International Wound Journal最新文献

{"title":"Early Prediction of Scar Outcomes: A Prospective Study on the Predictive Value of 3-Month Scar Assessments for 12-Month Results","authors":"Rena A. Li,&nbsp;Antoinette T. Nguyen,&nbsp;Bradley A. Melnick,&nbsp;Kelly C. Ho,&nbsp;Madeline J. O'Connor,&nbsp;Chad M. Teven,&nbsp;Thomas A. Mustoe,&nbsp;Robert D. Galiano","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70878","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Scar outcomes are traditionally evaluated at 12 months post-surgery, yet early prediction of long-term scar characteristics may facilitate timely interventions, enhance treatment strategies, shorten clinical trial durations, and improve patient outcomes. This study evaluates whether 3-month scar assessments reliably predict 12-month outcomes using validated scar assessment scales and interrater reliability measures. Two surgeons evaluated a prospective cohort of 40 surgical patients using standardised scar assessment tools. Logistic regression assessed the predictive value of 3-month classifications for 12-month binary outcomes (‘good’ vs. ‘poor’ scar quality), while linear regression evaluated continuous scar scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and area under the curve (AUC) values quantified predictive accuracy. Scars classified as ‘good’ at 3 months were significantly more likely to remain ‘good’ at 12 months (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with strong predictive performance (AUC = 0.763). Linear regression demonstrated significant predictive accuracy for width, height, and overall opinion. However, vascularity predictions were weak, and depth was not significantly associated with long-term outcomes. Interrater reliability was moderate to good across measures, with intraclass correlation coefficients values ranging from 0.215 (depth) to 0.714 (width), and Cohen's Kappa for binary scar classifications of 0.505 (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Early 3-month scar assessments reliably predict 12-month outcomes for width, height, and overall opinion, while vascularity and depth remain less predictable. Scars rated as ‘good’ at 3 months are unlikely to worsen, while ‘poor’ scars rarely improve without intervention. These findings highlight the utility of early scar evaluations in guiding postoperative management and patient counselling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052222/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction Model for Skin Damage Related to Medical Adhesives in Adult Patients Undergoing Degenerative Spine Surgery","authors":"Jeongwon Han,&nbsp;Hanna Lee,&nbsp;Changgi Park,&nbsp;In-Seok Son,&nbsp;Young Hee Seo","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70895","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70895","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to develop a prediction model for the occurrence of medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSIs) based on electronic medical records (EMRs) of adult patients who underwent degenerative spine surgery. This study used the EMR data of adult patients who underwent degenerative spine surgery at a university hospital in Seoul between January 2020 and December 2024. Seven machine learning algorithms and the SuperLearner algorithm were used to evaluate the performance of the SuperLearner model. Performance was focused on the area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision and F1 score. Among the machine learning algorithms, the RuleFit algorithm showed the best performance, with an AUC of 0.723, accuracy of 0.689, sensitivity of 0.959, specificity of 0.276, precision of 0.762 and F1 score of 0.789. In contrast, predicting MARSI using the SuperLearner algorithm had an AUC of 0.951, accuracy of 0.834, sensitivity of 0.635, specificity of 0.964, precision of 0.921 and F1 score of 0.752. This study provides practical evidence for the early identification of high-risk patients and establishment of customized nursing plans by presenting a MARSI prediction model using the SuperLearner ensemble. Future research is recommended to verify the external validity of the model through prospective studies and integration of clinical decision support systems.</p><p><b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier KCT0010601.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13052116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147622918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic-Loaded Calcium Sulphate Beads in Wound Management: A Scoping Review of Emerging Applications in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.","authors":"M Marcasciano, M Astolfi, J Nanni, C Chang, A Russo, L Losco, F Lo Torto, B Fanelli, M Greco, D Casella","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70903","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Calcium sulphate (CS) is a fully synthetic, sterile, bioabsorbable biomaterial extensively applied for the management of infected tissues and postoperative dead spaces resulting from surgical interventions. Residual DS may facilitate hematoma accumulation and bacterial colonisation, thereby heightening the risk of surgical-site infections. Within orthopaedic surgery, CS has been predominantly evaluated as a bone-void filler and an off-label antibiotic delivery vehicle-particularly in arthroplasty revisions, chronic osteomyelitis, and open fractures-yielding high rates of infection prophylaxis, bone regeneration, and low complication profiles. Commercially available as injectable 'pearls' or beads, CS permits local, sustained antibiotic elution while undergoing gradual biodegradation, thus obviating the need for secondary removal procedures. Over the last decade, Calcium Sulphate beads (CSBs) have transcended orthopaedics, gaining traction across general, vascular, and endocrine surgery disciplines for the prevention and treatment of complex wound infections. However, their application in plastic and reconstructive surgery remains underreported, despite the specialty's frequent engagement with complex soft-tissue defects, bone exposure, suture dehiscence, and trauma-related wounds vulnerable to infection. To our knowledge, this represents the first scoping review synthesising current evidence, clinical indications, and emerging roles of CSBs within plastic and reconstructive surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"e70903"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13087891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The First Reported Clinical Outcomes of a Next Generation Five-Layer Foam Dressing for Exudate Management: A Retrospective, Real World, Cohort Analysis From the United States.","authors":"Catherine Milne, Adam Tompkin, Mandy Spitzer, Sarah Megginson, Julie M Murdoch, Kelly McFee","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70905","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The management of wound exudate is a critical component of best practice, evidence-based wound care. This analysis aimed to demonstrate the first clinical and performance outcomes of a newly designed, next generation five-layer foam dressing for exudate management. A real-world, retrospective cohort analysis was conducted at two healthcare organizations in the United States (US). Patients with acute or chronic wounds receiving a next generation five-layer foam dressing were extracted from the organizations' Electronic Medical Record (EMR) systems. Utilizing descriptive statistics, the clinical outcomes and Healthcare Professional (HCP) reported dressing performance outcomes are reported. Twenty-five patients with 28 acute or chronic wounds were evaluated during routine care, over a median treatment period of 42 days. Exudate levels improved, with high exudate decreasing from 60.7% to 39.3%, and favourable shifts in exudate type over time. Periwound condition improved, with maceration decreasing from 67.9% to 14.3%. Median wound area and volume decreased by 46.3% and 51.3%, respectively, with 17.9% of wounds achieving complete closure. HCP-reported dressing performance exceeded expectations at 93%. This retrospective analysis demonstrates improvements in exudate levels, periwound status and wound status, alongside favourable HCP-reported performance of a new next-generation five-layer foam dressing, during routine wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 Suppl 1 ","pages":"e70905"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimally Invasive, Maximally Effective: Outpatient Strategies for Paediatric Pilonidal Disease.","authors":"Collette Teresa Donnelly, Noora Al Shahwani, Noriza Que, Gerald James Lopez Roxas, Melanie Aquino, Biji Oommen, Azka Ahmad, Maraeh Mancha","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.70907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pilonidal sinus disease (PNS) in children and adolescents lacks standardised management pathways. Minimally invasive and outpatient-based strategies are increasingly adopted, but paediatric-specific data remain limited. This study evaluated outcomes following implementation of a structured, tiered outpatient pathway. A retrospective single-centre cohort study was conducted including patients aged ≤ 18 years treated for PNS between February 2023 and August 2024. Management followed a stepwise protocol: structured conservative care, in-clinic debridement and operative intervention (trephination or limited excision) for refractory or severe disease. Primary outcome was recurrence after documented healing. Secondary outcomes included time to healing, clinic utilisation and associations with clinical variables. 69 patients were included (median age 15 years [IQR 14-16]; 64% male). Twenty-three patients (33.3%) required operative management. Recurrence occurred in 6/23 (26.1%) in the operative group and 1/46 (2.2%) in the non-operative group (Fisher's exact p = 0.0045). Median follow-up duration did not differ significantly between groups. Prior infection at presentation showed a numerical but not statistically significant association with recurrence. Time to healing was prolonged in both groups and did not differ significantly. Within a structured outpatient pathway, paediatric patients demonstrated low overall recurrence rates. Conservative management was associated with lower recurrence; however, patients undergoing operative intervention likely represented a more severe subgroup. Prospective severity-adjusted studies are required to define optimal paediatric wound management strategies for PNS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"e70907"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13102628/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adipose-Derived Stem Cells as Therapeutic Approach in Hypertrophic Scar Formation-A Systematic Review.","authors":"Michael Kohlhauser, Sabrina Lüttschwager, Anna Lisa Pignet, Marlies Schellnegger, Maximilian Moshammer, Lars-Peter Kamolz","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70899","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite numerous therapeutic approaches, the inhibition of hypertrophic scar formation remains a major challenge. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) have been shown to improve wound healing, including remodelling, in vivo. A systematic review was conducted using the electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Medline. The basic research question was formulated with the PICO framework. The aim of this review is to prove the role of ADSCs in the prevention of hypertrophic scar formation based on in vivo studies. Improved macroscopic outcomes with the use of ADSCs have been shown in nine of 10 studies included. Eight studies report inhibition on fibroblast activation, while all studies highlight the efficacy in promoting the extracellular matrix deposition and remodelling process. The immunomodulatory effects of ADSCs during inflammation have been demonstrated in six studies. One study each investigated the effect on adipogenesis or angiogenesis. In all studies the role of ADSCs in the prevention of hypertrophic scarring was conclusive. However, due to their heterogeneity and weighting of disparate outcomes, several investigations only converged upon distinct endpoints. Further research, preferably in pigs, is urgently required in order to assess the role of ADSCs in the prevention of hypertrophic scar.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"e70899"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13083037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Clinical and Economic Burden Through Evidence-Based Dressing Selection for Wound Management: Findings From a Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Catherine Milne, Kelly McFee, Ben Costa, Neil Askew, Devon Allen, Lloyd Atkinson","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70906","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing burden of wounds is placing pressure on clinicians and healthcare providers globally. This study aimed to determine the impact of using a hydrocellular polyurethane foam dressing (HPFD) on weekly dressing changes in mixed aetiology wounds. A systematic literature review was performed to identify studies reporting HPFD use versus other/previous dressings via PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. A total of four studies were found reporting the use of HPFD in comparison to other dressings (386 patients), with 3 of these studies specifically providing data for HPFD use versus other (non-HPFD) foam dressings (136 patients). Meta-analysis revealed mean differences of -1.66 [95% CI -1.87;-1.48] and -1.23 [95% CI -1.65;-0.83] dressing changes per week in favour of HPFD versus other dressings and other foam dressings, respectively. A cost calculator model assessed the economic impact of this reduction of dressing change frequency from US and UK payer perspectives and found a 41% and 36% relative reduction in dressing change-related costs in hospital/clinic and community settings for both perspectives. These findings were stable under sensitivity analyses, which identified clinical time as being the predominant driver of costs in all settings. These findings highlight the importance of appropriate evidence-based dressing selection in enabling the extension of dressing wear times.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 Suppl 1 ","pages":"e70906"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13124248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Medical Device-Related Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale.","authors":"Ayişe Karadağ, Aleyna Uçanbelen, Öznur Erbay Dalli","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70918","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical device-related pressure injuries are a significant and largely preventable patient safety problem, yet existing pressure injury risk scales do not adequately capture device-specific risk factors in adults. This methodological study developed and psychometrically evaluated a standardized risk assessment scale to identify medical device-related pressure injury risk in hospitalized adult patients. An initial item pool was generated from an extensive literature review and clinical expertise, and content validity was assessed by seven experts using the Davis technique (content validity index = 0.96). The scale was administered to 160 adults receiving at least one medical device in medical, surgical and oncology wards and intensive care units of a university hospital. Construct validity was evaluated using binary logistic regression, exploratory factor analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, demonstrating strong discrimination (area under the curve = 0.844, 95% confidence interval 0.728-0.961) with an optimal cut-off score of 14.5 (sensitivity 70.6%, specificity 88.8%). Exploratory factor analysis of the final version of the MedRAS (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.792) revealed a two-factor structure (Device and Mechanical Factors; Patient and Tissue Factors) explaining 50.92% of the total variance, with all factor loadings above 0.30. The scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.80) and very good inter-rater reliability (Cohen's kappa = 0.806, p < 0.001). This device-focused scale may support early risk identification and targeted preventive nursing interventions, with potential to improve patient safety and quality of care in inpatient/critical care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"e70918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Community Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Regarding Burn Prevention and First Aid in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Yahia Ahmed Alsiaghi,&nbsp;Nora Yahya Al-Sayaghi,&nbsp;Basheer M. Othman,&nbsp;Mohaned Yahia Al-ajaly,&nbsp;Abdulfattah Altam,&nbsp;Aymen Mohammed Ghanem,&nbsp;Hanan ALShahady,&nbsp;Ahmed A. S. AL-Magedi","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70898","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70898","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Burns are a major cause of morbidity in Yemen, and their prevention relies heavily on community knowledge and safe practices. Understanding gaps in awareness and behaviour is essential for designing effective interventions. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding burn prevention and first aid among a Yemeni community. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 380 participants using a structured questionnaire distributed via social media and community networks. Data were collected on demographics, educational level, occupation, residential area and KAP related to household, electrical and chemical burns. Associations between participant characteristics and burn-related KAPs were analysed. Participants were predominantly female (63.7%), aged 15–45 years (79.8%), urban residents (92.9%) and university-educated (82.1%). Healthcare workers comprised 50.8% of respondents. Knowledge of burn prevention and first aid was highest among university-educated and healthcare participants, with 84.6% correctly identifying initial burn management. Unsafe practices, such as applying honey or toothpaste and improper handling of chemical or electrical injuries, were more common among less-educated, rural and nonhealthcare respondents. Urban participants demonstrated better preventive practices, while cultural reliance on traditional remedies persisted across all groups. Among predominantly urban and educated populations in Yemen, knowledge and attitudes toward burn prevention and first aid are generally favourable; however, gaps persist, particularly in rural and less-educated communities. Cultural practices and misconceptions continue to limit optimal care. These findings underscore the urgent need for culturally sensitive, literacy-appropriate, community-based interventions to improve burn prevention, first aid practices and equitable health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13042722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of a Machine Learning-Based Nomogram for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk in Respiratory Patients.","authors":"Qian Qian, Lu Han, Hao Chen, Mingyue Gao","doi":"10.1111/iwj.70924","DOIUrl":"10.1111/iwj.70924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pressure ulcers represent a significant healthcare challenge among respiratory patients. This study aimed to develop and validate a predictive nomogram based on machine learning algorithms to identify patients at high risk for pressure ulcer development. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 263 respiratory patients (166 with pressure ulcers). Patients were randomly divided into training and testing cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. Potential risk factors were identified through univariate logistic regression. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression selected 17 significant predictors, from which 10 variables with optimal predictive values were incorporated into a nomogram model. Model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA). The final nomogram incorporated 10 predictors: age, albumin, C-reactive protein, serum sodium, history of diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral vascular disease, urinary incontinence, length of hospital stay and Braden sensory perception score. The model demonstrated excellent discriminative ability with AUCs of 0.865 (95% CI: 0.816-0.914) in the training cohort and 0.837 (95% CI: 0.783-0.891) in the testing cohort. Calibration curves showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities (Hosmer-Lemeshow test: training cohort χ² = 4.257, P = 0.833; testing cohort χ² = 12.350, P = 0.142). DCA confirmed the nomogram's superior clinical utility compared to individual predictors across a wide range of threshold probabilities. The machine learning-derived nomogram provides a practical, noninvasive tool for early identification of respiratory patients at risk for pressure ulcers. Implementation of this model could facilitate timely intervention strategies, potentially reducing the incidence of pressure ulcers and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14451,"journal":{"name":"International Wound Journal","volume":"23 4","pages":"e70924"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13095859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147728930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}