International Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"A thirteen-year tertiary centre experience with infectious keratitis in the elderly population.","authors":"Emre Karahan, Ozlem Barut Selver, Sohret Aydemir, Dilek Yesim Metin, Melis Palamar","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04005-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04005-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to elucidate the classification, clinical presentation, follow-up, and treatment outcomes of elderly patients diagnosed with infectious keratitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center analysis, conducted at a tertiary ophthalmology center (Ege University Medical Faculty Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Izmir, Turkiye), included 317 patients aged ≥ 60 years diagnosed with infectious keratitis between January 2012 and January 2025. Microbiological culture results, clinical course, comorbidities, treatments, and outcomes were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The female-to-male ratio was 0.89 and the mean age was 72.1 ± 7.23 years (range: 60-96 years). Positive culture results were identified in 128 (40.4%) of 317 patients, with 81 (63.3%) bacterial and 47 (36.7%) fungal infections. Streptococcus pneumoniae (29.7%) was the most common pathogen. Most lesions were central/paracentral (89.9%) and single (79.2%). The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 2.33 ± 0.99 LogMAR to 1.99 ± 1.08 LogMAR (95% CI, 0.15-0.53; paired-samples t test, p < 0.001). Most patients (76.3%) responded favorably to empirical treatment. Recurrence occurred in 34 patients, 22 required corneal transplantation, and 9 underwent evisceration. Dry eye (43.8%) and systemic immunosuppression (36.9%) were the most common comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the present study, differing from some others that report coagulase-negative Staphylococci as the predominant agent in elderly infectious keratitis patients, the most common pathogen was Streptococcus pneumoniae. This finding highlights potential regional or methodological differences. The presence of dry eye and systemic immunosuppression significantly influenced unfavorable outcomes, emphasizing the importance of addressing these risk factors. Tailored treatment strategies may improve outcomes in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy in the management of functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction: a systematic review.","authors":"Terence Ang, Veda Muthineni, Abdullah Almater, Dinesh Selva","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04012-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04012-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review the role of nasolacrimal intubation and dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in functional nasolacrimal duct obstruction (FNLDO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted from inception to the 31st March 2025 on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases. All studies describing a clinical diagnosis of \"functional\" obstruction was included. These included studies referencing historical variations of the term \"functional block\", \"partial obstruction\" and its associated clinical tests, such as patent syringing and/or positive Jones I and /or I testing\", and/or adjunctive imaging including dacryocystogram (DCG) and/or dacryoscintigraphy (DSG). Studies depicting patients < 18 years-old, \"complete\" acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction, clear evidence of NLDS; and ongoing epiphora despite prior DCR and anatomical patency were excluded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search yielded 19 studies including 15 retrospective and 4 prospective studies. In 5 studies, patients were clearly defined as FNLDO with patent lacrimal syringing and/or Jones testing, DCG excluding nasolacrimal stenosis, and, if available, DSG to characterise the location of drainage delay. The remaining studies included terms such as \"functional block\" or \"functional epiphora\" defined as nasolacrimal duct patency via syringing only; and patent syringing and delayed DSG, without DCG excluding nasolacrimal duct stenosis (NLDS). Two studies were retrospective comparative studies between nasolacrimal intubation and DCR. Complete resolution for endoscopic DCR ranged from 64.7-97.2%, external DCR ranged from 53.8-94.1%; and nasolacrimal intubation ranged from 34.1-76%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Characterising the nature and extent of impaired nasolacrimal tear drainage is imperative in determining the most appropriate intervention. In FNLDO, DCR appears to have higher success rates than nasolacrimal intubation. Intubation represents a less invasive option for patients. Ultimately, determining appropriate management requires patient education and informed consent regarding the available options, efficacy, risks and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Juvenile open-angle glaucoma: a clinicopathological update and review.","authors":"Sana Nadeem","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04006-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04006-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This review aims to highlight the characteristic clinical features, pathophysiology, risk factors, genetics, diagnostic work-up, therapeutic management, and recent advances in the clinical setting and management of juvenile open-angle glaucoma (JOAG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective literature review of PubMed and Google was judiciously done to provide this update [2000-2025]. A diagnosis of JOAG is established on the basis of history and clinical examination, tonometry, angle evaluation by gonioscopy, central corneal thickness (CCT) evaluation, and slit lamp biomicroscopy for evaluation of optic disc changes and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss. Structural [optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography] and functional assessment [automated perimetry] is important in diagnosis and monitoring it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Juvenile open-angle glaucoma is a rare type of primary open-angle glaucoma affecting individuals between 3 and 40 years of age. Classically described as having an early age of onset, high intraocular pressures, normal-appearing angles on gonioscopy, optic disc cupping, and visual field loss; other forms like juvenile ocular hypertension and juvenile normal tension glaucoma are also observed. Trabeculodysgenesis is the primary pathology hindering the normal egress of aqueous humor from the trabeculum; it is currently classified into four clinical subtypes on the basis of gonioscopic angle appearance. Male gender and myopia are risk factors. The MYOC gene mutations are commonly implicated in its pathogenesis. Medical therapy is the first-line management, but selective laser trabeculoplasty also yields favourable outcomes. Surgical management consensus is based on surgeon expertise and preference and is indicated for inadequate intraocular pressure control with non-invasive procedures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>JOAG is a heterogeneous and challenging disease, and a multidisciplinary approach is required in its diagnosis and management. Screening of patients at risk or those with a family history or risk factors may allow for earlier diagnosis and prevent visual disability. Prognosis depends on the stage of diagnosis, patient compliance, and prompt appropriate management. Lifelong follow-up is necessary to prevent visual morbidity from this optic neurodegenerative disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147326076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does hyperopic correction worsen exotropia? A retrospective comparison in Children with high hyperopia.","authors":"Barbaros Hayrettin Unlu, Ozlem Ural Fatihoglu, Ezgi Karatas, Aylin Yaman, A Tulin Berk","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04027-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04027-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of refractive correction on ocular deviation in children with exotropia and high hyperopia, and to compare treatment outcomes between partial and full hyperopic correction. The main objective was to evaluate if complete hyperopic correction leads to worsening of exotropia in comparison to partial correction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 43 patients diagnosed with high hyperopia (≥ + 3.00 D) and exotropia (≥ 10 prism diopters). Patients were categorized into two groups based on the level of spectacle correction: Group 1 received partial correction and Group 2 received full correction. Statistical analysis was conducted to compare best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), amblyopia, and the degree of exotropia deviation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average age at first admission and the follow-up duration were 6.3 (± 3.1) years and 3.7 (± 3.0) years, respectively. Before spectacle correction, the mean visual acuity was 0.45 ± 0.28; it increased to 0.63 ± 0.31 after treatment (p < 0.001). Additionally, the number of patients diagnosed with amblyopia significantly decreased (p = 0.001). Twenty-seven patients received partial correction, while sixteen were treated with full correction. Although a slight reduction in exodeviation was observed, there were no statistically significant differences in the overall population or within any of the subtypes (constant exotropia and intermittent exotropia) when comparing deviation angles between the partial and full correction groups before and after treatment (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Refractive correction is essential for improving visual acuity and reducing amblyopia in children with exotropia and significant hyperopia. Our results suggest that the use of high hyperopic spectacle correction did not demonstrate worsening of exotropia in this cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual outcomes after blunt ocular trauma: clinical findings, management, and prognostic factors.","authors":"Yusuf Cem Yılmaz, Şerife Çiloğlu Hayat, Merve Kelebek, Mehmet Emin Gözel","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-04022-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-04022-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize ocular findings, management strategies, and factors associated with visual outcomes following blunt ocular trauma, with particular emphasis on the prognostic relevance of macular commotio retinae.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 288 patients with BOT who presented to a tertiary referral center between January 2021 and July 2025. Demographic characteristics, injury mechanisms, ocular findings, and treatment modalities were reviewed. Visual acuity (VA) was recorded at presentation and at final follow-up; poor visual outcome was defined as a final VA ≥ 1.0 LogMAR. Macular commotio retinae was graded based on the extent of foveal involvement, and its association with visual outcomes was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median patient age was 36 years (IQR 27-48), and 51.4% were male. Falls (28.8%) and assaults (27.8%) were the most common mechanisms of injury. Traumatic cataract (24.0%) and hyphema (15.6%) were the most frequent anterior segment findings, while commotio retinae (25.7%) was the most common posterior segment lesion. Median VA improved significantly from 0.7 (IQR 0.4-1.3) LogMAR at presentation to 0.4 (IQR 0.22-0.7) LogMAR at final follow-up (p < 0.001); however, 14.2% of eyes had poor final visual outcomes. Higher grades of macular commotio retinae were strongly associated with poor visual outcome (p < 0.001). In contrast, anterior segment findings such as hyphema and traumatic cataract were not predictive in this cohort. Half of the patients (n = 144) were managed conservatively, while phacoemulsification and pars plana vitrectomy were the most commonly performed interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Blunt ocular trauma results in a broad spectrum of anterior and posterior segment injuries with variable visual prognosis. Grading the severity of macular commotio retinae provides clinically meaningful prognostic information, as higher grades are associated with persistent visual impairment. In contrast, many anterior segment injuries are potentially reversible with appropriate treatment. Comprehensive posterior segment evaluation and individualized management are essential to optimize visual outcomes after blunt ocular trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147325765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin E TPGS-enhanced riboflavin accelerated transepithelial cross-linking versus accelerated epithelium-off protocol in progressive keratoconus: a prospective randomized trial.","authors":"Parul Jain, Pushkar Rangari, Paromita Dutta, Avinash Pradhan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-03982-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-03982-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the efficacy and safety of accelerated transepithelial (epi-on) corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using a Vitamin E D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)-enhanced riboflavin formulation with an accelerated epithelium-off (epi-off) CXL protocol in progressive keratoconus.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Prospective randomized comparative clinical trial.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty eyes of fifty patients aged 12-35 years with documented progressive keratoconus were randomized (1:1). In the epi-on group, 0.1% riboflavin enhanced with Vitamin E TPGS was used followed by UVA irradiation at 9 mW/cm² for 10 min (total fluence 5.4 J/cm²). In the epi-off group, the epithelium was removed, the cornea was saturated with iso-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin, and identical UVA irradiation was applied. The primary outcome was change in maximum keratometry (Kmax) at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included UDVA, CDVA, refractive error, keratometric indices, corneal pachymetry, higher-order aberrations, stromal demarcation line depth, endothelial cell density, and safety parameters (infectious keratitis, persistent epithelial defect, clinically significant haze, endothelial decompensation, and sustained IOP rise requiring therapy).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups showed significant improvement in UDVA/CDVA and significant flattening of keratometric parameters at 12 months (all intragroup p < 0.001). Mean corneal thickness behavior differed between groups, with relative pachymetric preservation in the epi-on arm compared with thinning in the epi-off arm (intergroup p < 0.05). Demarcation line depth was deeper in the epi-off arm (p < 0.001). No sight-threatening complications, endothelial decompensation, or sustained IOP elevation were observed in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>At 12 months, accelerated transepithelial CXL using a Vitamin E TPGS-enhanced riboflavin formulation demonstrated visual and tomographic stabilization comparable to accelerated epi-off CXL.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>CTRI /2024/06/069279.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147306142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative outcomes of phaco-trabeculectomy versus phaco-tube implantation: a 6-year review.","authors":"Basil Alhussain, Abeer Alkhodier, Nawaf Almeshari, Ibrahim Alobaida","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-03937-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-026-03937-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Combined cataract and glaucoma surgeries are common in patients diagnosed with both visually significant cataract and uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP). Although phacoemulsification with Ahmed glaucoma valve (phaco-AGV) implantation and phacoemulsification with trabeculectomy (phaco-trab) are established surgical options, limited data are available on their long-term comparative outcomes, particularly in large patient cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A retrospective cohort study involving 249 eyes of patients who underwent either phaco-AGV (n = 120) or phaco-trab (n = 129) procedures at a tertiary eye center was conducted. Patients were followed for up to 6 years after surgery. The primary outcome measure was surgical success, defined as an IOP between 6 and 21 mmHg with or without glaucoma medications and without further glaucoma surgery or light perception vision loss. Secondary outcomes included IOP level, number of glaucoma medications, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and postoperative complications. Surgical outcomes were analyzed using Kaplan‒Meier survival curves, and chi‒square and ANOVA tests were used to assess differences between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the final follow-up, the cumulative probability of surgical success was slightly greater in the phaco-trab group than in the phaco-AGV group (59.9% vs. 40.1%, P < 0.001). The mean IOP was significantly lower in both groups at the final follow-up than at baseline (p < 0.001), with comparable final IOP levels. The mean number of glaucoma medications was significantly lower in the phaco-trab group than in the phaco-AGV group (p < 0.05). Postoperative complications were more frequent in the phaco-AGV group (32.5%) than in the phaco-trab group (16.3%) (p = 0.003). Visual acuity improvements were comparable between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both the phaco-AGV and phaco-trab procedures effectively reduced IOP and improved visual acuity in patients with coexisting cataract and glaucoma. However, phaco-trab was associated with a lower rate of postoperative complications and required fewer long-term glaucoma medications. These findings suggest that while both procedures are viable options, phaco-trab, compared with phaco-AGV, may offer a more favorable risk‒benefit profile across an extended follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12932313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hyperreflective spots as a novel biomarker in patients with glaucoma.","authors":"Kıvanc Kasal, Yurdagul Girgin, Eyyup Karahan","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-03946-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-026-03946-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate hyperreflective spots (HRS) detected by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy and glaucomatous eyes and their correlation with retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 65 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and 65 healthy controls were enrolled, and data were collected from one eye of each participant. In glaucoma patients, the eye with better visual acuity was selected; if equal, the eye with the higher OCT image quality was included. In the control group, the eye with the higher OCT image quality was selected for analysis. OCT scans of the fovea's thinnest section were analyzed, and an area 3000 µm wide at the center was selected. HRS were defined as small spots (≤ 30 µm) with moderate reflectivity and no shadowing. HRS counts were compared between groups, and correlations with OCT parameters associated with RGC loss were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was similar between groups (glaucoma: 62.48 ± 19.77 years; control: 59.75 ± 6.65 years; P = 0.085). Inter-rater agreement for HRS counts was excellent (ICC = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.89-0.94). Glaucoma patients had significantly higher HRS counts than controls (29.65 ± 7.68 vs. 11.86 ± 5.05, P < 0.001). HRS counts positively correlated with vertical and horizontal cupping diameters (r = 0.45, P < 0.001) and negatively correlated with neuroretinal rim area (r = - 0.46, P < 0.001), total RNFL thickness (r = - 0.39, P < 0.001), and mean GCC thickness (r = - 0.43, P < 0.001). Correlation coefficients were similar after adjusting for age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and signal strength index (SSI).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HRS strongly correlate with RGC and RNFL loss in glaucoma and may serve as as a valuable biomarker in the follow-up of glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal power, axial length-to-corneal radius ratio, and myopia status prior to corneal refractive surgery: a cross-study analysis.","authors":"Yuehua Xin, Xianmei Zhang, Yanfeng Xin","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-03985-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-026-03985-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We examined the interplay among corneal refractive power, the axial-length-to-corneal radius of curvature ratio (AL/CR), and myopia severity in patients before corneal refractive surgery. We included 1208 myopic patients with a median age of 22 years (P25 = 19, P75 = 27) and a preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) of - 4.88 D (P25 =  - 6.50, P75 =  - 3.50). Myopia status was classified using the spherical equivalent refraction into low, moderate and severe myopia. Key measurements included corneal curvature radius (CR), flat (K1) and steep (K2) corneal curvatures, anterior corneal surface astigmatism (ΔK), central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AL), and AL/CR. Severe myopic patients were slightly older than other cases. CR was smaller in severe myopia. Significant differences were observed in K2 and ΔK between severe and less severe myopic patients, but not in K1 and CCT. Female patients exhibited a lower AL than male patients, but AL/CR differences were only significant in the mild myopia group. A linear relationship was found between increasing AL/CR and decreasing SE. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex revealed that each 1 mm increase in AL resulted in a 1.98 D decrease in SE, while a 1 mm increase in CR led to a 5.00 D increase in SE. A 0.1 unit increase in AL/CR corresponded to a 1.48 D decrease in SE. Severe myopia was associated with steeper corneal curvature, particularly in the steep axis. AL/CR did not differ between genders in moderate and severe myopia, suggesting its reliability as an index for assessing myopic refractive state.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of 42 cases of ocular adnexal sarcoma.","authors":"Yi Wu, Weimin He","doi":"10.1007/s10792-026-03999-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-026-03999-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study the clinicopathological features, treatment, and prognosis of ocular adnexal sarcomas diagnosed at a tertiary comprehensive hospital in China during 13 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case series of patients with histopathological diagnoses of ocular adnexal sarcomas at a tertiary general hospital over 13 years. Medical records of demographic details, clinicopathological features, treatment, and prognosis at the time of presentation were reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-two cases of ocular adnexal sarcomas were found throughout the study period. The mean age was 37.1 years, with 27 males and 15 females. The most common clinical manifestation was exophthalmos (61.9%), and the median time to diagnosis was 6 months. These tumors most often occurred in the orbit (83.3%). The most common TNM stage at presentation was T2N0M0 (63.6%). Fifteen different histological types were identified; rhabdomyosarcoma accounted for the highest percentage (21.4%), followed by liposarcoma and malignant solitary fibrous tumor (16.7%). The diagnosis of each subtype depended on histomorphologic characteristics, supplemented by immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology. Most patients (56.8%) underwent multimodality therapy. Thirty-seven (88.1%) patients completed follow-up, while five patients were lost to follow-up. Of these 37 patients, 24 (64.9%) survived and 13 (35.1%) died; 19 (51.4%) experienced local recurrence, and 13 (35.1%) developed metastasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ocular adnexal sarcomas are rare and histologically diverse, with rhabdomyosarcoma predominating in children and liposarcoma and malignant solitary fibrous tumor in adults. Middle-aged and elderly patients presenting with unilateral proptosis accompanied by visual impairment, especially in cases of cranio-orbital communication associated with headache, should raise suspicion for the possibility of malignant solitary fibrous tumor to avoid delayed diagnosis. Among liposarcomas, atypical lipomatous tumor/highly differentiated liposarcoma is more common. Accurate pathological diagnosis is crucial and requires a combination of histomorphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147283617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}