International Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Repeatability and agreement of a Scheimpflug-Placido tomography and a Partial Coherence Interferometer in keratoconus and control eyes.","authors":"Yaprak Özkan, Nesrin Büyüktortop Gökçınar","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03474-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03474-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the repeatability and agreement of anterior segment measurements obtained using a partial coherence interferometry-based optical biometry device (AL-Scan) and a combined Scheimpflug-Placido disc corneal topography device (Sirius) in keratoconic and control eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white distance (WTW), and keratometry values were measured in keratoconic and control eyes using the AL-Scan and Sirius. The agreement, repeatability, and reliability of the measurements were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 82 keratoconus patients (82 eyes) and 100 healthy subjects (100 eyes). The mean CCT and ACD values measured by Sirius were significantly higher than those measured by AL-Scan in both groups (p < 0.001). WTW measurements did not differ significantly between devices (p > 0.05). In control eyes, keratometric values showed no significant differences between devices, whereas in keratoconic eyes, almost all keratometric values were significantly different. Reliability was excellent for all parameters in both devices (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.9). Repeatability was excellent for all parameters in both devices (coefficient of variation [CoV] < 1%), except for CCT in keratoconic eyes (CoV < 3%). CONCLUSıONS: Both the AL-Scan and Sirius provide highly repeatable and reliable measurements in both healthy and keratoconic eyes. However, in keratoconic eyes, agreement between the two devices is poor for all parameters except WTW.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of tear and serum clusterin levels in thyroid ophthalmopathy patients.","authors":"Mehmet Balbaba, Fatih Ulaş, Zehra Nur Nahırsüren Tarım, Hakan Yıldırım, Faruk Kılınç, Nevin İlhan, Mehmet Canleblebici, Murat Erdağ, Mithat Mızrak","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03501-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03501-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate tear and serum clusterin levels in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 21 patients with Graves disease with TED, 20 patients with Graves disease without TED, and 21 healthy control subjects matched for sex and age. Clusterin and lysozyme C levels of tear and serum were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and autoantibody (anti thyroid peroxidase, anti thyroglobulin and TSH receptor antibody) levels were measured in all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean concentrations of tear clusterin and lysozyme C levels were 15.99 ± 4.07 ng/mL and 54.54 ± 27.58 ng/mL in Graves patients with TED, 26,28 ± 15,98 ng/mL and 50,13 ± 46,59 ng/mL in Graves patients without TED, and 55,53 ± 45,99 ng/mL and 44,86 ± 27,42 ng/mL in control subjects, respectively. The mean concentrations of serum clusterin and lysozyme C levels were 23.15 ± 4.25 ng/mL and 93.14 ± 51.38 ng/mL in Graves patients with TED, and 26.73 ± 15.93 ng/mL and 74.22 ± 55.73 ng/mL in Graves patients without TED, and 27.47 ± 12.83 ng/mL and 76.13 ± 65.24 ng/mL in control subjects, respectively. The tear clusterin levels showed significant differences in Graves patients with and without TED than in the control group (p < 0.001). In Graves patients with TED group, tear clusterin levels were lower than in Graves patients without TED, however this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.431). There was a statistically significant low-grade correlation between tear clusterin and clinical activity score, retraction, and Hertel measurements (range of r value: -0.299 and -0.279, and range of p values:0.024-0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tear clusterin levels were decreased in Graves patients with and without TED. The results suggest that a local reduction in the amount of clusterin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Graves disease and might be used as a local biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative approaches to treatment of eye diseases: advances in stem cell therapy use in ophthalmology.","authors":"Victor Oluwatomiwa Ajekiigbe, Chinonyelum Emmanuel Agbo, Ikponmwosa Jude Ogieuhi, Chidera Stanley Anthony, Olajumoke Adesola Adewole, Bisharat Ahmed, Adewunmi Akingbola, Chinemelum Kingsley Nwankwo, Ayomide Timilehin Kayode, Uzochukwu Emmanuel Chima, Obed Mercy Adaobi","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03493-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03493-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human eye, a photo-sensory organ with an array of neuronal and tissue networks, remains susceptible to damage from various diseases and disorders despite its being a flawless masterpiece. It is estimated that over 2 billion people suffer from vision loss with common causative factors such as; age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and infections amongst others. The use of Orthodox procedures has only helped mitigate the pathology; however, it doesn't serve any substantial curative purpose. More recently, the incorporation of new therapies via ocular delivery of nanomaterials and stem cell intervention has helped to change tides in the treatment of various ophthalmic pathologies.</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>This review provides an overview of the current trends and breakthroughs in ophthalmology via stem cell therapy, with emphasis on its types, mechanisms, applications, and benefits. Mesenchymal stem cells which can arise from embryonic or adult origin possess some immunomodulatory effects that contribute to the therapeutic relevance of the MSCs and the ability to evade rejection from the host. However, the major drawback has been uncontrolled growth which can result in unintended side effects. Moreso, religious and ethical issues concerning the employment of MSCs from embryonic origin have also hindered clinical progression with its use. The use of stem cell therapy in the treatment of eye pathologies which is still undergoing clinical trials has shown to be a more viable treatment approach in ophthalmology as it targets retinal degenerative diseases thereby offering novel pathways for vision restoration. And also serves as a revolutionary alternative for treating severe ocular diseases. Stem cell delivery techniques might be quite cumbersome as the eye is a very delicate organ. The therapeutic interventional technique employed is aimed to ensure the reduction or absence of undesired effects in the deposition of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) being the stem cells. Techniques such as hydrogel-based injectables, which offer delivery of the APIs to the desired site of action without change in the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule, the scaffold delivery techniques, and the use of 3D bio-printing which can be used to develop scaffolds for retinal degeneration. The employment of artificial intelligence and machine learning in stem cell therapy has shown to be very fast and efficient in stem cell delivery and preventing likely human errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Unlike conventional treatments that often focus on managing symptoms, stem cells have the unique ability to repair and regenerate damaged tissues, addressing the root causes of the diseases. However, limitations due to economic, regulatory, and ethical challenges have posed barriers to advancing stem cell therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of age-related cataract among adults aged 50 + in Gegharkunik, Armenia.","authors":"Aida Giloyan, Tsovinar Harutyunyan, Varduhi Petrosyan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03491-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03491-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assessed the prevalence of age-related cataract and associated risk factors among people aged 50 years and older in Gegharkunik province of Armenia using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cluster sampling technique was used to draw the study sample. Twenty-four clusters were selected with 50 people in each cluster. A structured interviewer-based questionnaire collected information about participants' socio-demographics, visual acuity, cataract status, health characteristics, and health-related behaviours. An ophthalmic examination assessed participants' visual acuity and cataract status. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study recruited 1,099 participants. The mean age of the participants was 64.8. The prevalence of cataract was 24.3%. The prevalence of mild to severe visual impairment and blindness after pinhole correction was 17.4% and 1.9% in the sample, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, advanced age, low level of education, and diabetes were associated with cataract, while sex, hypertension, smoking status, and physical activity lost their significance after adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular eye exams and targeted public health programs might be effective for at-risk groups. Community education can improve diabetes management, promote healthier behaviors, and raise awareness, especially in people with lower education levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Enhancing diabetic retinopathy diagnosis: automatic segmentation of hyperreflective foci in OCT via deep learning.","authors":"Yixiao Li, Boyu Yu, Mingwei Si, Mengyao Yang, Wenxuan Cui, Yi Zhou, Shujun Fu, Hong Wang, Xuya Liu, Han Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03504-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-025-03504-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oculomics approaches using retinal imaging to predict mental health disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hong Kyu Kim, Tae Keun Yoo","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03500-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03500-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of oculomics approaches, including deep learning, machine learning, and logistic regression models, in detecting major mental disorders using retinal imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review identified 11 studies for inclusion. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, revealing a high risk of bias, particularly in patient selection and index test design. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated using random-effects models, and diagnostic performance was evaluated through a summary receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 13 diagnostic models across 11 studies, covering major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder using color fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography. The pooled sensitivity was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.78-0.94), and specificity was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74-0.95). The pooled area under the curve was 0.904, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. However, all studies exhibited a high risk of bias, primarily due to case-control study designs, lack of external validation, and selection bias in 77% of studies. Some models showed signs of overfitting, likely due to small sample sizes, insufficient validation, or dataset limitations. Additionally, no distinct retinal patterns specific to mental disorders were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While oculomics demonstrates potential for detecting mental disorders through retinal imaging, significant methodological limitations, including high bias, overfitting risks, and the absence of disease-specific retinal biomarkers, limit its current clinical applicability. Future research should focus on large-scale, externally validated studies with prospective designs to establish reliable retinal markers for psychiatric diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A five-year report of pediatric non-viral microbial keratitis in a tertiary eye center.","authors":"Muhammed Dara Tas, Melis Palamar, Sabire Sohret Aydemir, Ozlem Barut Selver","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03463-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03463-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the demographic data, risk factors, clinical outcomes, microbial spectrum, and treatment in pediatric microbial keratitis cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical data including demographics, predisposing factors, accompanying diseases, clinical course, and microbial culture results was retrospectively evaluated. A total of 27 patients younger than 18 years who were diagnosed as microbial keratitis in a tertiary referral center between March 2019 and December 2023 were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The male/female ratio was 14/13. The mean age was 13.02 ± 6.21 (range, 2-18) years. The most common risk factor was contact lens use (33.8%) followed by trauma (18.5%). The most common accompanied disease was acne rosacea (7.4%). In 20 cases (with a lesion greater than 2 mm in diameter, involving a layer deeper than half of the cornea, etc.) culture samples were taken. Cultures were positive for microbial growth in 8 (40.0%) patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated organism (25.0%). While 24 (88.8%) of the keratitis improved with medical treatment alone, additional corneal debridement was applied to 2 (7.4%) eyes, and therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed in one refractory case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although rarer than adult cases, pediatric keratitis is an important entity in childhood due to difficulties and complications in history taking, examination and medication use. This study emphasizes the role of contact lens usage and trauma as the primary causes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most frequent microorganism in pediatric keratitis. Identification of predisposing factors and microorganisms may be helpful for early recognition and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sodium butyrate inhibits activation of ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and angiogenesis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells.","authors":"Xin Cao, Yue Di, Ya-Jing Tian, Xiao-Bo Huang, Yue Zhou, Dong-Mei Zhang, Yu Song","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03458-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03458-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To determine the impact of sodium butyrate on the activation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) signaling pathway and angiogenesis in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) caused by high glucose (HG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HRMECs were grown for 24 h or 72 h in HG solution (30 mmol/L D-glucose) with 5 mM NaB. Using Cell Counting Kit-8, the effects of HG and NaB levels on the viability of HRMECs were examined. Using various kits, intracellular ROS levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in cell supernatants were measured. Western blot, Immunofluorescence, and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were employed to quantify protein and messenger RNA expression. Using wound-healing and tube formation tests, the migratory proficiency and angiogenesis of HRMECs were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NaB demonstrated a reduction in ROS production, as well as the release of LDH and MDA in HG-induced HRMECs. Additionally, NaB led to a decrease in protein expression of phosphorylation of NF-κB, NLRP3, Caspase 1, interleukin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. The impact of HG on zonula occluden-1, a tight junction protein, was attenuated by NaB. Furthermore, NaB inhibited the migration and tube formation of HRMECs partly by ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NaB suppresses the activation of ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling pathway and angiogenesis in HRMECs induced by HG.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The correlation of clinical and histopathological features of eyelid malignancies: a 5-year retrospective study in Vietnam.","authors":"Ngan-Ha Nguyen, Minh-Phu Nguyen, Hoa Kieu Mai, Son Truong Do, Van Hong Pham, Dung Thi Phuong Vuong, Jay R Maturi, Huong Vu Thuy Le, Peter Mc Cluskey, Van Trong Pham","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03452-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03452-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To analyze the correlation between the clinical and histopathological features of eyelid malignancies in Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational retrospective study was conducted on 190 patients who were diagnosed histopathologically after surgery with eyelid malignancies between 2017 and 2021 at Vietnam National Eye Hospital. Demographic, clinical manifestations, pathological features and outcomes were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Basal cell carcinoma was the most common histopathologic type, accounting for 57.9% of cases, followed by sebaceous gland carcinoma at 27.4%. The match between clinical diagnosis and pathological diagnosis was 57.4% across all cases. The majority of basal cell carcinoma cases presented on the lower eyelid, while the majority of sebaceous gland carcinoma cases presented on the upper eyelid. Clinical features with the highest clinical correlation were ulceration (76.4%) for basal cell carcinoma and ill-defined edges (84.6%) among malignant cutaneous melanoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eyelid malignancies present significant challenges in clinical diagnosis, with only moderate concordance between clinical and histopathological findings. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common eyelid malignancy in Vietnam, though its incidence is significantly lower than in Western countries. Clinical findings with the most consistent clinical correlation were high rates of ulceration in basal cell carcinoma and ill-defined edges in malignant melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between retinal vascular fractal dimensions and retinopathy of prematurity: an AI-assisted retrospective case-control study.","authors":"Shuai Liu, Lei Liu, Cuixia Ma, Shu Su, Ying Liu, Bin Li","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03461-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03461-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The main objective of this study was to analyze the fractal dimensions (D(f)) of retinal vasculature in premature infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and determine their correlation with ROP severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a single-center retrospective case-control study involving 641 premature patients with ROP (641 eyes) and 684 normal preterm infants (684 eyes) matched for corrected gestational age (CGA). Computer-assisted techniques were used to quantify peripapillary retinal vascular D(f), vessel tortuosity (VT), and vessel width (VW).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the normal preterm groups, patients with ROP exhibited a significant increase in retinal vascular D(f) by 0.0061 (P = 0.0002). Subgroup analyses revealed a significant association between increasing ROP severity and increased retinal vascular D(f) (P < 0.05). Multivariable-adjusted ordered logistic regression models demonstrated that retinal vascular D(f) (aOR: 3.307, P < 0.0001) was significantly independent and associated with ROP severity. For every 0.1 increase in D(f), the probability of ROP requiring intervention increased by 33.07%. Multiple linear regression models indicated a significant positive correlation between D(f) and VT, as well as VW around the optic disc (P < 0.0001). For every 1 (10⁴ cm^-3) increase in VT, D(f) increased by 0.0010. Similarly, for every 1 (μm) increase in VW, D(f) increased by 0.0025.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that increased D(f) in retinal vessels is a pathological characteristic of ROP. This increase may be attributed to the curvature and width of the retinal vasculature in infants with ROP. Quantitative measurement of retinal vascular D(f) could serve as a valuable vascular indicator for assessing the severity of ROP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}