International Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"The effect of phacoemulsification surgery on early stage retrobulbar blood flow in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.","authors":"Nihat Aydın, Melek Tufek, Ahmet Turan Kaya, Burcu Akman, Pınar Nalcacıoglu","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03470-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03470-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Evaluation of the effect of phacoemulsification surgery on retrobulbar blood flow in cataract patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 104 eyes of 52 cataract patients with bilateral PES were included in the study. The preoperative and the postoperative first month peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI) values of the central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) of the eyes that underwent surgery and the other eyes that did not were evaluated with color Doppler ultrasonography. While the preoperative and postoperative 1st month values of the operated eye were compared, postoperative 1st month values of the operated eye were compared with the other eye that did not undergo surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSV and EDV values of the CRA and OA were found to be statistically significantly lower in the postoperative period compared to the preoperative period in the operated eye (p = 0.05, p = 0.017, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). When the operated and non-operated eyes were compared, the CRA PSV value was statistically significantly lower in the operated eye while no statistically significant change was observed between the groups in terms of the CRA EDV and OA PSV and EDV values (p = 0.043, p = 0.153, p = 0.091, p = 0.264, respectively). No difference was present between the groups in terms of RI and PI values of the CRA and OA (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Phacoemulsification surgery causes a decrease in retrobulbar blood flow in the early postoperative period in cataract patients with PES.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the ocular involvement in multiple myeloma: a comprehensive review of 70-year clinical studies.","authors":"Matteo Ripa, Chiara Schipa, Paola Aceto, Neeraj Apoorva Shah","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03467-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03467-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review the ocular symptoms and the related physiopathology in patients diagnosed with multiple myeloma (MM) to evaluate whether the ocular manifestations can be considered a disease hallmark that can guide the clinician's decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive review of three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase) was conducted until April 25, 2024. Studies reporting intra- or extraocular manifestations of MM were included, excluding cases of other monoclonal gammopathies or therapy-related ocular effects. After screening 1873 initial results and hand-searching references, 82 articles were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ophthalmic manifestations may be the first sign or represent MM relapsing. Several eyelid manifestations have been reported, including bilateral eyelid ecchymosis, cutaneous xanthomatosis, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, localized lipid deposits, ptosis associated with diplopia, and eyelid ectropion. Several reports have reported crystalline deposits throughout all layers of the cornea, including the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of MM patients. In addition, copper deposition that appears as a greenish-brown deposit affecting the central cornea on Descemet's membrane with unique characteristics has also been rarely reported in MM patients. Beyond anterior segment involvement, the retina and choroid can also be affected in MM with bilateral central retinal vein occlusion, choroidal effusion, ciliary body cysts, Purtscher's retinopathy, and microvascular changes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early recognition of MM's ophthalmic manifestations is essential to establish an early diagnosis and treatment. Hence, all patients diagnosed with MM should undergo a thorough ophthalmic examination. Therefore, a close collaboration between hematologists and ophthalmologists could lead to earlier diagnoses and potentially impact the course of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function of levator palpebrae superioris in dry eye disease.","authors":"Eun Chul Kim, Ha-Rim So, Sung Eun Kim, Suk-Woo Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03484-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03484-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effect of levator palpebrae superioris in patients with dry eye disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>168 eyes of 84 patients (group 1 = fair levator function ≤ 9 mm, 78 eyes; group 2 = good levator function > 9 mm, 90 eyes) were retrospectively enrolled. Levator function test, Ocular Surface Disease Index Questionnaire (OSDI), Schirmer I test, noninvasive tear break up time (NItBUT), corneal staining score, meibography, meibum quality and expressibility scores, tear meniscus height, and partial blinking rate (PBR) were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no statistically significant differences between group 1 (0.45 ± 0.76) and 2 (0.58 ± 0.76) according to OSDI and corneal stain (P > 0.05). PBR and NItBUT in group 2 (9.29 ± 4.01 and 4.76 ± 2.39, respectively) were significantly worse than those in group 1 (5.88 ± 3.99 and 5.78 ± 2.94, respectively) (P < 0.05). There was a significantly positive correlation between levator function and partial blinking rate (R = 0.4114, P = 0.0002). Meibum expressibility and lipid thickness in group 2 (0.48 ± 0.70 and 1.39 ± 0.45, respectively) were significantly better than those in group 1 (1.29 ± 0.65 and 1.12 ± 0.33, respectively) (P < 0.05) (Fig. 3). There was a significantly negative correlation between levator function and meibum expressibility grade (R = -0.3869, P = 0.0006) (Fig. 5).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The eyes with good levator function showed shorter tear break-up time due to a higher partial blinking rate, but showed better lipid thickness due to better meibum expressibility compared with the eyes with fair levator function. Evaporative dry eye disease in the eyes with good levator function can be compensated for by a better meibum expressibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cost-saving, picture-assisted method for toric intraocular lens alignment versus manual self-leveling marking via RoboMarker.","authors":"David Kiessling, Gernot F Roessler, Randolf A Widder","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03479-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03479-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the accuracy of two axis-marking methods for toric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, one picture-assisted approach based on scleral vessel vectors, and the other based on a self-leveling device for manual marking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study involved 60 eyes of 51 participants, who underwent phacoemulsification with toric IOL implantation. In all eyes, preoperative markings were made in a seated position both manually via a self-leveling corneal marker (RoboMarker), and digitally on slit-lamp photographs, defining scleral vessels as landmarks, aiding to find the correct intraoperative orientation for an angular graduation instrument. The axis of IOL alignment at the end of surgery was determined from high resolution, intraoperative footage from a microscope-integrated camera and the axis-marking error served as an outcome measurement for both marking techniques. The endpoint was the alignment of the lens at the end of surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The average axis-marking error was 2.5 ± 1.9 degrees for picture-assisted marking, which was significantly less than that of the self-leveling corneal marker, being 5.4 ± 4.4 degrees.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate that scleral vessel vector marking leads to highly accurate toric IOL alignments, while being an inexpensive technique, as solely a slit-lamp camera is required for preoperative preparation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of choroidal thickness and vascularity in patients with subretinal drusenoid deposits and large drusen using swept-source optical coherence tomography.","authors":"Erkut Küçük, Müge Çoban Karataş","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03455-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03455-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this study is to assess the choroidal features in patients diagnosed with non-advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using Swept-source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) and compare the findings of those with subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) and those with large drusen.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals aged 50 years and above, presenting with either SDD or large drusen alongside non-advanced AMD, underwent a thorough ophthalmic assessment. OCT scans were acquired using SS-OCT. Choroidal thickness (CT) maps within the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) subfields were obtained. Choroidal vascularity index (CVI) was obtained from a foveal horizontal OCT scan, and it was determined as the ratio of luminal area to the total choroidal area. The data obtained were compared between the groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-three eyes of 27 patients with SDD and 40 eyes of 21 patients with large drusen were included in the study. The mean age was 72.0 ± 8.6 years in the SDD group and 71.3 ± 5.6 years in the large drusen group with no significant difference (p = 0.717). In the choroidal thickness maps CT and CT in all ETDRS subfields were significantly lower in SDD group compared to the large drusen group. CVI values were not significantly different between SDD (0.628 ± 0.18) and large drusen groups (0.629 ± 0.20) (p = 0.812).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-advanced AMD patients with SDD exhibited reduced choroidal thickness compared to those with large drusen. Choroidal vascularity index did not significantly differ, suggesting that choroidal thickness may play a more substantial role than vascularity changes in the pathogenesis of SDD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Macular hole repair using a refined viscoelastic assisted membrane positioning technique markedly improves surgical success rates.","authors":"Anny M S Cheng, Shailesh K Gupta, Nizar S Abdelfattah, Kakarla V Chalam","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03466-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10792-025-03466-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To evaluate the surgical outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) using dispersive viscoelastic-assisted inverted internal limiting membrane (VILM) flap technique in patients with full-thickness macular holes (MH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively review 247 eyes that underwent PPV with the VILM flap technique and had a minimum follow-up of six months. Following core vitrectomy, the internal limiting membrane (ILM), stained with indocyanine green, was placed on the MH. A dispersive viscosurgical device was applied over the ILM flat to secure its placement before fluid-gas exchange. Sulfur hexafluoride gas was used for tamponade, and patients maintained face-down positioning postoperatively. The primary outcomes assessed were anatomical closure of MH at 90 days confirmed with optical coherence tomography and changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Anatomical closure of MH was achieved in 98% of eyes at 90 days postoperatively. Success rates were inversely correlated with MH diameter: 100% for small (< 400 μm; n = 122), 98% for medium (400-800 μm; n = 102), and 91.3% for large (> 800 μm; n = 23) holes. The median improvement in BCVA was 0.3 logMAR. Significant improvement in BCVA was observed at three months (p = 0.025) and six months (p = 0.019) postoperatively. Final BCVA improved in 87% of eyes (n = 215), remained stable in 11% (n = 27), and worsened in 2% (n = 5). No cases of ILM flap displacement were noted.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The VILM flap technique during PPV is highly effective for treating MH, demonstrating high anatomical closure rates and significant visual improvement. This method enhances the likelihood of successful outcomes after initial surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11909052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of capsule support hooks vs. iris hooks in cataract surgery for cases with zonular insufficiency.","authors":"Ali Ceylan, Yusuf Berk Akbas, Fahri Onur Aydin, Ömer Faruk Peker, Burcin Kepez Yildiz, Yusuf Yildirim","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03477-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03477-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the efficacy and safety of capsule support hooks and iris hooks in stabilizing the capsular bag during cataract surgery in patients with significant zonular weakness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective comparative study included 46 eyes of 39 patients with zonular weakness exceeding 90 degrees who underwent cataract surgery at a tertiary clinic. Patients were divided into two groups due to intraoperative usage of capsule support hooks (Group 1) or iris hooks (Group 2) for capsular stabilization. Intraoperative complications such as capsular tears and vitreous loss, as well as postoperative visual outcomes and intraocular lens (IOL) centration, were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in terms of postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressures between the two groups (p = 0.370, p = 0.250 respectively). Anterior capsular tear occurred in 4 eyes in the iris hook group compared to none in the capsule support hook group (p = 0.017). Vitreous loss was observed in 4 eyes in the capsule hook group and 7 eyes in the iris hook group (p = 0.122). Cystoid macular edema developed in 1 patient in each group (p = 0.849).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Capsule support hooks provide a safer and more stable option for capsular stabilization for zonular weakness during cataract surgery with a lower incidence of intraoperative complications compared to iris hooks. Despite their higher cost and limited availability, capsule support hooks should be preferred to enhance surgical outcomes and patient safety. Iris hooks, while less optimal, remain a viable alternative when capsule support hooks are not available.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of macular edema recurrence and visual outcomes in branch retinal vein occlusion treated with aflibercept or ranibizumab.","authors":"Jung-Tzu Chang, Hsiang-Wen Chien, Yi-Ting Hsieh, Kwan-Rong Liu, Po-Cheng Kuo, Cheng-Lien Ho, Chu-Hsuan Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03480-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03480-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the risk factors for visual outcomes and recurrence of macular edema (ME) in branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) after intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty eyes of 30 patients with recent-onset, treatment naive BRVO with ME receiving IVI aflibercept and ranibizumab in a tertiary care hospital were enrolled retrospectively. Treatment response was classified into \"responsive group\" and \"recurrent/refractory group\" by absence or presence of ME after consecutive monthly IVI anti-VEGF therapy. The correlation between the optical coherent tomography and fluorescein angiography features and treatment response was analyzed during a 1-year follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In thirty eyes, the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) improved from 0.69 ± 0.39 to 0.55 ± 0.48, and was comparable in the responsive and recurrent/refractory groups (p = 0.683). At baseline, the recurrent group had a higher prevalence of subretinal fluid (SRF), disruption in the ellipsoid zone, and greater central macular thickness (CMT) than in the responsive group. Worse initial BCVA, presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and external limiting membrane disruption at the third month after treatment was associated with poorer final BCVA (p = 0.021, 0.014, and 0.044, respectively). Cases receiving three consecutive loading injections indicated better final BCVA (p = 0.008). Patients receiving aflibercept required fewer injections than those receiving ranibizumab (p = 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Baseline predictors of ME recurrence included SRF presence, outer retinal layer disruptions, and greater CMT. Baseline vision, IRF at 3rd month, and the number of consecutive loading injection were correlated with visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"96"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for hyphema following pars plana vitrectomy with intravitreal gas injection in vitreoretinal disease.","authors":"Ki Tae Nam, Jaeheon Kim, Ahnul Ha, Seongmi Kim, Jinho Jeong","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03459-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03459-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the risk factors and outcomes associated with hyphema after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal gas injection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 252 patients (252 eyes) who underwent PPV with intravitreal gas injection between January 1, 2011, and August 30, 2023. Patients were grouped based on the presence of hyphema within one week postoperatively. We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the patients, surgical procedures, and the risk factors associated with the occurrence of hyphema.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperative hyphema developed in 16 (6.3%) eyes. The hyphema group was significantly younger (54.00 ± 10.88 years vs. 61.06 ± 12.41 years, P = 0.027) compared to the non-hyphema group. Additionally, the hyphema group had a higher percentage of high myopia (68.8% vs. 19.1%, P < 0.001) and a longer surgical duration (89.00 ± 33.35 min vs. 71.00 ± 28.64 min, P = 0.017) compared to the non-hyphema group. The anatomical success rate of the primary surgery at 6 months did not differ significantly between the hyphema and non-hyphema groups (93.8% vs. 95.3%, P = 0.773). High myopia (OR, 10.014; 95% CI 3.211-31.235; P < 0.001) and longer surgical duration (min) (OR, 1.019; 95% CI 1.003-1.035; P = 0.019) were significantly associated with the occurrence of hyphema.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High myopia and longer surgical duration were risk factors for hyphema development after PPV with intravitreal gas injection. Hyphema occurrence may not have had a significant impact on the anatomical success rate at 6 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An examination of the ocular effects of methylphenidate used in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.","authors":"Dilek Uzlu, Samiye Çilem Bilginer, Yasin Yaşar, Cansu Taşdemir, Hidayet Erdöl, Murat Günay, Büşra Köse","doi":"10.1007/s10792-025-03471-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-025-03471-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction-aim: </strong>To examine the ocular effects of methylphenidate used in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Children diagnosed with ADHD and healthy control children were included in the study. The cases were divided into three groups-those with attention-deficit and hyperactivity and receiving methylphenidate therapy (Group 1), newly diagnosed cases not using medication (Group 2), and healthy, control group children (Group 3), and the results obtained were compared between them. The morphology and numbers of corneal endothelial cells, corneal thickness, choroidal thickness (CT), retinal thickness (RT), the ganglion cell layer (GCL), and retina nerve fiber layer were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty children diagnosed with ADHD and receiving methylphenidate therapy for at least one year (Group 1), 32 children newly diagnosed with ADHD and not started on medication (Group 2), and a control group of 35 healthy children (Group 3) were included in the study. Mean ages were 10.53 ± 2.78 years in Group 1, 9.21 ± 1.85 in Group 2, and 11.03 ± 3.01 in Group 3. No statistically significant differences were observed among the three groups in terms of age, visual acuity, or refraction values (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were determined in endothelial cell counts and hexagonality values between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.041 and p = 0.031, respectively). No significant difference was observed among the three groups in terms of central CT, central RT, or mean RNFL values (p > 0.05). However, GCL values differed between groups 1 and 2 and between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.02, respectively), but no significant difference was observed between groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.551).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Corneal endothelial counts were lower in the children diagnosed with ADHD and receiving methylphenidate therapy than in those not receiving treatment and the control group. In addition, GCL measurements were lower in the children diagnosed with ADHD and not using medication compared to those using methylphenidate and the control group.</p>","PeriodicalId":14473,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology","volume":"45 1","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}