCT are reliable non-invasive methods for diagnosing IIH. These techniques can reduce the need for invasive procedures like LP, enhancing patient comfort. Our study contributes to the literature by providing cut-off values for ONSD and RNFLT and supports their effectiveness in early IIH diagnosis. Validation of these findings through future studies with larger patient groups is essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Optimization of Puerarin-loaded Proniosomal gel for topical ocular delivery: an in vitro and ex vivo evaluation.","authors":"Shubham N Kanawade, Harish R Pawar, Salim G Patel, Pradip S Pawde, Ravindra B Laware, Dhruv R Vikhe, Rahul R Kunkulol","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04258-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04258-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The present study aimed to develop and optimize puerarin-loaded proniosomal gel for topical ocular delivery in dry eye disease (DED), overcoming poor corneal permeability, rapid precorneal elimination, and frequent dosing limitations of conventional ophthalmic formulations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Proniosomal gels were prepared using Span 60, cholesterol, Gelucire 44/14, lecithin and Carbopol 974P by coacervation-phase separation method. A three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize three independent variables amount of Span 60 (X1), cholesterol (X2), and Gelucire 44/14 (X3) with entrapment efficiency (EE%) and vesicle size as dependent responses. The goal of the proposed formulation was to achieve maximum EE% and minimum vesicle size as critical quality attributes (CQAs). EE%, vesicle size, PDI, zeta potential, pH, viscosity and drug content were characterized for all formulations. Freshly excised goat corneas were used for the ex vivo transcorneal permeation, while physicochemical stability was assessed during six months according to ICH Q1A(R2) guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Batch PF17 was optimized based upon desirability score of 1.0 showed EE% 81.62 ± 1.14%, vesicle size 248.4 ± 6.18 nm, PDI of 0.288 ± 0.013, zeta potential - 33.2 ± 1.62 mV and drug content 99.24 ± 0.68%. PF17 showed highest transcorneal flux of 220.13 ± 5.24 μg/cm²/h and a permeation enhancement ratio of 3.29 compared to plain puerarin eye drops. Stability studies indicated a reduction of EE% of less than 2.99% under accelerated condition for six months and within the acceptable limit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Puerarin-loaded proniosomal gel is a promising, stable ocular drug delivery platform demonstrating enhanced ex vivo transcorneal permeation relevant to sustained management of DED. As the present findings are limited to in vitro and ex vivo evaluation, ocular bioavailability was not directly assessed and requires confirmation through future in vivo pharmacokinetic, corneal retention, and biodistribution studies before clinical translation can be established.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance of iris vascular structure to obesity: an anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography study.","authors":"Selma Beyatli, Ibrahim Ethem Ay, Tugce Horozoglu Ceran, Yigit Senol, Seray Yorukoglu Kayabas","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04268-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04268-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To quantitatively evaluate iris and limbal vascular density using anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (AS-OCTA) in pediatric and adult participants across different body mass index (BMI) categories and to investigate the potential effects of obesity on anterior segment microcirculation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cross-sectional study included 300 participants: 200 adults (≥ 19 years) and 100 children (4-17 years). Adult participants were classified according to the World Health Organization BMI criteria, whereas pediatric participants were categorized using age- and sex-specific BMI-for-age percentiles. Iris and limbal vascular density were measured using AS-OCTA in the superotemporal, superonasal, inferonasal, and inferotemporal quadrants. Adult and pediatric groups were analyzed separately.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences in iris or limbal vascular density were observed among BMI categories in adults (all P > 0.05). Likewise, iris vascular density did not differ significantly among BMI-for-age categories in children. However, limbal vascular density differed significantly in the superotemporal (P = 0.014) and inferotemporal (P = 0.040) quadrants in the pediatric group. Post hoc analysis demonstrated a significant difference only between the normal-weight and obese groups in the superotemporal quadrant, whereas no significant pairwise differences were identified in the inferotemporal quadrant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Obesity was not associated with widespread alterations in anterior segment vascular density in adults, whereas localized limbal vascular differences were observed in children. These findings suggest that obesity-related anterior segment microvascular changes may be region-specific and age-dependent. Larger longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the clinical significance of these findings and to determine the potential role of AS-OCTA in the assessment of obesity-related ocular microvascular alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre- and post-COVID-19 changes in retinal disease patterns in Türkiye: insights from a tertiary hospital.","authors":"Ozlem Candan, Gözde Orman, Nurten Ünlü, Güner Uney, Dudu Deniz Acar, Ayse Burcu","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04269-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04269-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of common retinal diseases in Türkiye during 2017-2023 and to characterize age and gender-specific differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center, hospital-based study included 475,865 adults presenting to an ophthalmology outpatient clinic. The study period was divided into pre-pandemic (January 2017-March 2020), acute pandemic (March-June 2020), and post-pandemic (June 2020-July 2023) phases. Patient age, gender, diagnoses, and major complications were recorded. The primary outcomes were defined as changes in the prevalence of common retinal diseases and their complications before and after the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 475,865 adults, 10,131 (2.13%) were diagnosed with a retinal disease. Age-related macular degeneration was the most prevalent disease, with prevalence increasing from 0.99% in the pre-pandemic period to 1.23% in the post-pandemic period (P < .001). Diabetic retinopathy was the second most common and remained stable across the pandemic periods (0.95% and 0.97%; P = .395). Diabetic macular edema (DME) exhibited a notable increase, particularly among patients aged ≥ 50 years (from 16.68 to 26.72%; P < .001). Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) ranked third, with prevalence rising from 0.17% before the pandemic to 0.25% after (P < .001). The proportion of patients with DME secondary to RVO requiring injection increased from 38.2% in the pre-pandemic period to 43.8% in the post-pandemic period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This large-scale longitudinal study demonstrated significant changes in the epidemiology of several retinal diseases across the pre- and post-pandemic periods in Türkiye. However, the mechanisms underlying these changes remain uncertain and need to be clarified through future multicenter population-based studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}