International psychogeriatrics最新文献

{"title":"The role of functional dependence in depressive symptoms among centenarians: Findings from the SWISS100 study.","authors":"Carla Gomes da Rocha, Daniela S Jopp, Adar Hoffman, Justine Falciola, Stefano Cavalli, François R Herrmann, Christina Röcke, Henk Verloo, Olga Ribeiro, Armin von Gunten","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyse the prevalence of depressive symptoms in centenarians, identify their predictors, and explore the role of functional dependence as a contributing factor.</p><p><strong>Design setting, and participants: </strong>Cross-sectional baseline data from the Swiss Centenarian Study (n = 102), including community-dwelling and institutionalised participants with complete data on depressive symptoms and functional capacity.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Functional capacity was assessed using the Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale - Short Form. Group differences were analysed using Chi-squared tests; relationships were examined with correlations. Multiple linear regressions identified predictors. Mediation analysis explored the interplay between functional capacity, living situation, and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Functional capacity varied, with basic activities of daily living generally better preserved than instrumental activities. Almost one-fourth of participants screened positive for possible clinical depression, which was significantly more common among institutionalised centenarians (p < .05). Health conditions, anxiety, and lower functional capacity were significant predictors of depressive symptoms and together explained 24.7 % of the variance, with anxiety being the strongest predictor followed by health conditions and functional capacity. Mediation analysis showed that functional capacity mediated the relationship between living situation and depressive symptoms, highlighting its critical role in mental health.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant proportion of centenarians screened positive for depression, underscoring the need for greater attention to depressive symptoms and systematic screening. Targeted interventions promoting functional independence may play an important role to prevent depression, and strategies are needed to encourage institutionalised very old individuals to re-develop and maintain a certain level of independence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"100071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national burden and attributable risk factors of depressive disorders among older adults, 1990-2021.","authors":"Bingyi Wang, Chaohua Lan, Ke Liu, Leiwen Fu, Peng Zhang, Cailing Ao, Qiqiao Zhang, Qiongfang Wu, Fang Yang, Yan Li, Yong Lu, Xiaobing Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a highly prevalent and disabling mental health condition among older adults, the epidemiology of depressive disorders could have evolved with global ageing. We aimed to assess the global, regional, and national burdens and trends of depressive disorders among older adults aged ≥ 55 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 on the incidence, prevalence and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) of depressive disorders for older adults. Estimated annual percentage changes were calculated to quantify the temporal trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, there were an estimated 93.1 million (95 % UI 80.4-108.5) older adults with depressive disorders globally, representing a substantial increase of 136.1 % from the 1990 estimates. The number of DALYs globally in 2021 was 14.8 million (10.3-20.1) for depressive disorders. The largest increase in DALYs was observed in High-income Asia Pacific, while the largest reduction was in Eastern Europe. In terms of risk factors, the corresponding estimated annual percentage change for intimate partner violence was -0.02 % (-0.11 to 0.07), and for childhood sexual abuse and bullying was -0.22 % (-0.30 to -0.14), from 1990 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For three decades, improved health conditions had not resulted in the expected decline in depressive disorders burdens among older adults, highlighting the need for health policy attention, especially in countries with low to medium Socio-demographic Index. It is important to align funding priorities with epidemiological shifts in low- and middle-income countries to mitigate depressive disorders burdens among this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"100069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-review and synthesis of the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for people living with dementia nearing the end of life and their family carers.","authors":"Nathan Davies, Yolanda Barrado-Martín, Jesutofunmi Aworinde, Victoria Vickerstaff, Kirsten Moore, Charlotte Kenten, Sarah McMullen, Catherine Evans, Elizabeth L Sampson","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dementia, is a leading cause of death internationally, affecting 55 million people. A palliative approach, emphasizing holistic and psychosocial care, is increasingly recognised as essential for addressing the complex needs of people with dementia and their carers. However, little research has explored the interface between psychosocial interventions for people with dementia near the end of life and palliative care, necessitating a synthesis to guide integrated, person-centred care.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To establish a framework of evidence-based psychosocial interventions in dementia palliative care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review using narrative synthesis. Three electronic databases (Epistemonikos, MEDLINE and ASSIA) were searched (January 1980-May 2024), for systematic reviews, guided by the methods of Cochrane overview of reviews. This is part of a series of reviews with the focus for this manuscript on psychosocial interventions for people with dementia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four reviews were included, published between 2009 and 2023. No reviews of interventions covered all domains of dementia palliative care. The majority focussed on neuropsychiatric symptom management and promoting wellbeing. There were no reviews which covered managing care transitions, continuity of care and care co-ordination, or information for people with dementia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is significant progress in the development and evaluation of interventions targeting behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, a critical gap persists in addressing other essential aspects of quality of life and dementia care, with a notable gap in addressing many crucial aspects of palliative dementia care, such as care co-ordination, transitions, and carer support.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"100068"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alterations in functional connectivity in individuals with subjective cognitive decline and hippocampal atrophy.","authors":"B Varela-López, M A Rivas-Fernández, M Zurrón, M Lindín, F Díaz, S Galdo-Alvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to determine whether individuals with Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD), particularly those with a neurostructural marker of risk for AD (SCD+), exhibit differences in the functional connectivity of the Default-Mode Network (DMN) relative to controls, as this network is known to be altered in the AD continuum.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Galicia, Northwest Spain.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The sample compromised 133 participants: 69 controls, 51 SCD and 13 SCD+.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Seed-to-voxel analysis was conducted using four DMN ROIs. Dynamic independent component analysis of the DMN was also performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The SCD and SCD+ groups exhibited DMN hyperconnectivity, which was more extensive in the SCD+ group. Increased anti-correlations between DMN and task-positive parietal regions were related to poorer executive scores in SCD+ and a tendency for higher DMN recurrence in SCD+.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hippocampal atrophy as a SCD+ biomarker is associated with extensive DMN hyperconnectivity and increased anti-correlations between DMN and task-positive network regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"100067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological characteristics and functional abilities in older adults with subjective cognitive complaints: A potential new target for early intervention.","authors":"Jaclyn M Fox, Danielle J Harvey, Christine N Pons, Yichu Chen, Samina Rahman, Michael J Ryan, Jagnoor Randhawa, Alyssa M Weakley, Michelle L Chan, Maureen Schmitter-Edgecombe, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpsyc.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Positive psychological characteristics may help to bolster daily functioning in older adults even in the presence of subjective or subtle objective cognitive weaknesses. The purpose of the present study was to examine which specific psychological characteristics may contribute to better functional abilities, independent of cognitive performance, among a sample of older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>Participants included 277 older adults recruited from the community who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial examining the impact of training in memory support strategies and healthy lifestyle behaviors. The current study was based on baseline data prior to intervention randomization.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Linear regression was used to assess associations between positive psychological characteristics (positive affect, life satisfaction, purpose in life, resiliency, self-management of health, and perceived competence), one negative psychological characteristic (negative affect), and functional abilities controlling for demographic variables. A final model assessed for associations between functional abilities and any of the significant characteristics identified in the linear regressions while controlling for global cognition (measured with the Modified Neuropsychological Test Battery composite score), depression, and demographic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the individual regressions, most of the psychological characteristics were significantly associated with functional abilities. In the final model, positive and negative affect remained significantly associated with functional abilities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is one of the first studies to show that greater positive affect is associated with better functional abilities, even after controlling for objective cognitive performance. Positive affect in older adults may represent a modifiable target for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":" ","pages":"100066"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of enhanced group cognitive behaviour therapy for older adults (CBT-OA) with depression and anxiety: A replication study.","authors":"Anna Skosireva, Linda Gobessi, Gail Eskes, Keri-Leigh Cassidy","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Enhanced cognitive behavioural therapy for older adults (CBT-OA) modifies standard CBT to better address the needs of older adults, considering age-related impacts on learning. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Cassidy's manualized CBT-OA protocol (Cassidy, 2016a, 2016b) for late-life depression or anxiety in a larger sample at a different center.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This retrospective observational study used a within-subject pre-/post-data design to evaluate the CBT-OA group for seniors with depression or anxiety. Outcome measure were compared before and after the CBT-OA intervention. A post-hoc analysis examined differential effects of age ('young-old' versus 'old-old').</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>CBT-OA groups were held in an urban, community-based geriatric psychiatry outpatient setting from 2015-2019.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The analysis included forty community-dwelling outpatients over 65 years old with symptoms of late-life depression and/or anxiety.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Cassidy's manualized CBT-OA protocol for late-life depression or anxiety was used. Five CBT-OA series were held, each lasting 7-9 weeks (average of 8 weeks) with 2-h weekly sessions, involving 6-9 participants per series.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Outcome measures included the self-reported Beck Depression Inventory-II, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Perceived Quality of Life Questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CBT-OA significantly improved mood, anxiety, and perceived quality of life, with the greatest gains in 'young-old' participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This first replication study of Cassidy's CBT-OA protocol for late-life depression or anxiety showed similar positive findings. Future research should use a randomized-controlled design to examine CBT-OA's efficacy, considering different age groups, longer-term follow-up, and well-being measures aligned with positive psychiatry.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":"37 2","pages":"100013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between loneliness, social isolation and dementia - What does it mean?","authors":"Jiska Cohen-Mansfield","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":"37 2","pages":"100003"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Failure to recover from proactive semantic interference predicts trajectory of decline in everyday function among older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"D Diane Zheng, Rosie E Curiel Cid, Alexandra Ortega, Elizabeth A Crocco, David Vaillancourt, Melissa J Armstrong, Breton Asken, Steven T DeKosky, Malek Adjouadi, Glenn Smith, Ranjan Duara, Michael Marsiske, Monica Rosselli, Warren W Barker, David A Loewenstein","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the predictive utility of proactive semantic interference (PSI) and failure to recover from proactive semantic interference (frPSI) deficits on the longitudinal everyday functional decline on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SOB) among older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Longitudinal prospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>1Florida Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (1FLADRC).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>97 older adults aged 54 to 98 years who were diagnosed with aMCI following a baseline evaluation. The average age was 71.9 years, 51 % male, average education 15.7 years, and 56 % Hispanic. The mean MMSE score was 28.0. Participants were followed annually for 3 to 4 visits with a mean follow-up time of 38.9 months (range 22.7 to 70.3 months).</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>CDR-SOB were obtained at each visit and the latent growth curve trajectory of CDR-SOB was estimated. The associations between PSI and frPSI and the growth curve trajectory of CDR-SOB were examined.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The growth curve model that best fits the CDR-SOB trajectory was a linear form and included the fixed and random effect of intercept and slope of time. After adjusting for age, sex, education, Hispanic background, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT) immediate and delayed recall, and amyloid positivity, frPSI (β = -0.134, se=0.04, p < 0.01) remained statistically significant in predicting a steeper slope on the trajectory of decline in CDR-SOB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>frPSI at baseline predicted the rate of everyday functional decline over time among participants with aMCI regardless of amyloid status and demonstrated its utility of longitudinal prediction of change in CDR-SOB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":"37 2","pages":"100005"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12101575/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive remediation for patients with late-life schizophrenia: A follow-up pilot study.","authors":"Angela C Golas, Bishoy M Elgallab, Petal S Abdool, Christopher R Bowie, Tarek K Rajji","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The number of older adults with schizophrenia (\"late-life schizophrenia\" (LLS)) is growing with the aging of the general population. Cognitive impairment in adults with LLS predicts functioning. Cognitive remediation (CR) improves cognition in schizophrenia, however literature in LLS is sparse. Anticholinergic burden (ACB) impacts CR effects. We previously showed that CR is feasible in LLS but did not produce a promising cognitive effect. This study examined the feasibility, tolerability, and effect of an intensive, prolonged and flexible CR on overall and specific cognitive functions in LLS. We also assessed ACB impact on CR effect on global cognition.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Pre-post intervention SETTING PARTICIPANTS: Tertiary care outpatients with LLS INTERVENTION: We adapted the CR protocol from our previous pilot study, providing CR over 24, twice-weekly, therapist-guided group sessions that combined computerized drill-and-practice exercises with skills transference strategies, with additional time allocated for exercise practice.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>We assessed participants at baseline and at study completion using clinical and cognitive measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four participants (mean (SD) age = 65.8 (5.7)) attended at least one CR session, 25 participants completed baseline and follow-up assessments, and 20 participants completed at least 75 % of the CR sessions. There was no time effect on global cognition, although there was an interaction with ACB. There was also a pattern of improvement in executive function across several cognitive tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An intensive, prolonged and flexible CR was feasible and well-tolerated, showing promise in improving executive function of patients with LLS. Larger and randomized controlled trials are needed in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":"37 2","pages":"100006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between changes in apathy and cognition in Alzheimer's disease associated apathy: Analysis of the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2).","authors":"Krushnaa Sankhe, Shankar Tumati, Jamie Perin, Luc Rivet, Danielle Vieira, Paul B Rosenberg, Nathan Herrmann, David Shade, Alan J Lerner, Prasad R Padala, Olga Brawman-Mintzer, Christopher H van Dyck, Anton P Porsteinsson, Suzanne Craft, Allan I Levey, Jacobo Mintzer, Krista L Lanctôt","doi":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.inpsyc.2024.100012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous trials have shown improvements in both apathy and cognition with methylphenidate (MPH).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess whether changes in apathy correlated with changes in cognition in the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2).</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Mild to moderate AD patients with clinically significant apathy randomized to MPH (20 mg/day) or placebo for 6 months.</p><p><strong>Measurements: </strong>Apathy was measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory-apathy (NPI-A) domain. Cognition was measured using the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Hopkins Verbal Learning (immediate [HVLT-I], delayed [HVLT-D] recall), Digit Span (Forward [DF], Backward [DB]), Trail Making (TMT-A, TMT-B), Action Verbal Fluency (AV), Category Fluency (CF), and the Short Boston Naming Test (BNT).</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Linear mixed models included cognitive change scores as dependent variables and time, treatment, change in NPI-A and the interaction between treatment and change in NPI-A as independent variables, which were additionally adjusted for baseline NPI-A and cognitive scores, age, sex, level of education and presence of diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>199 participants (66 % male) were included (98-MPH, 101-placebo). Among all participants, worsening CF was associated with worsening apathy (-0.15 (0.05), p = .003). In addition, change in HVLT-I was associated with the interaction between changes in apathy and treatment (-0.31 (0.07), p = 0.0000158).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Changes in apathy are mostly independent of cognitive changes and apathy response to MPH may be independent from cognition. These results are consistent with the view that apathy as a syndrome is related to but distinct from cognition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14368,"journal":{"name":"International psychogeriatrics","volume":"37 2","pages":"100012"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}