International Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The protective role of quercetin in cataract lenses and its mechanisms related to the hippo signaling pathway.","authors":"Sheng Miao, Zhuxian Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03782-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03782-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To elucidate whether the quercetin mitigates cataract pathology by modulating the Hippo signaling pathway and to determine the functional consequences of Hippo activation or inhibition on lens protection and epithelial-cell proliferation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A network-pharmacology strategy was first used to pinpoint cataract-related targets and their enriched pathways, nominating quercetin as the top Hippo-associated compound. In vivo, a UVB-induced cataract mouse model received quercetin with or without the Hippo activator α-hederin. Lens opacity, histopathology, oxidative stress parameters (MDA, GSH, SOD), and expression levels of Hippo signaling and proliferation/apoptosis markers were systematically evaluated. In vitro, H₂O₂-injured mouse lens epithelial cells (LECs) were treated analogously; proliferation was quantified by CCK-8, and pathway proteins by western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Network analysis highlighted the Hippo pathway as the most significantly enriched cataract pathway, with quercetin showing the strongest Hippo-target overlap. In cataract mice, quercetin reduced lens opacification, restored histo-architecture, lowered MDA, and elevated GSH and SOD. Concomitantly, p-MST1, p-YAP and TAZ levels fell, whereas Ki-67 and BCL-2 rose and BAX and Cleaved Caspase-3 declined, indicating Hippo inactivation and enhanced epithelial survival. α-Hederin re-activated Hippo signaling, reversed quercetin's biochemical improvements and lens protection. Quercetin similarly promoted proliferation and inhibited Hippo signaling in H₂O₂-injured LECs, effects reversed by α-hederin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Quercetin appears to alleviate lens damage and promote epithelial cell proliferation in cataracts, possibly through the modulation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Reactivation of this pathway seems to attenuate some of the protective effects, indicating that suppression of the Hippo pathway may contribute to these outcomes. These findings suggest that quercetin holds potential as a therapeutic agent for cataracts, although further research is required to fully elucidate its underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amniotic membrane transplantation for macular holes: decoding the optimal approach-inlay or overlay?","authors":"Yali Liu, Li Zhou, Zhouli Tan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03761-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03761-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>No consensus has been reached on the treatment of refractory/recurrent macular holes (MHs), chronic MHs, or highly myopic MHs. Although amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) has been extended from ocular surface surgery to MH treatment, the comparative advantages of inlay versus overlay application of human amniotic membrane (hAM), as well as the impact of different preparation and preservation methods, remain controversial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of recent literature on AMT for MHs was conducted, categorizing applications and summarizing critical surgical considerations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Current studies indicate: Inlay AMT is suitable for complex MHs, providing mechanical support, while overlay AMT promotes better healing. Preparation methods (e.g., freeze-dried vs. fresh amniotic membrane) may affect biological activity. Surgical approaches should be tailored based on MH type, disease duration, and individual patient factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AMT offers a novel approach to MH treatment, but standardized patient selection criteria and surgical techniques require further refinement. This review provides valuable insights for clinicians in optimizing surgical strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Initial strabismus surgery in patients with thyroid eye disease: outcomes and dose-response in various types of procedure.","authors":"Shiyu Tang, Minghao Chen, Yun Wen, Mengya Han, Xinyue Yu, Jingya Zhu, Jianhua Yan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03784-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03784-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Research on strabismus surgery for Thyroid Eye Disease (TED) is limited, with insufficient data on surgical dose-response. This study aimed to assess outcomes and dose-response in initial strabismus surgeries using a large TED sample.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of TED patients undergoing initial strabismus surgery (2013-2023) at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center included data on demographics, ocular deviation, motility, surgical techniques, and outcomes. Surgeries involved rectus recession and tenotomy, with traction sutures (TS) applied for deviations > 35 prism diopters (PD). Success was defined as no diplopia and deviation ≤ 10 PD horizontally, ≤ 5 PD vertically. Dose-response (deviation change per mm rectus recession, DPR) and influencing factors were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 104 patients, rectus recession had a 70.65% success rate, while tenotomy achieved 12.5%. Success was highest for superior rectus (SR) recession (88.00%), followed by inferior rectus (IR) (70.00%) and medial rectus (MR) (38.46%). Two-muscle recessions succeeded in 55.56%. In single rectus recession with TS, DPR for IR, SR, and MR was 6.96 ± 2.18, 5.92 ± 1.14, and 9.78 ± 5.80 PD/mm, respectively, versus 4.26 ± 0.78, 3.95 ± 0.83, and 3.86 ± 0.29 PD/mm without TS. Preoperative deviation significantly affected DPR, especially in IR/SR surgeries (P < 0.001). Simultaneous MR recession did not alter IR/SR DPR in TS (P = 0.266) or non-TS (P = 0.138) groups. However, in non-TS cases, IR/SR recession impacted MR DPR (P = 0.034), but this effect was absent with TS (P = 0.741).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single rectus recession achieves high success for TED vertical strabismus, with TS enhancing correction. Preoperative deviation is key to dose-response, while vertical recession influences horizontal dose-response when deviation is < 35PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced retinal blood vessel segmentation via loss balancing in dense generative adversarial networks with quick attention mechanisms.","authors":"Daria Sandeep, K Baranitharan, A Padmavathi, Loganathan Guganathan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03754-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03754-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Manual segmentation of retinal blood vessels in fundus images has been widely used for detecting vascular occlusion, diabetic retinopathy, and other retinal conditions. However, existing automated methods face challenges in accurately segmenting fine vessels and optimizing loss functions effectively. This study aims to develop an integrated framework that enhances vessel segmentation accuracy and robustness for clinical applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proposed pipeline integrates multiple advanced techniques to address the limitations of current approaches. In preprocessing, Quasi-Cross Bilateral Filtering (QCBF) is applied to reduce noise and enhance vessel visibility. Feature extraction is performed using a Directed Acyclic Graph Neural Network with VGG16 (DAGNN-VGG16) for hierarchical and topologically-aware representation learning. Segmentation is achieved using a Dense Generative Adversarial Network with Quick Attention Network (Dense GAN-QAN), which balances loss and emphasizes critical vessel features. To further optimize training convergence, the Swarm Bipolar Algorithm (SBA) is employed for loss minimization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method was evaluated on three benchmark retinal vessel segmentation datasets-CHASE-DB1, STARE, and DRIVE-using sixfold cross-validation. The proposed approach achieved consistently high performance with mean results of accuracy: 99.87%, F1- score: 99.82%, precision: 99.84%, recall: 99.78%, and specificity: 99.87% across all datasets, demonstrating strong generalization and robustness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The integrated QCBF-DAGNN-VGG16-Dense GAN-QAN-SBA framework advances the state-of-the-art in retinal vessel segmentation by effectively handling fine vessel structures and ensuring optimized training. Its consistently high performance across multiple datasets highlights its potential for reliable clinical deployment in retinal disease detection and diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trypan blue staining for fungal keratitis diagnosis: a comparative study in rural India.","authors":"Tanmay Nikhil Gokhale, Joveeta Joseph, Varsha M Rathi, Savitri Sharma, Bhupesh Bagga","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03749-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03749-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Fungal keratitis is a significant public health concern in rural areas, where access to advanced healthcare facilities is limited. This study aims to evaluate and compare the sensitivity and specificity of trypan blue (0.06%) with 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and Gram stain in the diagnosis of fungal keratitis in a resource-poor setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center, unmasked, comparative, cross-sectional study at a rural secondary center in south India from April to September 2023. All patients with clinically diagnosed microbial keratitis who presented to the clinic were enrolled, and the corneal scrapings from the infiltrate were collected on three slides and stained with Gram stain, 10% KOH, and 0.06% Trypan blue in a random sequence, and assessed for the presence of fungal filaments. Cases showing fungal filaments on any one of the 3 slides, were enrolled in the study, while the rest were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total 86 /108 patients with fungal keratitis were enrolled. The rate of detection of fungal filaments was 96.5% with Gram stain, 83.7% with 10% KOH, and 85.9% with Trypan Blue. Sensitivity was found to be 88%, specificity 66.67%, positive likelihood ratio 2.64 (95% C.I 0.53,13) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.18 (95% C.I. 0.07,0.49) for Trypan blue. The concordance between Trypan Blue and KOH stain was 77.3% (Cohen's kappa = 0.17), and between Trypan Blue and Gram stain was 87.21% (Cohen's kappa = 0.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Trypan blue staining technique seems to provide a reliable, easy to learn alternative for the detection of fungal filaments in the diagnosis of fungal keratitis, particularly in resource-poor settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverted internal limiting membrane flap technique for full-thickness macular holes in Black Africans.","authors":"Elie Nziyomaze, Sylvain El-Khoury, Ines Mudakikwa, Lazare Izabayo, David Ngabo, Livin Uwemeye, Theophile Tuyisabe, Ahmed Sallam, Michael Mikhail","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03757-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03757-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the outcomes of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap 'flower-petal' surgical technique for the treatment of full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) in patients from Rwanda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective consecutive case series of all cases of FTMH that underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) surgery with inverted ILM flap technique between April 2022 and March 2023 at the Kabgayi Eye Unit. The primary outcome was the anatomical success defined as FTMH closure. The secondary outcome was the change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before surgery and at final visit, termed as ΔBCVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of ninety-eight eyes of ninety-eight patients (65% females) were included in the analysis. Mean patient age was 61.3 ± 15.7 years (range 7-82). Mean follow-up duration was 8.9 ± 4.2 months (range 2-15). Mean minimum linear diameter (MLD) was 549 ± 315 µm (range 50-2150). Postoperative macular hole closure rate was 93%. Mean BCVA improved from 1.24 ± 0.37 logMAR (range 0.4-2) to 0.95 ± 0.50 logMAR (range 0-3; p-value < 0.001). Most patients (56%) underwent PPV only, while in the remainder PPV was combined with phacoemulsification cataract surgery. SF6 gas was the most commonly used postoperative tamponade (37%), followed by C3F8 (36%) and C2F6 (27%). Postoperative complications were encountered in 6 cases (6%), the most common being eccentric macular holes (5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inverted ILM flap technique for FTMH in a Black African population demonstrated a high anatomical success rate. Our results will guide future management practices for the Black African ethnicity where FTMH outcomes are notoriously worse.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion with traditional Chinese medicine.","authors":"Chao Bi, Yeqiang Shi","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03750-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03750-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal vein occlusion (RVO), ranking second only to diabetic retinopathy as a cause of vision loss, imparts substantial morbidity through its disruption of retinal blood flow. This review scrutinizes the complex etiology of RVO, encompassing thrombotic incidents, hemodynamic imbalances, and the inflammatory cytokine milieu. The prevailing clinical strategies for RVO, predominantly anti-VEGF interventions and corticosteroid therapies, exhibit limitations, notably the requirement for frequent injections and potential induction of ocular hypertension. We underscore the growing interest in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) as a complementary approach to conventional treatments, using its holistic approach to address RVO's circulatory and inflammatory roots. TCM's methodology, inclusive of diverse herbal compounds and acupuncture, suggests potential in augmenting retinal blood flow and regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Emerging clinical evidence points to TCM's efficacy in enhancing visual acuity and diminishing the requisite frequency of anti-VEGF injections for RVO treatment. It is necessary for further research to elucidate the mechanisms of action of TCM components and to optimize their integration into RVO treatment protocols. As our comprehension of RVO's complex pathophysiology expands, the integration of TCM into modern ophthalmic practice may offer a more personalized and comprehensive approach to RVO management, holding promise for improved visual preservation and quality of life for affected patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of autoantibody profiles with clinical parameters in exfoliative glaucoma patients.","authors":"Ryan Potter, Marcelo Ayala, Andreas Tilevik","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03783-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-025-03783-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) is characterized by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) caused by fibrous deposits obstructing aqueous humor drainage, traditionally emphasizing mechanical factors. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationships between clinical parameters and autoimmune activity in exfoliative glaucoma (XFG) patients, and identify patterns of autoantibody reactivity among patient subgroups with differing levels of overall autoimmune activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed serum autoantibody profiles against 92 antigens in 116 XFG patients using an xMAP suspension bead array. Spearman correlation analysis and PERMANOVA were applied to evaluate relationships between autoantibody reactivity and clinical parameters in glaucoma management. Hierarchical clustering was used to identify clusters of patients based on overall autoantibody reactivity levels, and network analysis using shortest path mapping was utilized to explore potential connections among the proteins associated with the antigens used in this study and other proteins not targeted in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant positive correlations were found between the clinical parameter SE and autoantibodies targeting the proteins LOXL3, CYP39A1, and HYOU1. Clustering analysis revealed distinct subgroups of patients with differing overall autoantibody reactivity levels, notably showing significant negative correlations between broad autoantibody profiles and CCT exclusively within the subgroup characterized by higher autoimmune activity. Network analysis identified CTNNB1 as a prominent multi-path intermediary connecting disparate proteins, highlighting potential common regulatory pathways.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies novel correlations between clinical parameters and autoimmune activity in XFG, suggesting refractive changes and corneal structural characteristics may be influenced by specific immune mechanisms. These findings underscore the value of integrating immunological profiling with clinical glaucoma assessments, potentially enhancing patient stratification and identifying possible therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"404"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12494623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2 inhibitors for delaying diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saba Goodarzi, Faezah Soltani Abhari, Gelareh Azarinoush, Mohammd Ali Rafiei, Hessam Yousefian, Ehsan Heidari, Edris Ekramipour, Afshin Mirzaei, Kosar Namakin, Arman Shafiee","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03768-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03768-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), necessitating effective interventions to prevent disease progression. This systematic review was conducted to evaluate the potential role of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors as predictive factors of DR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was conducted up to December 8, 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting DR outcomes among SGLT2 inhibitor users compared to other glucose-lowering therapies were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen cohort studies involving over 400,000 participants were included. SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of DR progression compared to other treatments (HR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67-0.85; p < 0.001), despite substantial heterogeneity (I² = 82.89%). Subgroup analyses showed significant benefits over DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, and Sulfonylureas. For incident DR, pooled data from eight studies demonstrated a modest but significant risk reduction (HR: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.79-0.97; p = 0.01; I² = 74.9%). Subgroup analysis indicated benefit over DPP-4 inhibitors but not over GLP-1 RAs or placebo. No publication bias was detected (Egger's test p = 0.76), and sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SGLT2 inhibitors significantly reduce the progression and incidence of diabetic retinopathy, underscoring their potential as a key component in comprehensive diabetes management. Further high-quality, long-term randomized trials are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"406"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145212621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative efficacy of subretinal and intravitreal conbercept injections in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.","authors":"Kaiyuan Xu, Xiaojun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03747-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03747-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the clinical efficacy of subretinal versus intravitreal conbercept injections in the treatment of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, single-center study, 102 consecutive PCV patients treated between July 2022 and October 2023 were divided into two groups based on the injection regimen: subretinal injections (n = 55, 1 + PRN regimen) and intravitreal injections (n = 47, 3 + PRN regimen) of conbercept. Comprehensive assessments-including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA)-were performed at baseline and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Outcome measures included changes in BCVA, macular retinal thickness (MRT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), pigment epithelial detachment (PED) height, number of injections, and polyp regression rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Over the 12-month follow-up, the subretinal injection group showed significantly greater improvement in BCVA (Month 12: 0.21 ± 0.23 logMAR vs. 0.49 ± 0.42 logMAR; P < 0.001). Additionally, reductions in MRT, SFCT, and PED height were significantly more pronounced in the subretinal group compared with the intravitreal group (all P < 0.001). The subretinal group also required fewer injections (1.82 ± 0.94 vs. 3.85 ± 2.11; P < 0.001) and achieved a significantly higher rate of polyp regression (69.1% vs. 42.6%; P = 0.007). No significant ocular or systemic complications were reported in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Subretinal conbercept provides superior and more durable anatomical and functional outcomes compared to intravitreal injection in patients with PCV. It also reduces treatment burden and enhances lesion regression, supporting its potential as a promising alternative therapeutic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145199295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}