International journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Development and validation of a logistic regression model for predicting visual impairment in middle-aged and older adults with diabetes: results from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.","authors":"Ri-Yan Zhang, Yu-Hao Liu, Duo-Duo Xie, Wei-Liang Fan, Zeng-Lin Bi, Qian Yao, Guan-Shun Yu, Zhong Lin, Jia Qu, Rong-Han Wu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.19","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To develop and validate a clinician-friendly logistic regression prediction model for self-reported visual impairment (VI) in middle-aged and older adults (≥45y) with diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Leveraging data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a model for VI among adults aged ≥45y with diabetes were developed. Feature selection involved LASSO regression and subsequent multivariable logistic regression. Eight machine learning algorithms were explored and compared for predictive performance. Logistic regression for its consistent performance, interpretability, and clinical usability was finally selected. A nomogram and interactive web-based tool were constructed to facilitate application.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Totally 1918 participants (45.83% males) in CHARLS 2011 with aged ≥45y were analyzed in the training cohort and 1553 in CHARLS 2015 were in validation cohort. Among all participants in the training cohort, 39.6% reported VI. Seven variables were found to be independently associated with VI. The optimal model, logistic regression model, achieved area under the curve (AUC) of 0.702 and 0.706 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively. The model's potential for clinical application was supported by calibration and decision-curve analyses; the resulting nomogram and web calculator provided individualized risk prediction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We developed a clinically interpretable logistic regression model to predict the risk of VI in adults aged ≥45y with diabetes. The accompanying nomogram and web tool may assist with early identification and targeted vision care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"974-986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103100/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of novel mutations in the <i>GRK1</i> gene in an Algerian family with Oguchi disease.","authors":"Julio Cesar Molina Martín, Gerardo P García García, Ezequiel Campos Mollo, María Magdalena García Navarro, Luis Alberto Molina Martín, Carmen Desco Esteban, David P Piñero","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To describe novel variants in the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 (<i>GRK1</i>) gene associated with Oguchi disease and to analyze the different multimodal imaging results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five members of a single family were enrolled, including two confirmed cases of Oguchi disease and three carriers with novel variants in the <i>GRK1</i> gene. All subjects underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, including color vision testing, visual field testing, wide-field retinography, fundus autofluorescence, macular optical coherence tomography (OCT), and full-field electroretinography (ERG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that both cases of Oguchi disease showed positive Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon, moderate retinal thickening and packing of the three outermost hyper-reflective bands in the parafoveal region. After establishing a clinical diagnosis of Oguchi disease in patients IV-II and IV-III, molecular analysis revealed a similar genotype in the patients, both carrying two heterozygous variants in the <i>GRK1</i> gene, the variants c.1055_1056delAC, p.(Tyr352CysfsTer32) and c.699+2T>C. Genetic testing also revealed that individual III-I was a heterozygous carrier of the novel variant c.1055_1056delAC in the <i>GRK1</i> gene. In addition, the novel intronic variant c.699+2T>C was detected in the same gene in the heterozygous state in individuals III-II and IV-I. Family segregation showed that Oguchi disease was transmitted in an autosomal recessive pattern in this family.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Two novel variants in the <i>GRK1</i> gene are reported that are linked to Oguchi disease in a naïve Algerian family. The common findings observed on the OCT scans of our affected patients include packing of the three outer hyper-reflective bands, and thickening of the retina in the parafoveal region. These features are present not only in the affected patients but also in the carriers of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"927-932"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inflammatory potential and glaucoma susceptibility: a nationally representative study from NHANES.","authors":"Hui-Min Shan, Yong Tao","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the association between pro-inflammatory dietary patterns, as quantified by the dietary inflammatory index (DII), and the prevalence of glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This population-based study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008). DII scores were calculated based on nutrient data derived from dietary questionnaires. The association between DII scores and glaucoma risk was assessed using sample-weighted, covariate-adjusted multivariable logistic regression models, with further stratified analyses performed across subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5659 eligible participants aged 40-85y were included, of whom 383 (6.7%) had glaucoma and 5276 (93.3%) did not. After adjustment for covariates, participants in the highest DII tertile had a 1.35-fold increased risk of glaucoma [odds ratio (OR)=1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.79], with a significant linear trend (<i>P</i> for trend=0.034). Restricted cubic spline analysis further verified the association between DII scores and glaucoma risk (<i>P</i>=0.043). In subgroup analyses, a significant positive association between higher DII scores and elevated glaucoma risk was observed in males (OR for tertile 3 <i>vs</i> 1=1.48, 95%CI: 1.02-2.15; <i>P</i> for trend =0.049), participants with diabetes (OR=1.56, 95%CI: 1.04-2.34; <i>P</i> for trend =0.028), and participants with obesity (OR=1.66, 95%CI: 1.07-2.58; <i>P</i> for trend =0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A pro-inflammatory diet, reflected by higher DII scores, is positively associated with an increased risk of glaucoma among U.S. adults. These findings suggest that anti-inflammatory dietary interventions may serve as a potential preventive strategy against glaucoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"966-973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term observation of the endothelium morphology and corneal thickness in myopic adolescents treated with orthokeratology: a 10-year retrospective study.","authors":"Li-Qiong Zhao, Zi-Xun Wang, Ying Li, Bi-Ying Wang, Bei Du, Jane Beeman, Rui-Hua Wei, Lin Liu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the long-term safety of orthokeratology (ortho-k) in myopic children by evaluating changes in corneal endothelial morphology and central corneal thickness (CCT) after prolonged ortho-k lens wear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 65 myopic children (130 eyes). The ortho-k group comprised 39 children who had worn ortho-k lenses for more than 10y. The control group included 26 children who wore single-vision spectacles for myopia correction. Clinical data and adverse events were documented throughout the follow-up period. Endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV) of cell area, percentage of hexagonal cells (%SIX), and CCT were measured at baseline and at the final follow-up visit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 39 participants (18 males, 21 females) enrolled in the ortho-k group completed the 10-year follow-up examinations successfully. The ages ranged from 7 to 12 (9.24±1.26)y. In the control group, 26 participants (13 males, 13 females) were successfully recalled and completed their 10^th year examinations. The ages ranged from 7 to 12 (9.62±1.68)y. In the ortho-k group, ECD was 3119.86±202.07 cells/mm² at baseline and 3057.42±264.52 cells/mm² at the 10-year follow-up (<i>P</i>=0.058). CV was 30.78%±6.70% and 32.45%±7.87% (<i>P</i>=0.053). %SIX was 62.23%±13.07% and 60.31%±11.59% (<i>P</i>=0.234). CCT decreased by 8±4 µm at the 6-month visit and remained stable thereafter (538.85±43.61 µm at 6mo <i>vs</i> 540.78±41.44 µm at 10y, <i>P</i>=0.528). At the 10-year follow-up, no significant between-group differences were observed in ECD, CV, %SIX, or CCT (all <i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This 10-year retrospective study demonstrates that long-term ortho-k lens wear has no significant adverse effects on corneal endothelial morphology or CCT compared with spectacle wear. Ortho-k shows excellent long-term safety with regard to corneal endothelial parameters and CCT, comparable to that of conventional spectacle correction in myopic children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"939-944"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear translocation of pyruvate kinase M2 drives high glucose-induced angiogenesis in retinal endothelial cells <i>via</i> the HIF-1α axis.","authors":"Tian-Yi Liu, Ya-Jing Tian, Peng-Zhou Kuai, Yi-Sheng Luo, Cheng-Wei Duan, Tian-Peng Chen, Xiao-Le Wang, Dong-Mei Zhang, Xin Cao","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in high glucose (HG)-stimulated retinal endothelial cells and its underlying molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways in retinal angiogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) were cultured and divided into the following groups: normal glucose (NG, 5.5 mmol/L), HG (30 mmol/L), HG with PKM2 knockdown (HG+shPKM2), and HG treated with the pharmacological activator TEPP-46 (HG+TEPP-46). Cellular viability, proliferation, migration, and tube-forming ability were assessed using CCK-8, EdU, wound healing/Transwell, and Matrigel assays, respectively. The expression levels of PKM2, phosphorylated PKM2 (p-PKM2, Y105), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) were detected by Western blotting. The oligomerization status of PKM2 was analyzed <i>via</i> native gel electrophoresis. The subcellular localization of PKM2 was examined by immunofluorescence and nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under HG stimulation, the expression level of PKM2 was significantly increased (<i>P</i><0.05). Knockdown of PKM2 was found to markedly suppress cell viability, proliferation, migration, and tube formation in HRMECs (<i>P</i><0.05). Mechanistic studies revealed that phosphorylation of PKM2 at the Y105 site was promoted by HG treatment, which induced its dissociation from a tetramer to a dimer, thereby driving its nuclear translocation. Upon entering the nucleus, PKM2 was shown to exert critical non-metabolic functions; it was physically bound to HIF-1α and acted as its co-activator, leading to significant upregulation of VEGFA expression (<i>P</i><0.05). In contrast, the PKM2 activator TEPP-46 effectively prevented dimerization and nuclear translocation of PKM2 by promoting its tetramerization. Consequently, the PKM2/HIF-1α axis-mediated upregulation of VEGFA was blocked, ultimately resulting in the reversal of HG-induced angiogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HG influences retinal endothelial cell function by inducing PKM2 phosphorylation, dimerization, and nuclear translocation. The shift in PKM2 phosphorylation and oligomerization status represents a key mechanism through which TEPP-46 reverses HG-induced angiogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"858-868"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow granular corneal dystrophy type 2 exacerbation after SMILE: a bilateral asymmetric case resembling a unique previous unilateral case.","authors":"Sook Hyun Yoon, So Jin Kim, Ji Sang Min, Tae-Im Kim, R Doyle Stulting, Ikhyun Jun, Eung Kweon Kim","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"1003-1007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for differentially expressed genes in retinoblastoma gene chips through the GEO database and validation in clinical settings.","authors":"Chun-Yi Liu, Rui Luo, Han Liu, Ruo-Yi Xie, Yong Chai, Yu Xu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To screen for differentially expressed genes in retinoblastoma (RB) gene chips using GEO2R and validate them clinically.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression profile chip data (GSE110811) was downloaded from the public gene chip database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The GEO2R chip analysis platform was used to identify differentially expressed genes between RB and adjacent normal tissues. According to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification (IIRC) system, 35 children diagnosed with RB from our hospital and other hospitals were enrolled as the RB group, and 35 healthy children who underwent physical examinations in our hospital were enrolled as the control group. The relative expression levels of Sprouty RTK signaling antagonist 2 (SPRY2) and estrogen-related receptor beta (ESRRB) in the serum of patients were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The diagnostic value of SPRY2 and ESRRB in RB was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Analysis of the relationship between SPRY2/ESRRB expression and clinicopathological features, as well as its correlation with the tumor marker CA199.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the GSE110811 chip, the expression levels of two genes, 16780069 (SPRY2) and 16786783 (ESRRB), showed the most significant differences between RB and normal tissues. The relative expression levels of SPRY2 and ESRRB in the serum of children in RB group (22 males, age 1.64±1.08y) were significantly lower (<i>P</i><0.05) than those in control group (25 males, age 1.54±0.95y). The area under the ROC curve for SPRY2 was 0.735 (95%CI: 0.616-0.854), while that for ESRRB was 0.880 (95%CI: 0.800-0.960). There were statistically significant differences in the expression of SPRY2 and ESRRB with respect to choroidal invasion, optic nerve invasion, differentiation degree, and clinical staging (<i>P</i><0.05). In RB group, the expression levels of SPRY2 and ESRRB decreased gradually with increasing CA199 levels, showing a negative correlation (<i>r</i> _SPRY2=-0.593, <i>r</i> _ESRRB=-0.423; both <i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression of SPRY2 and ESRRB is closely related to the occurrence and development of RB and negatively correlated with the tumor marker CA199. They have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for RB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"869-877"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103172/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and mechanism of flavonoids in improving dry eye disease: a systematic review of animal studies.","authors":"Jie Lyu, Shi-Yu Jiao, Wen-Jing Li, Shuo Ding, Qian Zhang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To systematically summarize the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in the treatment of dry eye disease (DED), and review their mechanisms of action, and provide a scientific foundation for clinical translation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To retrieve papers published from the establishment of the database through May 12, 2025, eight databases were searched: the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), the Wanfang Database, the China Science, Technology Journal Database, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and the Web of Science. Two independent researchers conducted the literature selection and information extraction processes, utilizing the SYRCLE tool to assess the risk of bias. The results of eligible studies were subjected to narrative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11 animal studies were included in this review, encompassing research conducted in China, the United States, Republic of Korea, and Japan. These studies involved six flavonoid-rich substances, such as <i>Buddleja officinalis</i> and purple corn extract (PCE), as well as four individual flavonoids including quercetin and daidzin, <i>etc</i>. The findings indicated that flavonoids have the potential to enhance tear secretion. Following interventions with quercetin eye drops and PCE administered at varying doses and time intervals, a significant increase in tear secretion was observed, which approached normal levels. Additionally, these interventions demonstrated a capacity to mitigate damage to the corneal epithelium. For instance, maqui berry extract (MBE) were found to improve corneal fluorescein staining scores while reducing damage to the corneal surface. Flavonoids significantly alleviate dry eye symptoms in animal models by enhancing tear secretion and mitigating corneal epithelial damage. The observed efficacy is attributed to a range of mechanisms, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hormonal regulation, and anti-apoptotic effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The consistent therapeutic outcomes noted in both mouse and rat models further underscore the translational potential of these compounds. Consequently, flavonoids are regarded as highly promising natural agents for ocular health. However, additional pharmacokinetic studies and clinical trials are necessary to confirm their efficacy and safety in human subjects with dry eye syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"987-994"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scleral imbrication combined with subretinal injection for the treatment of tractional maculopathy in pathological myopia: a case series.","authors":"Li-Yu Ren, Ying Wang, Quan-Hong Han","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.25","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"1015-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103233/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual motor integration, visual perception and motor coordination in children with horizontal strabismus.","authors":"Edwin Pheng, Norhidayah Ahmad Zaidon, Evelyn Li Min Tai, Ismail Shatriah, Muhammad Hafiz Hanafi, Hasnetty Zuria Mohamed Hatta","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2026.05.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2026.05.16","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare visual motor integration (VMI) in non-amblyopic children with and without horizontal strabismus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>VMI, visual perception, and motor coordination were evaluated in non-amblyopic children aged 6 to 17 years old using the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration (Beery-VMI), together with its supplementary Developmental Tests of Visual Perception and Motor Coordination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five non-amblyopic children with horizontal strabismus (23 males, 22 females; mean age: 126.0±33mo) and 45 children without strabismus (22 males, 23 females; mean age: 126.2±34mo) were enrolled. Children with horizontal strabismus exhibited significantly lower mean Beery-VMI scores (<i>P</i><0.001), visual perception scores (<i>P</i><0.001), and motor coordination scores (<i>P</i><0.001) compared with controls, even after adjustment for confounding variables including sex, age, regular sports participation, number of siblings, and stereopsis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Non-amblyopic children with horizontal strabismus demonstrate significantly poorer performance in Beery-VMI, visual perception, and motor coordination compared with children without strabismus.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"19 5","pages":"952-958"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13103135/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}