International journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of ocular surface parameters in patients with moderate-to-high myopia.","authors":"Bing-Qing Sun, Xiao-Jun Hu, Bing Qin, Xing-Tao Zhou, Mei-Yan Li","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.16","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the ocular surface parameters in patients with moderate to high myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted in May 2023, enrolling patients with moderate to high myopia (spherical equivalent refraction ≤-3.0 D). After completing the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, refractive parameters and non-invasive tear film parameters were measured, followed by the Schirmer I test and fluorescein sodium staining. The diagnosis of dry eye disease was based on OSDI score, non-invasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), Schirmer I test, and fluorescein sodium staining results, according to the 2020 Chinese Expert Consensus on Dry Eye. The Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test was used to compare ocular surface parameters between moderate and high myopia, as well as between patients with and without dry eye. Pearson correlation analysis was employed to assess the relationship between the lipid/muco-aqueous layers and tear film parameters. A general linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to analyze the impact of refractive parameters on ocular surface parameters after adjusting for age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 35 eyes with moderate to high myopia (12 males; mean age, 30.30±5.45y) were included in the study. Among them, 26 eyes were classified as normal and 9 as dry eye. Of the 9 dry eye cases, 7 were observed in the high myopia group (<i>n</i>=18) and 2 in the moderate myopia group (<i>n</i>=17). Among the enrolled patients, those with high myopia demonstrated significantly higher OSDI scores than those with moderate myopia (<i>P</i>=0.0417). Patients with dry eye exhibited significantly shorter interblink intervals (<i>P</i>=0.0081) and higher OSDI scores (<i>P</i>=0.0001) than those without dry eye. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between lipid layer thickness (LLT) and tear meniscus height (<i>r</i>=0.395, <i>P</i>=0.023), and a significant negative correlation between the muco-aqueous layer thickness change rate (MALTR) and OSDI score (<i>r</i>=-0.466, <i>P</i>=0.016). After adjusting for age and sex using the GLMM, spherical refraction (SPH, <i>β</i>=-1.802, <i>P</i>=0.048) and axial length (AL, <i>β</i>=2.784, <i>P</i>=0.048) significantly impacted OSDI score. Corneal front astigmatism significantly influenced Schirmer I test results (<i>β</i>=8.377, <i>P</i>=0.024). The difference between central corneal thickness and the thinnest corneal thickness significantly affected LLT (<i>β</i>=-2.294, <i>P</i>=0.026). White-to-white diameter significantly impacted MALTR (<i>β</i>=-81.758, <i>P</i>=0.037).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In moderate to high myopia, higher SPH and AL correlate with increased dry eye symptoms, which are associated with muco-aqueous and lipid layer alterations. Corneal regularity and diameter also affect tear film dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1929-1935"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary hypertension causing uveal effusion syndrome: a case report.","authors":"Qian Ma, Hong-Lei Liu, Wei-Wei Wang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.26","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"2007-2010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12453998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of toric implantable collamer lens alignment accuracy: VERION image-guided system versus manual marking.","authors":"Xiao-Ying He, Jun Wang, Min-Jie Yuan, Zi-Xuan Yang, Wei Han","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.07","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.07","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the accuracy of manual marking versus an image-guided system for toric implantable collamer lens (TICL) implantation and evaluate the short-term postoperative rotational stability of TICL and corneal surgically induced astigmatism vector (SIA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective analysis was conducted on eyes with TICL alignment achieved through manual marking (<i>n</i>=75) or VERION image-guided system-assisted marking (<i>n</i>=83). Each group was further classified into horizontal and vertical subgroups based on implant orientation. Additionally, patients were categorized into superior and temporal incision subgroups according to the position of main corneal incision. The misalignment and rotational stability of TICL were analyzed using slit-lamp anterior segment photography. Surgical predictability, efficacy, safety, and corneal SIA were also evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In general, the TICL implantation with manual and digital image-guided systems all achieved robust predictability, efficacy, and safety. The misalignment of TICL was comparable between the manual and VERION groups (0.16°±3.97° <i>vs</i> 0.52°±5.59°, <i>P</i>=0.633), while a significant difference was observed in the absolute misalignment of TICL between the two groups (3.02°±2.55° <i>vs</i> 4.28°±3.61°, <i>P</i>=0.043). There were no significant differences in the distribution of TICL misalignment between the manual and VERION groups or between horizontal and vertical implant orientation groups (<i>P</i>>0.05). Furthermore, different orientations of TICL placement did not show statistically significant differences in rotational stability (<i>P</i>=0.46). Statistically significant differences were found in anterior corneal SIA between the manual and VERION groups (0.46±0.27 <i>vs</i> 0.33±0.21 D, <i>P</i>=0.001), especially for superior incision position (0.60±0.27 <i>vs</i> 0.35±0.23 D, <i>P</i><0.0001). The anterior SIA exhibited a significant difference between superior and temporal incisions in the manual group (0.60±0.27 <i>vs</i> 0.35±0.20 D, <i>P</i><0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with the conventional manual marking method, this study indicates that the digital image-guided system with VERION is safe and effective in TICL implantation. The digital system offers the advantage of minimizing corneal SIA compared to the manual method.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1864-1874"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical manifestation and multimodal images of Chinese acute zonal occult outer retinopathy patients.","authors":"Shu-Lin Liu, Xin-Yu Zhao, Jing-Yuan Yang, You-Xin Chen","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.14","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To comprehensively examine the clinical presentations, multimodal images, and long-term follow-up of Chinese patients with acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR), a rare inflammatory disorder.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study. A total of 20 patients (32 eyes) were included. The medical records and multimodal imaging, including wide-field fundus photography, wide-field fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 20 patients with a mean age of 38.2±10.9y, and females accounted for 60%. Lesions could involve peripapillary areas, macular region, and peripheral retina. The mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation was 0.38±0.60 logMAR, with no significant difference in visual acuity between acute cases (within 6mo of onset) and chronic cases (beyond 6mo of onset; <i>P</i>=0.390). There was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity between eyes of acute case (within 6mo of onset) and the chronic case (beyond 6mo of onset). In some chronic case, FAF examination revealed the presence of a hyperautofluorescent (hyperAF) ring around the macular area (6/18), a phenomenon not observed in the acute case (<i>P</i>=0.024). A higher proportion of chronic cases showed predominantly hypoautofluorescent (hypoAF) lesions compared to the acute case (13/18 <i>vs</i> 2/14, <i>P</i>=0.0016). SS-OCT examination showed that both acute and chronic cases exhibited hyperreflective dots above the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and ellipsoid zone (EZ) and RPE damage. In the chronic case, eyes with hyperreflective dots above the RPE were more likely to exhibit EZ and RPE damage in the macular region compared to those without these dots.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in the follow-up of patients with AZOOR. In chronic cases of AZOOR, the presence of hyperreflective dots above the RPE indicates a higher likelihood of outer retinal involvement in the macular region. This study provides critical insights into the complex presentation and progression of AZOOR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1914-1921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual function in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis.","authors":"Bardia Behnia, Ameer Mohammed Hadi Layedh, Hassan Hashemi, Alireza Jamali, Abbasali Yekta, Navidreza Zamani, Raheleh Moravej, Mehdi Khabazkhoob","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.15","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the diagnostic ability of various visual functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) with and without optic neuritis (ON).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, we assessed and compared refractive error, visual acuity (VA), and contrast sensitivity (CS) between patients with MS and a matched control group of healthy individuals. The MS patients were further categorized into those with ON and those without.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 133 eyes from 133 participants were assessed, including 66 individuals diagnosed with MS. The mean ages for the MS group and the healthy control group were 37.5±4.27y and 38.45±4.60y, respectively (<i>P</i>=0.346). Among the 66 patients with MS, 18 had ON. The presence of MS was associated with a decrease in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spherical component of refractive error (<i>P</i><0.05), whereas ON did not lead to any further decline in these parameters (<i>P</i>>0.05). MS was linked to decreased CS at spatial frequencies of 6 and 18 cycles per degree (CPD; <i>P</i><0.05), while ON in MS patients resulted in an additional decrease in CS at 3 CPD (<i>P</i>=0.03). The most significant sensitivity for distinguishing MS patients from healthy individuals as well as MS patients with ON from those without ON was found with cylindrical component [associated criterion (AC) >-0.75 D; 71.21%] and CS at spatial frequency of 6 CPD (AC ≤1.56; 72.22%), respectively. Conversely, the highest specificity for these diagnostic measures was associated with BCVA (AC >0 logMAR; 97.01%) and CS at a spatial frequency of 12 CPD (AC ≤0.60; 93.75%), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MS significantly affects refractive error and CS, with ON further reducing CS. Assessing these visual parameters can improve MS monitoring and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1922-1928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454017/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular manifestations in autism spectrum disorder.","authors":"Ning-Yu Wang, Zi-Yu Zhu, Zi-Yun Jiao, Nai-Rong Pan, Mirza Mohammed Ismail Baig, Ao-Wang Qiu, Wei-Wei Zhang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.25","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a neurodevelopmental disorder that has been the focus of numerous studies on the central nervous system (CNS). The embryological origin of the brain and retina is shared, with the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) developing into the optic nerves that enter the brain through the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus, LGN, and other visual cortices. Given the evidence that individuals with ASD exhibit impairments in the visual mechanisms, including deficits in emotional face recognition, and difficulty in maintaining gaze control as well as eye contact, some studies have documented retinal alterations in individuals with ASD. These have been identified through ophthalmic assessments, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), and electroretinography (ERG). With the improvements in ASD animal models, it is possible to obtain a better understanding of vision dysfunction in ASD by analyzing the molecular mechanisms of retinal function and structure abnormalities. This review aims to provide a summary of the recent research on ocular alterations in ASD patients and animal models, intending to contribute to further investigation of the eye-brain connection and communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"2000-2006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454011/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual and health-related quality of life in cataract patients versus healthy controls.","authors":"Aryan Miraftab, Leila Ghiasian, Masood Naseripour","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.09","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare health-related quality of life and vision-related quality of life between patients with cataracts and healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research was carried out as a cross-sectional study. Participants were selected from Rasoul Akram Hospital in Tehran, Iran, comprised of two groups: healthy individuals and those diagnosed with cataracts, using a simple random sampling technique. Following the interviews, participants completed the SF-36 health-related quality of life questionnaire and the VFQ-25 vision-related quality of life questionnaire. Comprehensive optometric and ophthalmic assessments, were conducted for all participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This research involved a selection of 130 healthy individuals and 154 cataract patients who were candidates for cataract surgery. The average ages of the healthy individuals and cataract patients were 69.7±3.5 and 69.5±6.5y, respectively (<i>P</i>=0.837), with 42.3% of the healthy individuals and 44.8% of the cataract male patients (<i>P</i>=0.672). According to the SF-36 questionnaire, the quality of life regarding physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, social functioning, pain, and general health were significantly worse among cataract patients. The composite physical index for cataract patients and healthy individuals was 70.7±9.08 and 78.53±8.17, respectively (<i>P</i><0.001; effect size=0.90, 95%CI: 0.66-1.15), while the mental index showed no significant difference between the two groups (<i>P</i>=0.112; effect size=0.19, 95%CI: -0.04-0.42). All aspects of the VFQ-25 questionnaire were notably lower in cataract patients, with the mean final VFQ-25 scores being 56.49±14.81 for cataract patients and 92.9±4.64 for healthy individuals (<i>P</i><0.001; effect size=3.21, 95%CI: 2.85-3.56). The VFQ-25 questionnaire indicated that the most significant effect size was associated with role difficulties and distance activities. More components from both questionnaires exhibited a substantial correlation with best-corrected visual acuity in cataract patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients suffering from cataracts exhibit a significantly reduced health-related quality of life, especially concerning physical health and vision-related quality of life, compared to those without cataracts. Timely surgical treatment for these individuals can improve their overall quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1880-1887"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical outcomes and safety profile of glaucoma drainage device Ahmed ClearPath® 250 mm²: a tertiary center experience.","authors":"Afonso Murta, Edgar Lopes, Patrícia Silva, Catarina Barão, Maria Elisa Luís, Joana Cardigos, Teresa Gomes","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.12","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To present the clinical outcomes in efficacy and safety of the Ahmed ClearPath® (ACP) 250 mm² model as well as our surgical technique.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Single-center prospective interventional study of uncontrolled glaucoma eyes undergoing ACP implantation, as a standalone procedure or in combination with cataract phacoemulsification. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was evaluated prior to surgery and 1wk, 1, 3, 6mo and 1y postoperatively. In addition, the number of antiglaucoma drugs and intra and postoperative complications were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 30 eyes of 28 patients were included in the study. The patients were on average 72.8 (13.4) years old and 53.6% were male. Totally 40% of the eyes had primary open angle glaucoma, 16.7% had neovascular glaucoma, 16.7% had pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, 10% had glaucoma secondary to pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade, 6.7% had aphakic glaucoma, 6.7% had primary congenital glaucoma and 3.3% had pigmentary glaucoma. Before surgery mean IOP was 26.1 (10.8) mm Hg and mean glaucoma medication use was 3.7 (0.5). At 1, 3, 6 and 12mo mean IOP was 16.1, 11.7, 11.8 and 11.5 mm Hg, respectively. Mean glaucoma medication use was 1.9, 1.5, 1.2 and 1.2, respectively. At 1y, complete surgical success was found in 46.7% patients (<i>n</i>=14) and qualified success in 53.3% (<i>n</i>=16). There were no intraoperative complications. Postoperative complications include choroidal effusion (<i>n</i>=5), transient hyphema (<i>n</i>=2), early hypotony with shallow anterior chamber (<i>n</i>=2) and late hemorrhagic choroidal detachment (<i>n</i>=1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ACP appears to be an efficient surgical option for treating refractory glaucoma, achieving good IOP control and decreasing medication burden. The results obtained at 6mo are an important prognostic factor for long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1901-1907"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454008/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retinal vessel density alteration after FS-LASIK for myopia with different axial lengths.","authors":"Cai-Yun Fu, Yan Zheng, Chang-Bin Zhai, Hou-Bin Huang, Xi Chen, Yi-Ran Dong, Ya-Bin Hu, Wen Xu, Jing Liu, Yan Huang, Ning Sun, Xue-Yin Chen","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.17","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.17","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the effects of different types of negative pressure suction on the macular and optic disc retinal vessel density (VD) in myopic patients with different axial lengths (ALs) undergoing femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser <i>in situ</i> keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study. Participants underwent FS-LASIK surgery were divided into the short AL group (SAL, 22≤AL<26 mm) and the long AL group (LAL, 26≤AL<28 mm) according to the different ALs. Further, the two groups were divided into subgroups according to the corneal flap using VisuMax or WaveLight FS200 femtosecond laser (FS) platform. All patients underwent OCTA before the surgery and 1-day/1-week/1-month after the surgery. ANOVA statistically analyzed data with two-factor repeated measurement in SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally 108 participants (108 eyes, 18-35y) were divided into SAL group [22 patients (4 males and 18 females) were treated with VisuMax, and 24 (3 males and 21 females) were treated with WaveLight FS200] and LAL group [34 patients (4 males and 30 females) were treated with VisuMax, and 28 patients (6 males and 22 females) were treated with WaveLight FS200]. In the LAL group, there was no significant difference in macular superficial capillary plexuses vessel density (SCP-VD) in the fovea and perifovea region, but compared with the VisuMax subgroup, SCP-VD in the parafoveal region (<i>t</i>=2.647, <i>P</i>=0.010) and the whole area (<i>t</i>=2.030, <i>P</i>=0.047) in WaveLight FS200 subgroup decreased at one day after the operation and increased to a preoperative level at 1-week and 1-month after operation. There was no significant difference between SCP-VD in the two SAL subgroups, neither of deep capillary plexuses vessel density (DCP-VD) and optic nerve head vessel density (ONH-VD) in the SAL and LAL groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>With the increase of AL and suction intensity, a transient decrease of SCP-VD in the macular region is observed at 1d postoperatively during FS-LASIK, and it increases to preoperative level at 1-week and 1-month postoperatively. However, the AL and suction intensity do not affect the macular DCP-VD and ONH-VD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1936-1943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454016/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145137412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and risk factors of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xi'an, China.","authors":"Yi-Ming Guo, Guan-Chen Liu, Jun-Han Wei, Jia-Qi Wang, Jie-Jing Bi, Juan Huang, Dang-Xia Zhou, Lu Ye","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.21","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.10.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of myopia and identify its associated risk factors among children and adolescents in Xi'an, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a school-based cross-sectional design, students ranging from kindergarten to high school across Xi'an were enrolled. Ophthalmic examinations were performed to assess refractive status <i>via</i> non-cycloplegic refraction. Myopia was defined as SE≤-0.5 D, with stratification into mild (SE: ≤-0.5 to >-3.0 D), moderate (SE: ≤-3.0 to >-6.0 D), and high myopia (SE≤-6.0 D). Data on potential risk factors such as age, gender, and educational level were obtained through structured questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 156 416 participants, with 81 389 boys (52.0%) and 75 027 girls (48.0%). The prevalence rates of myopia were 65.67% for boys and 68.83% for girls. Data collection occurred over two consecutive years, 2021 and 2022, with 78 849 and 77 567 participants, respectively. The prevalence of myopia was 67.65% in 2021 and decreased slightly to 66.71% in 2022. The high myopia rates were 3.85% and 3.43% for these years, respectively. Analysis revealed significant risk factors including gender, age, and educational level, with a distinct positive correlation between increased educational level and higher myopia prevalence. Notably, both genders exhibited a significant decrease in moderate myopia over the study period, with reductions of 1.7% and 1.2%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This comprehensive study underscores the substantial prevalence of myopia among school-aged children and adolescents in Xi'an, marking it as a significant public health concern. The correlation with higher educational levels suggests the need for targeted interventions aimed at myopia prevention and management. These findings contribute critically to the body of knowledge necessary for formulating effective public health strategies in Xi'an and potentially other similar regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 10","pages":"1964-1970"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12454018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}