International Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"A case-control prospective study to unravel zinc alpha 2 glycoprotein role in the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Prakash Umapathy, Kishore Arumugam, Ramya Benita Babu, Ramya R Nadig, Rajiv Raman, Girish Shiva Rao, Muna P Bhende, Viswanathan Natarajan, Ramkumar Km, Bharathidevi Subramaniam Rajesh","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03482-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03482-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading neurovascular complication affecting the working age group worldwide. Zinc alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is indeed an important adipokine, and it has been found to play a role in various metabolic conditions, including diabetes, metabolic syndrome and responses to lifestyle changes. In this study, we have assessed the levels of ZAG in the aqueous and vitreous humour of DR cases as a marker for the disease. It's a case-control prospective study wherein 65 Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) patients in the age group of 50-60 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus and with no other ocular complications were included. The PDR cases were classified with Tractional Retinal Detachment (TRD) and Fibrovascular Proliferation (FVP). 15 Macular hole (MH) patients in the age group of 60-70 years with no history of diabetes were included as disease control subjects. The groups were evaluated for demographic variables, biochemical parameters, vitreous ZAG levels and biomarkers. Data between the groups were compared statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant increase in ZAG protein levels was observed in both vitreous humour and aqueous humour of PDR cases compared to MH control. A positive correlation was observed between ZAG and various biomarkers like adiponectin, leptin, galectin-3, Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- alpha). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was conducted, and ZAG had 20.167 odds ratio (95% CI 3.927-103.576, P = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study shows that ZAG is increased in the vitreous and aqueous humour of the PDR cases compared to the macular hole. It was also correlated with the already reported biomarkers. It could be a risk factor for the disease based on the odds ratio.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the clinical management of Graves' Orbitopathy according to severity: a real-life Analysis.","authors":"Antonio Manuel Garrido-Hermosilla, María Concepción Díaz-Ruiz, Reyes Ravé-García, Francisco Javier Torres-García, María Leticia Lledó-de-Villar, Tomás Martín-Hernández, Virginia Moreira-Navarrete, Francisco Javier Toyos-Sáenz-de-Miera, Irene Martínez-Alberquilla, Mariola Méndez-Muros","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03499-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03499-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Due to the clinical and prognostic implications of Graves' Orbitopathy (GO), clinical care needs to be tailored to current recommendations, but real-life information is scarce. We aim to describe GO management in a real-life setting for health care improvement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study evaluating the clinical performance of clinicians attending patients diagnosed with GO. All cases with GO from 2018 to 2021 were included in the analysis, with no exclusion criteria. We performed an evaluation of the healthcare provided to these patients, with clinical performance evaluated from diagnostic and therapeutic viewpoints. A backwards stepwise multivariate binomial logistic regression analysis was run to assess the variables associated with severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This was a cohort of 151 cases, predominantly of women in the fifth decade of life, most of whom had hyperthyroidism. There were 50 (33.1%) cases with moderate-severe GO, but none of them with sight-threatening disease. Total annualized visits were more frequent to endocrinologists than ophthalmologists, except for moderate-severe cases. Active smoking (57 cases; 37.7%), unstable hyperthyroidism (59 cases; 39.1%), and elevated maximum TSI levels (136; 90.1%) conditioned clinical care. Altogether, the performance of an imaging technique, the use of systemic corticosteroid therapy and eyelid surgery were significantly different in those with more severe GO.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clinical care provided to patients with GO is variable and influenced by several variables. Both endocrinologists and ophthalmologists must coordinate to ensure a unified patient-tailored protocol that covers all these patients' needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of tear cytokines and neuropeptides, ocular surface parameters, and corneal nerve structure in patients with early-stage diabetes mellitus and control subjects.","authors":"Hilal Toprak Tellioglu, Ozlem Dikmetas, Sibel Kocabeyoglu, Çagman Tan, Ismail Yaz, Begüm Cicek, Jale Karakaya, Murat Irkec","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03502-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03502-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the corneal nerve, ocular surface, and tear cytokine and substance P (SP) levels and to compare the findings with those in control subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study included 23 patients diagnosed with DM within the last 5 years and who had no systemic involvement, including diabetic retinopathy, and 22 control subjects. The ocular surface and tear film were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, ocular surface staining, Schirmer, and corneal sensitivity. In vivo confocal microscopy was used to assess the architecture of the corneal nerves. The tear levels of cytokines were examined by Luminex and SP levels were measured by ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups had similar OSDI scores, ocular surface staining, Schirmer, and corneal sensitivity measurements. The patient group had higher corneal nerve tortuosity (p = 0.015) but showed no significant difference in short or long nerve fibre density compared with the control group. Tear IL-6 and IL-8 levels were higher in the DM group (p = 0.002 and p = 0.01, respectively), whereas tear SP levels were lower in the DM group (p = 0.05). The tear SP level exhibited a strong positive correlation with total and long nerve fibre parameters (both p = 0.00).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study results indicated that DM affected corneal nerve structure, tear SP, and inflammatory cytokine levels. The corneal nerves were affected and the tear SP level decreased even in patients without peripheral neuropathy, which is one of the most common complications of DM. In addition, ocular surface inflammation was observed in patients with DM, despite no ocular surface symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability and agreement of a Scheimpflug-Placido tomography and a Partial Coherence Interferometer in keratoconus and control eyes.","authors":"Yaprak Özkan, Nesrin Büyüktortop Gökçınar","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03474-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03474-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the repeatability and agreement of anterior segment measurements obtained using a partial coherence interferometry-based optical biometry device (AL-Scan) and a combined Scheimpflug-Placido disc corneal topography device (Sirius) in keratoconic and control eyes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), white-to-white distance (WTW), and keratometry values were measured in keratoconic and control eyes using the AL-Scan and Sirius. The agreement, repeatability, and reliability of the measurements were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 82 keratoconus patients (82 eyes) and 100 healthy subjects (100 eyes). The mean CCT and ACD values measured by Sirius were significantly higher than those measured by AL-Scan in both groups (p < 0.001). WTW measurements did not differ significantly between devices (p > 0.05). In control eyes, keratometric values showed no significant differences between devices, whereas in keratoconic eyes, almost all keratometric values were significantly different. Reliability was excellent for all parameters in both devices (intra-class correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.9). Repeatability was excellent for all parameters in both devices (coefficient of variation [CoV] < 1%), except for CCT in keratoconic eyes (CoV < 3%). CONCLUSıONS: Both the AL-Scan and Sirius provide highly repeatable and reliable measurements in both healthy and keratoconic eyes. However, in keratoconic eyes, agreement between the two devices is poor for all parameters except WTW.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of tear and serum clusterin levels in thyroid ophthalmopathy patients.","authors":"Mehmet Balbaba, Fatih Ulaş, Zehra Nur Nahırsüren Tarım, Hakan Yıldırım, Faruk Kılınç, Nevin İlhan, Mehmet Canleblebici, Murat Erdağ, Mithat Mızrak","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03501-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03501-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate tear and serum clusterin levels in thyroid eye disease (TED) patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 21 patients with Graves disease with TED, 20 patients with Graves disease without TED, and 21 healthy control subjects matched for sex and age. Clusterin and lysozyme C levels of tear and serum were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and autoantibody (anti thyroid peroxidase, anti thyroglobulin and TSH receptor antibody) levels were measured in all groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean concentrations of tear clusterin and lysozyme C levels were 15.99 ± 4.07 ng/mL and 54.54 ± 27.58 ng/mL in Graves patients with TED, 26,28 ± 15,98 ng/mL and 50,13 ± 46,59 ng/mL in Graves patients without TED, and 55,53 ± 45,99 ng/mL and 44,86 ± 27,42 ng/mL in control subjects, respectively. The mean concentrations of serum clusterin and lysozyme C levels were 23.15 ± 4.25 ng/mL and 93.14 ± 51.38 ng/mL in Graves patients with TED, and 26.73 ± 15.93 ng/mL and 74.22 ± 55.73 ng/mL in Graves patients without TED, and 27.47 ± 12.83 ng/mL and 76.13 ± 65.24 ng/mL in control subjects, respectively. The tear clusterin levels showed significant differences in Graves patients with and without TED than in the control group (p < 0.001). In Graves patients with TED group, tear clusterin levels were lower than in Graves patients without TED, however this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.431). There was a statistically significant low-grade correlation between tear clusterin and clinical activity score, retraction, and Hertel measurements (range of r value: -0.299 and -0.279, and range of p values:0.024-0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The tear clusterin levels were decreased in Graves patients with and without TED. The results suggest that a local reduction in the amount of clusterin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of Graves disease and might be used as a local biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"117"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative approaches to treatment of eye diseases: advances in stem cell therapy use in ophthalmology.","authors":"Victor Oluwatomiwa Ajekiigbe, Chinonyelum Emmanuel Agbo, Ikponmwosa Jude Ogieuhi, Chidera Stanley Anthony, Olajumoke Adesola Adewole, Bisharat Ahmed, Adewunmi Akingbola, Chinemelum Kingsley Nwankwo, Ayomide Timilehin Kayode, Uzochukwu Emmanuel Chima, Obed Mercy Adaobi","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03493-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03493-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The human eye, a photo-sensory organ with an array of neuronal and tissue networks, remains susceptible to damage from various diseases and disorders despite its being a flawless masterpiece. It is estimated that over 2 billion people suffer from vision loss with common causative factors such as; age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and infections amongst others. The use of Orthodox procedures has only helped mitigate the pathology; however, it doesn't serve any substantial curative purpose. More recently, the incorporation of new therapies via ocular delivery of nanomaterials and stem cell intervention has helped to change tides in the treatment of various ophthalmic pathologies.</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>This review provides an overview of the current trends and breakthroughs in ophthalmology via stem cell therapy, with emphasis on its types, mechanisms, applications, and benefits. Mesenchymal stem cells which can arise from embryonic or adult origin possess some immunomodulatory effects that contribute to the therapeutic relevance of the MSCs and the ability to evade rejection from the host. However, the major drawback has been uncontrolled growth which can result in unintended side effects. Moreso, religious and ethical issues concerning the employment of MSCs from embryonic origin have also hindered clinical progression with its use. The use of stem cell therapy in the treatment of eye pathologies which is still undergoing clinical trials has shown to be a more viable treatment approach in ophthalmology as it targets retinal degenerative diseases thereby offering novel pathways for vision restoration. And also serves as a revolutionary alternative for treating severe ocular diseases. Stem cell delivery techniques might be quite cumbersome as the eye is a very delicate organ. The therapeutic interventional technique employed is aimed to ensure the reduction or absence of undesired effects in the deposition of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) being the stem cells. Techniques such as hydrogel-based injectables, which offer delivery of the APIs to the desired site of action without change in the physicochemical properties of the drug molecule, the scaffold delivery techniques, and the use of 3D bio-printing which can be used to develop scaffolds for retinal degeneration. The employment of artificial intelligence and machine learning in stem cell therapy has shown to be very fast and efficient in stem cell delivery and preventing likely human errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Unlike conventional treatments that often focus on managing symptoms, stem cells have the unique ability to repair and regenerate damaged tissues, addressing the root causes of the diseases. However, limitations due to economic, regulatory, and ethical challenges have posed barriers to advancing stem cell therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of age-related cataract among adults aged 50 + in Gegharkunik, Armenia.","authors":"Aida Giloyan, Tsovinar Harutyunyan, Varduhi Petrosyan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03491-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03491-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study assessed the prevalence of age-related cataract and associated risk factors among people aged 50 years and older in Gegharkunik province of Armenia using the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness (RAAB) methodology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cluster sampling technique was used to draw the study sample. Twenty-four clusters were selected with 50 people in each cluster. A structured interviewer-based questionnaire collected information about participants' socio-demographics, visual acuity, cataract status, health characteristics, and health-related behaviours. An ophthalmic examination assessed participants' visual acuity and cataract status. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study recruited 1,099 participants. The mean age of the participants was 64.8. The prevalence of cataract was 24.3%. The prevalence of mild to severe visual impairment and blindness after pinhole correction was 17.4% and 1.9% in the sample, respectively. In the adjusted analysis, advanced age, low level of education, and diabetes were associated with cataract, while sex, hypertension, smoking status, and physical activity lost their significance after adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular eye exams and targeted public health programs might be effective for at-risk groups. Community education can improve diabetes management, promote healthier behaviors, and raise awareness, especially in people with lower education levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Enhancing diabetic retinopathy diagnosis: automatic segmentation of hyperreflective foci in OCT via deep learning.","authors":"Yixiao Li, Boyu Yu, Mingwei Si, Mengyao Yang, Wenxuan Cui, Yi Zhou, Shujun Fu, Hong Wang, Xuya Liu, Han Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03504-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-025-03504-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"109"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11919967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oculomics approaches using retinal imaging to predict mental health disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hong Kyu Kim, Tae Keun Yoo","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03500-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03500-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic performance of oculomics approaches, including deep learning, machine learning, and logistic regression models, in detecting major mental disorders using retinal imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review identified 11 studies for inclusion. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, revealing a high risk of bias, particularly in patient selection and index test design. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated using random-effects models, and diagnostic performance was evaluated through a summary receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 13 diagnostic models across 11 studies, covering major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and autism spectrum disorder using color fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT), and OCT angiography. The pooled sensitivity was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.78-0.94), and specificity was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.74-0.95). The pooled area under the curve was 0.904, indicating high diagnostic accuracy. However, all studies exhibited a high risk of bias, primarily due to case-control study designs, lack of external validation, and selection bias in 77% of studies. Some models showed signs of overfitting, likely due to small sample sizes, insufficient validation, or dataset limitations. Additionally, no distinct retinal patterns specific to mental disorders were identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While oculomics demonstrates potential for detecting mental disorders through retinal imaging, significant methodological limitations, including high bias, overfitting risks, and the absence of disease-specific retinal biomarkers, limit its current clinical applicability. Future research should focus on large-scale, externally validated studies with prospective designs to establish reliable retinal markers for psychiatric diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A five-year report of pediatric non-viral microbial keratitis in a tertiary eye center.","authors":"Muhammed Dara Tas, Melis Palamar, Sabire Sohret Aydemir, Ozlem Barut Selver","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03463-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03463-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the demographic data, risk factors, clinical outcomes, microbial spectrum, and treatment in pediatric microbial keratitis cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical data including demographics, predisposing factors, accompanying diseases, clinical course, and microbial culture results was retrospectively evaluated. A total of 27 patients younger than 18 years who were diagnosed as microbial keratitis in a tertiary referral center between March 2019 and December 2023 were included in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The male/female ratio was 14/13. The mean age was 13.02 ± 6.21 (range, 2-18) years. The most common risk factor was contact lens use (33.8%) followed by trauma (18.5%). The most common accompanied disease was acne rosacea (7.4%). In 20 cases (with a lesion greater than 2 mm in diameter, involving a layer deeper than half of the cornea, etc.) culture samples were taken. Cultures were positive for microbial growth in 8 (40.0%) patients and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated organism (25.0%). While 24 (88.8%) of the keratitis improved with medical treatment alone, additional corneal debridement was applied to 2 (7.4%) eyes, and therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed in one refractory case.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although rarer than adult cases, pediatric keratitis is an important entity in childhood due to difficulties and complications in history taking, examination and medication use. This study emphasizes the role of contact lens usage and trauma as the primary causes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most frequent microorganism in pediatric keratitis. Identification of predisposing factors and microorganisms may be helpful for early recognition and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}