International journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of microgravity on retinal neuroimmune responses and visual dysfunction in rats.","authors":"Jin-Shuo Liu, Nai-Qin Yan, Ying-Yan Mao, Chen Xin, Da-Peng Mou, Xin-Xiao Gao, Jia Guo, Ning-Li Wang, Si-Quan Zhu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.01","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze visual dysfunction in rats under simulated weightlessness (SW) by examining trans-laminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) and neuroimmune responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups (ground control and hindlimb unloading-simulated microgravity) using stratified randomization, with each group further subdivided into three exposure durations: SW 2-week (SW-2W), 4-week (SW-4W), and 8-week (SW-8W), <i>n</i>=12 per subgroup. At the designated time points for each group, intraocular pressure (IOP) and intracranial pressure (ICP) were measured, and the trans-laminar cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) was calculated. Additionally, optomotor response (OMR), electroretinography (ERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed. The number of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was quantified <i>via</i> immunofluorescence, the activation of astrocytes and microglial cells was determined, and Sholl analysis was conducted to assess the function and morphology of microglial cells. Data were analyzed with SPSS and GraphPad Prism (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under prolonged simulated microgravity, rats exhibited a progressive increase in both IOP and ICP, with the most pronounced rise observed at 8wk. Concurrently, the TLCPD shifted from a negative value in controls to a positive value. These pressure alterations were associated with retinal dysfunction, as evidenced by significant reductions in ERG b-wave and photopic negative response (PhNR) amplitudes. OCT and histological analyses revealed subtle photoreceptor layer damage: while the inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness remained relatively unchanged, the outer nuclear layer (ONL) thinned significantly, and the nerve fiber layer-ganglion cell layer complex thickness (NFL-GCL) complex initially thickened before later thinning. Immunofluorescence further demonstrated marked neuroimmune activation, with astrocytes transitioning from having large cell bodies with small, elongated, sparse processes to a phenotype characterized by compact, enlarged nuclei and aggregated processes, alongside notable RGC loss.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results from the simulated microgravity rat model, microgravity-induced changes in dual-chamber pressure, and neuroimmune responses in the retina may play a key role in visual dysfunction. Specifically, the activation of retinal neuroimmune cells (astrocytes and microglial cells) induced by mechanical stress appears to be central to retinal and optic nerve damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1409-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying latanoprost-induced conjunctival hyperemia by anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography.","authors":"Zakieh Vahedian, Ali Azimi, Seyed Mehdi Tabatabaei, Ghasem Fakhraie","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.06","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the mid-term effects of topical latanoprost 0.005% on vessel density (VD) of the bulbar conjunctiva using anterior segment optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four eyes of 21 patients and 18 eyes of 9 healthy subjects were recruited as the treatment and control groups, respectively. The treatment group was instructed to apply generic latanoprost 0.005% once daily at night, while the control group received no medication. Anterior segment OCTA was performed on all eyes at baseline, 3wk, and 12wk after initiation of latanoprost. The superficial bulbar conjunctival VD was measured in the superior, inferior, temporal, and nasal quadrants. A linear mixed model was used to compare the change in the VD between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The change in the VD was not different between groups in temporal, and nasal quadrants at 3-week and 12-week time points. The VD in the superior bulbar conjunctiva was significantly increased after 12wk (<i>P</i>=0.029) while the change from baseline after 3wk was not different between groups (<i>P</i>=0.218). After adjustment for age and gender superior hemi (<i>P</i>=0.006) and center (<i>P</i>=0.016) of the inferior quadrant of bulbar conjunctiva showed increased VD after 12wk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The trend of changes in the superior and inferior conjunctival VD is increased following topical latanoprost administration and these changes can be quantified using anterior segment OCTA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1464-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of novel drug targets for primary open angle glaucoma and its potential side-effects by human plasma proteome.","authors":"Da-Dong Jia, Qing-Ao Xiao, Shi-Yi Song, Meng Pan, Hao Hu, Kai-Li Wu, Jia-Bing Ran, Liang Liang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.07","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore whether plasma proteins serve as potential therapeutic targets for primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) based on a Mendelian randomization (MR) study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Large-scale protein quantitative trait loci (pQTLs) data from the Icelandic deCODE database and two large POAG Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) summary datasets were used in this study. Causal associations between plasma proteins and POAG were identified using summary-data-based MR (SMR) analysis and the heterogeneity in dependent instruments (HEIDI) test. Colocalization analysis was then conducted to assess the genetic associations between these two factors. Phenotype-wide MR analysis was performed to validate protein targets as potential drug targets and to evaluate potential side effects. Finally, protein-protein interactions (PPI) were studied, and the Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIDb) was used to identify associations between drugs and the identified proteins.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four proteins (SVEP1, TMEM190, ROBO1, and ENPP5) were identified as potential drug targets in this study. Phenome-wide MR analysis showed that SVEP1, ROBO1, and ENPP5 were not associated with adverse effects, while TMEM190 was linked to nerve root and plexus disorders, as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ticagrelor was suggested as a potential new drug for the treatment of glaucoma by regulating SVEP1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Four plasma proteins-SVEP1, TMEM190, ROBO1, and ENPP5-are identified as potential therapeutic targets for POAG through an MR approach. Phenome-wide MR analysis reveals that SVEP1, ROBO1, and ENPP5 are not associated with adverse effects, while TMEM190 is linked to nerve root and plexus disorders, as well as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Ticagrelor is proposed as a potential therapeutic drug for glaucoma by regulating SVEP1. These findings highlight the potential of plasma proteins as drug targets for POAG and provide valuable insights for further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1470-1477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Damaging effect of ischemia on the development of retinal organoids derived from human embryonic stem cells.","authors":"Yu-Han Yan, Hong-Yu Li, Li-Xiong Gao, Wen Li, Ling-Ping Zhao, Quan Zeng, Yu Luo, Tian-Tian Cui, Ru-Ge Zang, Zi Ye, Jia-Fei Xi, Wen Yue, Zhao-Hui Li","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.03","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the changes in early retinal development after the occurrence of ischemia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human retinal organoids (hROs) of day 18 or day 30 were treated with oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) to simulate the retinal ischemia. All hROs were maintained normally until day 60 to evaluate changes in ischemic injuries during retinal development. Paraffin section staining was used for detecting changes in organoid structure and cell number. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot (WB) analyses were used to observe the change in the expression of retinal cell markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In hROs, OGD/R induced the decrease of proliferating cells, inhibited the expression of proliferated marker Ki67 and promoted early apoptosis of retinal cells (<i>P</i><0.05). Under OGD/R condition, the progenitor cell layer and ganglion cell layer of hROs lost normal structure, and the number of neural stem cells (SOX2⁺), retinal progenitor cells (CHX10⁺) and retinal ganglion cells (TUJ1⁺/BRN3⁺/ATOH7⁺) decreased (<i>P</i><0.05). The expression of corresponding retinal cell markers also decreased (<i>P</i><0.05). Organoids treated with OGD/R on day 30 had similar injuries in retinal structure and retinal cell markers to those on day 18. Long-term observations revealed that day 18-treated organoids remained disorganized progenitor and ganglion cell layers by day 60, with no recovery in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression. RT-qPCR showed persistently low Ki67 transcription levels (<i>P</i><0.001), while other retinal cell markers recovered or exceeded normal levels, indicating a limited self-repair happened in the development of hROs. In contrast, day 30-treated organoids exhibited normal structure and marker expression by day 60, with transcription levels of retinal cell markers returning to normal (<i>P</i>>0.05), demonstrating complete recovery from OGD/R damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Retinal ischemia damage the retinal development in the short-term. After the restoration of retinal blood supply, the retinal ischemic damage can be recovered during subsequent development. However, retinal ischemic injuries at different developmental stages exhibit varying degrees of reversibility. The earlier ischemic injury occurs, the more difficult it is to repair retinal cell and structure damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1433-1449"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choroidal response to optical defocus as a potential surrogate marker for myopia control effect.","authors":"Muteb K Alanazi, Mohammed Alshehri, Mohammed Althomali, Mohammed Alhazmi, Mansour Alghamdi, Nawaf M Almutairi, Basal Altoaimi, Ahmed Alharbi, Ali Almustanyir, Maria Liu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.15","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate short-term changes in choroidal thickness in response to peripheral myopic defocus induced by two designs of multifocal corneal gas permeable contact lenses (MFGPCL) in young adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seventeen participants, with a mean age of 24.5±4y, underwent choroidal thickness and vascularity index measurements using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI OCT) at baseline, one day, and one week following MFGPCL wear. Two center-distance MFGPCL designs with similar center zone diameters of 3.0 mm but different peripheral add powers (low add: +1.5 D and high add: +3.0 D) were tested. Each participant was randomly assigned to wear one of the two MFGPCL designs. Measurements of total, luminal, and stromal choroid thickness were obtained in five eccentric regions (6 mm towards the periphery) in all quadrants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant thickening in total choroidal thickness were observed after one week of wearing both high add (+10±6 µm) and low add (+7±5 µm) MFGPCLs, with no statistically significant difference between the two groups (<i>P</i>=0.42). Choroidal thickening was consistent across eccentric regions and quadrants, with no significant differences based on eccentricity or quadrant (all <i>P</i>>0.05). Both lens designs induced choroidal thickening, with no significant difference between them in total choroidal thickness (<i>P</i>=0.18 for quadrants, <i>P</i>=0.51 for eccentric regions).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Peripheral myopic defocus induced by MFGPCLs lead to significant choroidal thickening, including total, luminal, and stromal components. This study highlights the need for future research to explore the dose-response relationship between peripheral myopic defocus and choroidal thickening, utilizing choroidal response as a potential biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1529-1536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.","authors":"Jin-Bei Li, Jian-Min Ma","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.20","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland (LGACC) is the most common type of malignant epithelial tumor of the lacrimal gland, which is characterized by a high recurrence rate, perineural invasion, and a propensity to metastasize to distant sites. Due to its unclear pathogenesis, LGACC has a poor prognosis and a high mortality rate. In recent years, a range of radiotherapy and chemotherapy have been clinically applied, leading to a shift in the treatment approach for LGACC. This article discussed the advances being made in the treatment of LGACC and provides readers with an overview of the impact of LGACC treatment modalities on patient survival and prognostic levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1570-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of red blood cell distribution width and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio for predicting severity of diabetic retinopathy.","authors":"Zhi-Mei Wei, Yu Zhao, Ran-Ran Ding, Yu-Song Zeng, Zheng Zeng, Zi-Tong He, Jing Hao, Jing-Jing Hu, Jin-Guo Yu, Cai-Yun You","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.12","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess and compare the utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation index (SII), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as potential biomarkers to predict the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in the United States population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The observational study enlisted patients diagnosed with DR from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database, spanning the period from 2005 to 2008. The severity of DR was defined according to Early Treatment for Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRs). The effect of NLR, PLR, SII, and RDW on proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) were explored using multivariable logistic regression analysis model. Subgroup analysis and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were conducted to assess the robustness of the correlations across subgroups and to explore nonlinear relationships between four indices and PDR. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was employed for the purpose of assessing and evaluating the predictive efficacy of NLR, PLR, SII, and RDW in determining the severity of DR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After adjusting for other confounders (age, gender, race, body mass index, diabetes duration, and HbA1c) in multivariable analysis, a unit increase of PLR×0.1, SII×0.01, and RDW would raise the risk for PDR by 15.6%, 22.2%, and 33%, respectively. Particularly, there was a 2.208-fold greater risk of PDR in individuals with an elevated NLR (OR=2.208, 95%CI, 1.348-3.617, <i>P</i><0.001). RCS analyses showed positive relationships of four indices and PDR after segmented regression based on their own turning points. The results of ROC analysis revealed that PLR+RDW [area under the curve (AUC)=0.772, 95%CI: 0.669-0.874] had the best predictive value for PDR, compared with NLR+PLR+SII (AUC=0.697, 95%CI: 0.570-0.825) or RDW alone (AUC=0.736, 95%CI: 0.646-0.826).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of RDW and NLR demonstrates a promising ability to predict the severity of DR across the United States population, and it could be promisingly used in clinics for monitoring the progress of DR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1506-1514"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary assessment of the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation.","authors":"Si-Yi Wang, Mi-Mi Liu, Xi-Le Li, Chao-Xiang Ge, Wei Chen, Zhen-Quan Zhao","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.08","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.08.08","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To preliminary explore the safety and effectiveness of artificial iris implantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fourteen patients with iris defects who underwent artificial iris implantation at Hainan Boao Super Hospital from June 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and effectiveness of the surgery by comparing the preoperative and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), ocular axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), patient satisfaction of photophobia and appearance improvement, and postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age was 37.21±14.85 (7-60)y, including 13 males and 1 female. The mean follow-up period was 4.64±2.32 (1-10)mo. The mean AL was 24.00±1.06 (21.68-25.58) mm. The postoperative mean anterior chamber depth measured was 4.07±0.75 (2.61-5.07) mm. The mean BCVA was 0.69±0.65 logMAR preoperatively and 0.46±0.60 logMAR at the last follow-up time (<i>P</i>=0.36). There was no significant differences in the IOP preoperative and postoperative (14.14±3.10 and 13.65±3.08 mm Hg, respectively, <i>P</i>=0.69). The preoperative ECD was 1674.09±566.11 per 1 mm², and the postoperative ECD was 1439.45±425.15 per 1 mm² (<i>P</i>=0.21). No obvious corneal opacity or corneal decompensation was observed in all patients. The preoperative and postoperative photophobia scores were 8.50±1.55 and 4.50±1.94, respectively (<i>P</i><0.05), and the preoperative and postoperative appearance defect scores were 6.58±2.98 and 2.75±1.69, respectively (<i>P</i><0.05). Among the 14 patients, one had artificial iris displacement, two had a transient IOP rise after treatment of antiglaucomatous eyedrops. No complications were observed during surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The novel artificial iris material is safe, which can significantly improve the appearance defects and photophobia, improve the postoperative visual acuity to a certain extent. This surgery had a high patient satisfaction rate with few and controllable postoperative complications. At the same time, the artificial iris, with its diverse configurations, variable colors, arbitrary cutting, and various surgical procedures, fully realizes personalized treatment, which solves the clinical problem of iris defect.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 8","pages":"1478-1483"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12311453/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of postoperative vault after implantable collamer lens implantation with deep learning.","authors":"Dong-Qing Yuan, Fu-Nan Tang, Ying Wang, Hui Zhang, Wei-Wei Zhang, Liu-Wei Gu, Qing-Huai Liu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.02","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.02","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To predict the post-operative vault and the suitable size of the implantable collamer lens (ICL) by comparing the performance of multiple artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 83 patients with 132 eyes was conducted from 2020 to 2023. All patients underwent implantation of EVO-V4C ICLs. ICLs were selected based on STAAR's recommended formula. Postoperative vault values were measured using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT). First, feature selection was performed on patients' preoperative examination parameters to identify those most closely related to postoperative vault and incorporate them into the machine learning model. Subsequently, four regression models, namely MLP, XGBoost, RFR, and KNN, were employed to predict the vault, and their predictive performances were compared. The ICL size was set as the prediction target, with the vault and other input features serving as new inputs for predicting the ICL size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all preoperative parameters, 16 parameters were most closely related to postoperative vault and were included in the prediction model. In vault prediction, XGBoost performed the best in the regression model (<i>R</i>²=0.9999), followed by MLP (<i>R</i>²=0.9987) and RFR (<i>R</i>²=0.8982), while the KNN model had the lowest predictive performance (<i>R</i>²=0.3852). XGBoost achieved a prediction accuracy of 99.8%, MLP had a prediction accuracy of 98.9%, while RFR and KNN had accuracies of 87.1% and 57.4%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI effectively predicts postoperative vault and determines ICL size. XGBoost outperforms other machine-learning algorithms tested. Its accurate predictions help ophthalmologists choose the right ICL size, ensuring proper vaulting.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1197-1204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207310/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of Mendelian randomization analysis for glaucoma etiology.","authors":"Jiao-Man Wang, Yin-Wei Song, Jing-Jing Su, Li-Cheng Fu, Di Gong, Ping Guo, Wei-Hua Yang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.23","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, Mendelian randomization (MR) has been increasingly utilized, leveraging genetic variants as instrumental variables. This approach significantly mitigates confounder effects and reverse causation, precisely clarifying the causal links between exposures and outcomes. MR's unique advantages have made it instrumental in medicine, especially in elucidating glaucoma's etiology. It facilitates the identification of potential risk factors, laying the groundwork for developing preventative and therapeutic strategies against glaucoma. Recent MR research has delved into diverse potential glaucoma risk factors, including behavioral habits, metabolic profiles, and their causative linkage to the disease. This review encapsulates MR's analysis in glaucoma etiology, heralding new avenues for understanding underlying mechanisms and establishing causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1383-1397"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207291/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}