International Ophthalmology Clinics最新文献_第2页

Innovations in Big Data and Omics Towards Phenome-Wide and Genome-Wide Association Studies for Retinal Disease. 视网膜疾病全现象和全基因组关联研究的大数据和组学创新

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000569

Seyedeh M Zekavat, Elizabeth J Rossin

{"title":"Innovations in Big Data and Omics Towards Phenome-Wide and Genome-Wide Association Studies for Retinal Disease.","authors":"Seyedeh M Zekavat, Elizabeth J Rossin","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000569","url":null,"abstract":"The human retina is a multilayered tissue with diverse embryological origins and is, therefore, a window for assessment of ocular, neurological, vascular, and other systemic conditions. Innovations in big data, particularly involving large population biobanks, have enabled improved data sets that facilitate a better understanding of connections between the retina and systemic health. Retinal fundus and optical coherence tomography imaging data provide rich resources for describing interpretable imaging endophenotypes and evaluating their utility as biomarkers for future ocular and systemic conditions. Furthermore, the addition of genomic data to retinal and ophthalmic information has enabled unbiased discovery of the biological mechanisms driving changes in the retina. Assessment of inherited common and rare variants influencing ocular phenotypes through genome-wide association studies, in silico analyses for gene prioritization, pathway enrichment analysis, and experimental validation may enable the identification of biological targets for therapeutic modulation of retinal microvascular indices, neuronal health, and other imaging biomarkers. Further development of polygenic risk scores for retinal phenotypes enables a personalized medicine approach to quantifying inherited disease risk for an individual. While interpretation of causality from observational associations is difficult, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses utilizing genomics can help improve understanding of the causal relationship between different phenotypes. Given the routine, noninvasive nature of retinal imaging, the findings from retinal cross-phenotype and genome-wide analysis have the direct potential for application clinically including in diagnosis, monitoring and prevention, and in treatment of both ocular and systemic conditions.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 3","pages":"40-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Inflammation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. 炎症在老年性黄斑变性中的作用。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000578

James Harris, David Wu

引用次数: 0

Paraneoplastic Syndromes in the Orbit and Ocular Adnexa: A Comprehensive Review. 眼眶和眼附件的副肿瘤综合征：综合综述。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000575

Amee D Azad, Suzanne K Freitag

引用次数: 0

Pediatric Noninfectious Intermediate, Posterior, and Panuveitis: A Review. 儿童非感染性中间、后、全葡萄膜炎：综述。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000574

Da Meng, Sandra Hoyek, Lucia Sobrin, Nimesh A Patel

引用次数: 0

Eyeing Opportunity: A Review of Private Equity in Ophthalmology. 寻找机会：眼科私募股权的回顾。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000573

Darren A Chen, Jo-Ann Haney-Tilton

{"title":"Eyeing Opportunity: A Review of Private Equity in Ophthalmology.","authors":"Darren A Chen, Jo-Ann Haney-Tilton","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000573","url":null,"abstract":"Private equity (PE) acquisition of ophthalmology practices has grown rapidly, reflecting broader trends in the consolidation of health care services. The driving force behind these acquisitions is the potential for high returns through operational efficiencies, increased bargaining power with insurers, and access to lucrative outpatient procedures. However, PE's impact on the quality and cost of ophthalmic care remains unclear. Studies show mixed results: some report increased use of expensive treatments and higher costs, while others suggest minimal changes in patient outcomes or spending. PE's appeal to ophthalmologists includes capital infusion for practice expansion and improved risk management, though concerns exist over profit-driven incentives possibly compromising patient care. The market for ophthalmology practices remains fragmented, with PE firms capitalizing on consolidation opportunities. Despite the growth, there are challenges to assessing the full impact of PE involvement, particularly due to limited research, nondisclosure agreements, and difficulty in selecting control practices for comparison. While PE acquisitions have been accelerating, recent reports indicate a slowdown in 2024, influenced by factors such as interest rates and federal investigations into the health care sector. The future of PE in ophthalmology will likely depend on market conditions, regulatory changes, and further research into its long-term effects on care quality and physician autonomy.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 3","pages":"8-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Innovation in Keratoprostheses: A Review of Modern Devices and Strategies for Preventing and Managing Complications. 角膜假体的创新：现代设备和预防和处理并发症的策略综述。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000564

Rachel Tandias, Leyla Yavuz Saricay, Thomas H Dohlman

引用次数: 0

The Immunopathogenesis of Adamantiades-Behçet Uveitis: Advances in Understanding of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms. adamantiades - behet葡萄膜炎的免疫发病机制：遗传学和分子机制的研究进展。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000576

Lindsay Klofas Kozek, Demetrios G Vavvas

引用次数: 0

Precision Medicine for Diagnosis of Microbial Keratitis. 微生物性角膜炎的精准医学诊断。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000562

Nakul Shekhawat

{"title":"Precision Medicine for Diagnosis of Microbial Keratitis.","authors":"Nakul Shekhawat","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000562","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000562","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial keratitis (MK) is the leading cause of corneal blindness and can be caused by several species of bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Accurate and timely identification of the causative microbe is critical for initiating targeted antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment and preventing vision loss. MK diagnosis currently relies on corneal culture or microscopy, which have suboptimal yield and can produce inconclusive results. MK requires immediate treatment with empiric antimicrobials, followed by targeted treatment after the microbe is identified. The clinical utility of anti-inflammatory therapy in MK remains controversial and likely differs due to host- and microbe-specific factors. Newer diagnostic techniques such as whole genome sequencing, metagenomic deep sequencing, transcriptomics, and proteomics have the potential to greatly improve timeliness, accuracy, and precision when diagnosing and treating MK. Metagenomic deep sequencing can identify pathogenic microbes with comparable or superior accuracy to traditional microbiology techniques, enabling faster and more accurate diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. Whole genome sequencing of corneal culture isolates has the potential to provide patient-specific insights about microbial phylogenetics, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence factors to enable more targeted antimicrobial therapy. Characterization of the host immune response using RNA sequencing or tear proteomics could help inform the use of tailored anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent corneal damage. Although most of these precision medicine approaches are in the research phase, they show the potential to customize MK treatment based on host and microbial factors and improve clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Creating a Standardized Surgical Curriculum for Ophthalmology Residents. 为眼科住院医师创建标准化的外科课程。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000563

Shahzad I Mian, Rafik Issa, Stacey Pineles, Jonathan Reed, Grace Sun, Steven Feldon

{"title":"Creating a Standardized Surgical Curriculum for Ophthalmology Residents.","authors":"Shahzad I Mian, Rafik Issa, Stacey Pineles, Jonathan Reed, Grace Sun, Steven Feldon","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000563","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000563","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although all ophthalmology residency graduates must fulfill the competencies outlined by The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the accrediting body for ophthalmology residency programs in the United States, there remains no standardized means of assessing surgical competency.Methods: A needs analysis was conducted by the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) of primary stakeholders including residents, faculty, and program directors to identify steps required to determine resources needed to assess surgical competency in ophthalmology resident training.Results: Three separate yet related needs were identified: determining a definition for competency in essential tasks, determining competency in advanced tasks, and the creation of educational resources that facilitate achievement of both levels of competency.Conclusion: AUPO developed the Surgical Curriculum for Ophthalmology Residents (SCOR) to provide surgical standards and instructional resources for residents and faculty training the residents. The SCOR program seeks to set the standards for surgical competency at both the basic and advanced levels during residency training.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dropless Cataract Surgery: A Review of the Literature. 无晶状体白内障手术：文献综述。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000560

Alan Y Huang, Nitya Rao, Stephen T Armenti

{"title":"Dropless Cataract Surgery: A Review of the Literature.","authors":"Alan Y Huang, Nitya Rao, Stephen T Armenti","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000560","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000560","url":null,"abstract":"Cataract surgery is one of the most performed surgeries worldwide, often necessitating postoperative eye drops to manage infection, inflammation, and pain. However, complex regimens, patient adherence challenges, and environmental concerns have led to growing interest in \"dropless\" cataract surgery, which eliminates or reduces the need for postoperative drops by delivering medications intraoperatively through injections or drug-eluting implants. This review provides an overview of dropless cataract surgery, focusing on common medications used including antibiotics, steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intraocular pressure medications. Intracameral antibiotic use has become widespread, with strong evidence showing that it effectively reduces the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis without the need for additional topical antibiotics. Steroids, typically delivered through subconjunctival injections or sustained-release implants, show promise in safely and effectively controlling inflammation, though further research is needed to validate fully dropless approaches. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intraocular pressure medications are less frequently included in dropless regimens, with mixed evidence regarding their impact on long-term outcomes. For patients, dropless cataract surgery can help simplify postoperative care and potentially lower out-of-pocket costs. For health systems, recent analyses suggest dropless surgery could reduce overall costs and decrease environmental waste by reducing consumption of eye drop bottles. Future research should focus on assessing true dropless approaches and optimizing medication delivery. Overall, dropless cataract surgery offers many potential benefits for patients, health systems, and the environment. Additional high-quality evidence substantiating these benefits would help advance its adoption globally.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0