International Ophthalmology Clinics最新文献

Creating a Standardized Surgical Curriculum for Ophthalmology Residents.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000563

Shahzad I Mian, Rafik Issa, Stacey Pineles, Jonathan Reed, Grace Sun, Steven Feldon

{"title":"Creating a Standardized Surgical Curriculum for Ophthalmology Residents.","authors":"Shahzad I Mian, Rafik Issa, Stacey Pineles, Jonathan Reed, Grace Sun, Steven Feldon","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000563","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although all ophthalmology residency graduates must fulfill the competencies outlined by The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the accrediting body for ophthalmology residency programs in the United States, there remains no standardized means of assessing surgical competency.Methods: A needs analysis was conducted by the Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology (AUPO) of primary stakeholders including residents, faculty, and program directors to identify steps required to determine resources needed to assess surgical competency in ophthalmology resident training.Results: Three separate yet related needs were identified: determining a definition for competency in essential tasks, determining competency in advanced tasks, and the creation of educational resources that facilitate achievement of both levels of competency.Conclusion: AUPO developed the Surgical Curriculum for Ophthalmology Residents (SCOR) to provide surgical standards and instructional resources for residents and faculty training the residents. The SCOR program seeks to set the standards for surgical competency at both the basic and advanced levels during residency training.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"55-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Precision Medicine for Diagnosis of Microbial Keratitis.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000562

Nakul Shekhawat

{"title":"Precision Medicine for Diagnosis of Microbial Keratitis.","authors":"Nakul Shekhawat","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000562","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial keratitis (MK) is the leading cause of corneal blindness and can be caused by several species of bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Accurate and timely identification of the causative microbe is critical for initiating targeted antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory treatment and preventing vision loss. MK diagnosis currently relies on corneal culture or microscopy, which have suboptimal yield and can produce inconclusive results. MK requires immediate treatment with empiric antimicrobials, followed by targeted treatment after the microbe is identified. The clinical utility of anti-inflammatory therapy in MK remains controversial and likely differs due to host- and microbe-specific factors. Newer diagnostic techniques such as whole genome sequencing, metagenomic deep sequencing, transcriptomics, and proteomics have the potential to greatly improve timeliness, accuracy, and precision when diagnosing and treating MK. Metagenomic deep sequencing can identify pathogenic microbes with comparable or superior accuracy to traditional microbiology techniques, enabling faster and more accurate diagnosis and initiation of appropriate treatment. Whole genome sequencing of corneal culture isolates has the potential to provide patient-specific insights about microbial phylogenetics, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence factors to enable more targeted antimicrobial therapy. Characterization of the host immune response using RNA sequencing or tear proteomics could help inform the use of tailored anti-inflammatory therapies to prevent corneal damage. Although most of these precision medicine approaches are in the research phase, they show the potential to customize MK treatment based on host and microbial factors and improve clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dropless Cataract Surgery: A Review of the Literature.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000560

Alan Y Huang, Nitya Rao, Stephen T Armenti

{"title":"Dropless Cataract Surgery: A Review of the Literature.","authors":"Alan Y Huang, Nitya Rao, Stephen T Armenti","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000560","url":null,"abstract":"Cataract surgery is one of the most performed surgeries worldwide, often necessitating postoperative eye drops to manage infection, inflammation, and pain. However, complex regimens, patient adherence challenges, and environmental concerns have led to growing interest in \"dropless\" cataract surgery, which eliminates or reduces the need for postoperative drops by delivering medications intraoperatively through injections or drug-eluting implants. This review provides an overview of dropless cataract surgery, focusing on common medications used including antibiotics, steroids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intraocular pressure medications. Intracameral antibiotic use has become widespread, with strong evidence showing that it effectively reduces the risk of postoperative endophthalmitis without the need for additional topical antibiotics. Steroids, typically delivered through subconjunctival injections or sustained-release implants, show promise in safely and effectively controlling inflammation, though further research is needed to validate fully dropless approaches. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and intraocular pressure medications are less frequently included in dropless regimens, with mixed evidence regarding their impact on long-term outcomes. For patients, dropless cataract surgery can help simplify postoperative care and potentially lower out-of-pocket costs. For health systems, recent analyses suggest dropless surgery could reduce overall costs and decrease environmental waste by reducing consumption of eye drop bottles. Future research should focus on assessing true dropless approaches and optimizing medication delivery. Overall, dropless cataract surgery offers many potential benefits for patients, health systems, and the environment. Additional high-quality evidence substantiating these benefits would help advance its adoption globally.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"44-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Comprehensive Review of Adenoviral Conjunctivitis: Exploring the Role of Povidone-iodine in Treatment.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000556

Sadiq Shaikh, Hassaam S Choudhry, Hamza Khan, Riya Patel, David Mothy, Mohammad H Dastjerdi

引用次数: 0

Impact of Sepsis on Corneal Transplantation.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000558

Kartik Gannamaneni, Shahzad I Mian

引用次数: 0

Corneal Tissue Addition Keratoplasty for the Treatment of Keratoconus: A Review.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000561

Dena Ballouz, Pauline M Dmitriev, Brandon D Ayres

引用次数: 0

Ocular and Periorbital Manifestations of Molluscum Contagiosum: A 20-year Systematic Review.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000559

Shahrukh Naseer, Shahzad I Mian, Farida E Hakim

{"title":"Ocular and Periorbital Manifestations of Molluscum Contagiosum: A 20-year Systematic Review.","authors":"Shahrukh Naseer, Shahzad I Mian, Farida E Hakim","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000559","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The goal of this study was to conduct a systematic review of publications from the past 20 years on the ocular and periorbital manifestations and complications of molluscum contagiosum (MC), as well as to discuss common diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.Background: MC is a common skin infection with rare ocular manifestations. These presentations are primarily in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and adults with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS). Though rare, ophthalmologists must recognize ocular manifestations early to prevent complications and reduce infection spread, particularly among immunocompromised individuals and pediatric patients.Methods: We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, and Cochrane Library for studies on ocular and periorbital MC published between December 7, 2002 and December 7, 2022. English full-text articles on ocular MC were included, whereas systematic reviews and non-English texts were excluded. Generalized background information and statistical data were extracted from articles outside these criteria when necessary.Results: AD was the most common risk factor in pediatric patients, whereas HIV/AIDS and immunocompromise were prevalent risk factors in adults. Lesions primarily presented on periorbital skin and eyelid margins, with rare ocular surface lesions. Excision and curettage were the most common treatments; while highly active antiretroviral therapy commonly resolved lesions for patients with HIV/AIDS. Secondary follicular conjunctivitis, the most frequent sequela, is often resolved with lesion removal.Conclusion: MC may cause ocular surface, eyelid, and periorbital lesions, often leading to conjunctivitis. Regular skin examinations for pediatric patients with AD and vigilant childcare monitoring can limit transmission. Enhanced training for ophthalmologists on MC presentation and treatment is recommended.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"12-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Opportunities and Challenges in Global Eye Banking: A Review.

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000555

Jackson H Voss, Miles F Greenwald

{"title":"Opportunities and Challenges in Global Eye Banking: A Review.","authors":"Jackson H Voss, Miles F Greenwald","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000555","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This article aims to review the current literature on the severity of global corneal blindness (CB), summarize the current challenges of corneal eye banks in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), and highlight key principles and opportunities for improvement in corneal eye banking in these countries.Methods: In this article, we reviewed available literature pertinent to global CB and corneal transplantation (CT), and eye banking in LMICs, in addition to supplementation with personal communication with eye banking staff working in LMICs.Results: CB is a major cause of global blindness and visual impairment, with numerous etiologies varying by geography, socioeconomics, and age. CT remains the mainstay in surgical intervention for CB, with a robust corneal eye banking system playing a critical role in efforts to decrease the amount of CB. Four vital functions of eye banks include consent, recovery, processing, and distribution, with challenges and opportunities present within each. Eye bank infrastructure in LMICs has had numerous successes and setbacks in the last 20 and much work remains to be done.Conclusions: Much remains to be done in the aim to treat global CB, however, the establishment of ethical, efficient, and high-quality corneal eye banks with subsequent CT acts as a key pillar in the multifaceted approach. With the ultimate goal of self-sufficiency, many eye banks in LMICs lead by example in surmounting challenges shared internationally, and set the stage for others to seize the opportunity to provide tissue to cure CB.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 2","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143673850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Visual and Anatomic Outcomes From Ultracomplex Retinal Detachment Repair in a Large County Hospital. 某大型县级医院超复杂视网膜脱离修复的视觉和解剖结果

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000545

Ariel Chen, Robert E Coffee, Rishabh C Date, Christina Y Weng

{"title":"Visual and Anatomic Outcomes From Ultracomplex Retinal Detachment Repair in a Large County Hospital.","authors":"Ariel Chen, Robert E Coffee, Rishabh C Date, Christina Y Weng","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/IIO.0000000000000545","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate outcomes of ultracomplex retinal detachment (UCRD) repairs performed at a large county hospital.Materials and methods: Retrospective chart review of patients who underwent a UCRD repair, defined as a funnel retinal detachment (RD), RD associated with ocular trauma, or RD requiring retinectomy, 5000 centistoke silicone oil or perfluorocarbon heavy liquid (PFO). The outcomes examined were visual acuity (VA), anatomic success, and phthisis development.Results: Fifty eyes met inclusion criteria; 7 (14%) had a funnel RD, 14 (28%) had a history of ocular trauma, 34 (68%) had a retinectomy, 19 (38%) used 5000 centistoke silicone oil, and 12 (24%) used PFO. The mean follow-up time was 10.9±6.9 months. At 3 months, vision had remained stable or improved for 64% of eyes and the macula was attached for 66% of eyes. The mean preoperative VA was 2.5±0.5 logMAR, and the mean VA at 3 months was 2.4±0.7 logMAR with no statistically significant difference (P=0.30). With multivariate regression, preoperative VA was a statistically significant predictive factor of postoperative VA at 3 months. Nine (18%) of eyes developed phthisis, a mean of 11.4±5.1 months after UCRD repair.Conclusions: Surgical intervention for UCRD can stabilize vision and achieve anatomic success.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 1","pages":"69-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retinal Microstructural and Microvascular Changes in Alzheimer Disease: A Review. 阿尔茨海默病视网膜显微结构和微血管的改变：综述。

International Ophthalmology Clinics Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-23 DOI: 10.1097/IIO.0000000000000549

Marco Antonio Olivares Ordoñez, Rebekah Cossette Smith, Glenn Yiu, Yin Allison Liu

{"title":"Retinal Microstructural and Microvascular Changes in Alzheimer Disease: A Review.","authors":"Marco Antonio Olivares Ordoñez, Rebekah Cossette Smith, Glenn Yiu, Yin Allison Liu","doi":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000549","DOIUrl":"10.1097/IIO.0000000000000549","url":null,"abstract":"\"The eyes are a window to the brain,\" prompting the investigation of whether retinal biomarkers can indicate Alzheimer disease (AD) and cognitive impairment. AD is a neurodegenerative condition with a lengthy preclinical phase where pathologic changes in the central nervous system (CNS) occur before clinical symptoms. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often precedes AD. As part of the CNS, the retina exhibits similar pathologic changes related to AD as those seen in the brains of patients with MCI. Noninvasive imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allow high-resolution visualization of the retina, providing an opportunity to screen and monitor AD noninvasively. In this review, we summarize the relationship between AD and retinal pathology detected by OCT and OCTA. The most common findings in patients with AD include peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thinning, decreased macular thickness, an enlarged foveal avascular zone, and decreased vascular densities in the superficial and deep capillary plexuses. These retinal changes correlate with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of cerebral atrophy, positron emission tomography (PET) findings of increased amyloid load, and neuropsychological testing results suggesting cognitive dysfunction. We conclude that retinal microstructural and microvascular abnormalities may serve as biomarkers for the early detection and clinical monitoring of AD and as tools for evaluating potential treatment effects. Future studies should focus on standardizing protocols for in vivo ophthalmic imaging to measure retinal pathology in AD and MCI.","PeriodicalId":14338,"journal":{"name":"International Ophthalmology Clinics","volume":"65 1","pages":"59-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11817161/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0