International journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Investigation of the infection route of HIV-associated cytomegalovirus retinitis.","authors":"Jie Cai, Zi-Kang Xie, Dong-Yong Tang, Hui-Yi Zuo, Hao Liang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.15","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.15","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the etiology of ocular pathogens and to establish the various pathogens present in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis (CMVR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 17 HIV-infected patients with concomitant eye disorders were enrolled. Patients were divided into CMVR group (10 patients, 18 eyes) and non-CMVR group (7 patients, 9 eyes) based on clinical manifestations and the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV)-DNA in ocular specimens. The viral load of CMV was assessed using polymerase chain reaction in aqueous humor, vitreous fluid, and peripheral blood samples of patients in the CMVR group. Additionally, peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cell counts were measured in both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the CMVR group, the CMV-DNA load in the vitreous and aqueous humor samples was substantially higher than in the peripheral blood samples (<i>P</i><0.01). CMV-DNA load in the aqueous humor and vitreous samples of the two eyes in the CMVR group was determined to be statistically significant (10 patients, 16 eyes, <i>P</i>=0.018, 0.012). Peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cell counts in the CMVR group were adversely linked with the CMV-DNA load in both the aqueous humor and peripheral blood (<i>P</i>=0.005, 0.048). Compared with the non-CMVR group, the peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cell count in the CMVR group decreased significantly (<i>P</i>=0.014). The peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cell count exceeded 300 cells/µL in 85.71% of non-CMVR patients, whereas it was below 100 cells/µL in 90.00% of the CMVR group. The intraocular specimens of the patients who underwent CMVR testing did not include any additional infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In HIV-associated CMVR patients, there may exist alternative, yet unidentified, infection pathways for intraocular CMV in addition to the conventional route. The substantial difference in CMV-DNA load between the eyes of most CMVR patients suggests that CMV may originate from different sources in each eye. The proportion of peripheral blood CD4⁺ T cells in HIV patients is negatively correlated with the quantity of CMV viruses in their eyes. The peripheral blood count of <100 cells/µL indicates a considerable increase in the risk of concurrent CMVR. Multi-ocular pathogen presentations are uncommon in HIV individuals with CMVR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"478-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive status and histological changes after posterior scleral reinforcement in guinea pig.","authors":"Yu-Yan Huang, Li-Yang Zhou, Guo-Fu Chen, Duo Peng, Miao-Zhen Pan, Ji-Bo Zhou, Jia Qu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.01","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the refractive and the histological changes in guinea pig eyes after posterior scleral reinforcement with scleral allografts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four-week-old guinea pigs were implanted with scleral allografts, and the changes of refraction, corneal curvature and axis length were monitored for 51d. The effects of methylprednisolone (MPS) on refraction parameters were also evaluated. And the microstructure and ultra-microstructure of eyes were observed on the 9d and 51d after operation. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and one-way analysis of variance were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The refraction outcome of the implanted eye decreased after operation, and the refraction change of the 3 mm scleral allografts group was significantly different with control group (<i>P</i>=0.005) and the sham surgical group (<i>P</i>=0.004). After the application of MPS solution, the reduction of refraction outcome was statistically suppressed (<i>P</i>=0.008). The inflammatory encapsulation appeared 9d after surgery. On 51d after operation, the loose implanted materials were absorbed, while the adherent implanted materials with MPS group were still tightly attached to the recipient's eyeball.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After implantation of scleral allografts, the refraction of guinea pig eyes fluctuated from a decrease to an increase. The outcome of the scleral allografts is affected by implantation methods and the inflammatory response. Stability of the material can be improved by MPS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central alterations of brain networks in patients with optic neuritis: a resting state fMRI study.","authors":"Liang Huang, Dan Song, Lei Zhong, Xuan Liao, Xian-Mei Zhou, Qian-Min Ge, Qian Ling, Yan-Mei Zeng, Xiao-Yu Wang, Jin-Yu Hu, Cheng Chen, Liang-Qi He, Qiong Zhou, Yi Shao","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.14","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.14","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the alterations in the resting-state function connections between the two cerebral hemispheres in patients with optic neuritis (ON) and healthy controls (HCs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 12 ON patients (six males and six females) and 12 HCs (six males and six females) who were highly matched for sex, age, and educational level were recruited. They underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), testing and brain activities were assessed using the degree centrality (DC) method. Correlation analysis between the mean DC values in specific brain areas and behavior performances was analyzed as well. Linear correlations between A anxiety scale (AS) and depression scale (DS) values and DC values in brain regions of patients with ON were also analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The areas that showed a higher DC value in ON patients were the right angular gyrus and bilateral precuneus, while the left insula and left superior temporal gyrus (LSTG) were regions that presented a lower DC value in ON patients. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis confirmed the accuracy of the area under the curve (AUC) assessment. Linear analysis showed anxiety scale (AS) and depression scale (DS) values in the left insula were both negatively correlated with DC values, while best corrected visual acuity logMAR-R (BCVA logMAR-R) showed a negative correlation with DC in the LSTG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study explores altered brain activities of specific regions in patients with ON. The results provide clues for revealing the underlying mechanism of ON development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"469-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Red tinted contact lenses on Ishihara test error scores in color deficient subjects: a pilot study.","authors":"Haliza Abdul Mutalib, Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur, Ong Yi Lin, Bashirah Ishak, Mohd Norhafizun Bin Mohd Saman, Mohd Izzuddin Hairol","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.13","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the Ishihara test errors scores of colour vision deficiency (CVD) subjects when wearing four different types of red-tinted contact lenses (RCL) that differ in their transmittance as determined using a spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six congenital CVD subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Ishihara plates were used to determine the colour vision errors made, whereas Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test was conducted to determine the total error scores (TES) and type of CVD. Four types of RCL (Types A, B, C and D) were inserted in the non-dominant eye and tested in a randomised manner by a masked operator. Errors scores in Ishihara test were determined at baseline without any contact lens and after wearing the four different RCL. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the mean TES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections showed that there was a highly significant effect of RCL type on Ishihara error score [<i>F</i>(2.056, 10.282)=30.214, <i>P</i><0.001]. Error scores with RCL Type B were significantly lower than errors made when no lens was worn, and with RCL Type C and Type D (all <i>P</i><0.001). Error scores with RCL Type B were also lower than those made with RCL Type A, however, they were not significantly different. For subjects with TES values less than 180, RCL type B showed the largest improvement in Ishihara error score (50%) compared to the other three RCLs. RCL type A showed the best performance in TES value of more than 180, with an improvement of 80% in Ishihara score. RCL Type A has the lowest transmittance at the confusion wavelength (450-568 nm), followed by RCL Types B, D and C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that RCL can improve Ishihara error scores. RCL with lower transmission at 450-568 nm and 90% transmittance beyond 637 nm are the most effective. Lenses which could block more light between 550-580 nm are more effective for colour defectives with more severe colour defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"462-468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between objective and subjective refraction measurements in patients with mild keratoconus.","authors":"Masoud Khorrami-Nejad, Ahmed Kamil Dakhil, Hesam Hashemian, Masoud Sadeghi, Reza Yousefi, Foroozan Narooie-Noori","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.04","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare objective dry retinoscopy and subjective refraction measurements in patients with mild keratoconus (KCN) and quantify any differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was done on 68 eyes of 68 patients diagnosed with mild KCN. Objective dry retinoscopy using autorefractometer and subjective refraction measurements were performed. Sphere, cylinder, J0, J45, and spherical equivalent values were compared between the two techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of 68 patients with mild KCN was 21.32±5.03y (12-35y). There were 37 (54.4%) males. Objective refraction yielded significantly more myopic sphere (-1.44 D <i>vs</i> -0.57 D), higher cylinder magnitude (-2.24 D <i>vs</i> -1.48 D), and more myopic spherical equivalent (-2.56 D <i>vs</i> -1.31 D) compared to subjective refraction (all <i>P</i><0.05). The mean differences were -0.87 D for sphere, -0.76 D for cylinder, and -1.25 D for spherical equivalent. No significant differences were found for J0 and J45 values, indicating agreement in astigmatism axis (<i>P</i>>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with mild KCN, objective dry retinoscopy overestimates the degree of myopia and astigmatism compared to subjective refraction. The irregular cornea in KCN likely impacts objective measurements. Subjective refraction allows compensation for irregularity, providing a more accurate correction. When determining refractive targets, the tendency of objective methods to overcorrect should be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"398-403"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865651/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autorefraction versus subjective refraction in high astigmatism.","authors":"Haleh Kangari, Hassan Hashemi, Saeed Rahmani, Elnaz Ahmadian, Abbasali Yekta, Mehdi Khabazkhoob","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.18","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.18","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the subjective refraction data with auto-refraction findings in high astigmatisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a cross-sectional study, sampling was done from in different geographic regions in Iran using a multistage random cluster sampling method. All study participants underwent cycloplegic auto-refraction and subjective refraction using the red-green test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, 277 eyes of 158 students aged 8 to 15y were analyzed. According to the results, the mean difference between subjective refraction and autorefraction in measuring sphere, cylinder, spherical equivalent, J0, and J45 was -0.18±0.76, -0.36±0.40, -0.36±0.79, 0.15±0.20, and 0.05±0.21 respectively. The correlation of these two refraction methods in measuring the aforementioned indices was 0.963, 0.898, 0.960, 0.931, and 0.948 respectively. The 95% limits of agreement of the two methods in measuring the above indices were -1.66 to 1.31, -1.14 to 0.42, -1.91 to 1.19, -0.24 to 0.54, and -0.36 to 0.47 respectively. The agreement between the two methods decreased with increasing cylinder power, and the best agreement was found in myopic individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The measurements obtained by autorefractometer have a significantly higher cylinder average compared to subjective refraction. However, in the cylinder range of 4-5 diopters, the values of J0 and J45 do not have a high correlation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"504-509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of epiretinal membrane formation following treatment of diabetic retinopathy with panretinal photocoagulation therapy.","authors":"Patrick Le, Michelle Nguyen, Karen Lee, Thoai Vu, Roshan George, Maurice B Landers, Alice Yang Zhang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.11","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To report the incidence of epiretinal membrane (ERM) formation following panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) as the treatment for diabetic retinopathy (DR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional study of patient charts between January 1^st, 2010 to January 1^st, 2017 with at least 1y follow-up data. All 809 patients treated with PRP for DR were evaluated for exclusion criteria and 73 eyes remained after exclusion for confounding variables related to ERM formation such as other procedures or diseases. Outcomes were determined through medical record review and masked review of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. Cohen's kappa was completed to determine if there was an agreement between masked retinal specialists on OCT evaluations. Univariate logistic regression was used to determine the unadjusted odds ratio for patient and procedural characteristics on the formation of ERMs. Multiple logistic regression was then completed on select variables that met the cutoff of 0.25 for a statistically significant contribution by the Wald test with the sequential addition of clinical variables that contributed positively to the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 73 eyes studied, 9.6% formed an ERM with an average time to formation of 1.4y. The minimum power uses during PRP was found to be statistically significant between non-ERM formers and ERM formers (<i>P</i>=0.044). When adjusting for all selected variables aside from minimum power used, multiple logistic regression determined that for every 10 mW increase in minimum power used during PRP, there is an increase in log odds of 1.009 (SE: 0.003, <i>P</i>=0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of ERM formation in 2y following treatment of DR with PRP is roughly 1 in every 10 eyes treated.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"449-453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric and visualized analysis of research hotpots and future prospects in lacrimal duct obstruction disease (1900 to 2024).","authors":"Ming-Hai Chen, Fang Bai, Hai Tao","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.21","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To reveal the research hotspots, trends, and future prospects of lacrimal duct obstruction disease (LDOD) from 1900 to 2024 through the bibliometric and visualized analysis, providing a directional guidance for research in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Web of Science Core Collection database was used to retrieve relevant literature. Data analysis and visualization were conducted using VOSviewer 1.6.20 and CiteSpace 6.3.1, including annual publication volume, trends, research areas, country/region and institution distribution, journal and co-cited journal analysis, author and co-cited author analysis, keyword and burst keyword analysis, <i>etc</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included a total of 1481 articles, revealing an overall upward trend in research on LDOD, with ophthalmology being the predominant field. While the United States previously led research efforts, India and China have emerged as key contributors since 2015. Mohammad Javed Ali stands out as the most influential author in this research area. <i>Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery</i> has published the highest number of related articles, whereas <i>Ophthalmology</i> has the highest co-citation. The current focal points of research include minimally invasive and precise modifications to dacryocystorhinostomy, along with intubation, new materials for stents, and disease pathogenesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LDOD research has garnered widely attention and exhibits a steady upward trend. Since 1900, the United States, China, and India have been the leading contributors to this field. Ophthalmologists continue to be the primary driving force behind LDOD research. The findings of this study suggest that at the forefront of LDOD research, our focus has long been on refining and innovating surgical treatment. The minimally invasive and precise modification of lacrimal surgery, represented by dacryocystorhinostomy, is the ongoing developmental direction of this field. Rapid interdisciplinary integration and in-depth exploration of pathogenesis and allergic inflammation will lead to the emergence of new materials, innovative technologies, and safer clinical treatment protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"526-540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865641/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optic disc changes in patients less than 3 years of age with congenital cataract.","authors":"Ji-Meng Lao, Chu-Lan Li, Yi-Jing Chen, Jian-Bo Mao, Li-Jun Shen","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.05","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.05","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and optic disc morphology between eyes with congenital cataract and eyes without cataract in children under 3 years old.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 63 patients with bilateral congenital cataract (mean age of 55.72±46.50wk, 44 were male), 33 patients with unilateral cataract (mean age of 56.63±33.23wk, 16 were male), and 31 age-matched healthy children (mean age of 55.80±29.29wk, 17 were male). Fundus photographs were taken with the RetCam 3 system. The horizontal-to-vertical disc diameter ratio (HVDR) was used as an index to describe the oval form of the optic disc.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The horizontal cup-to-disc ratio (HCDR), vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) and HVDR of cataract eyes in unilateral groups were significantly smaller than those of the normal eyes (<i>P</i><0.05). In the unilateral group, the HCDR, VCDR and HVDR of cataract eyes were significantly smaller than those in fellow eyes (<i>P</i><0.05). The HVDR of eyes in the bilateral group was significantly smaller than those in the age-matched normal eyes (<i>P</i><0.001). The form of optic disc of the cataract eyes in both the bilateral and unilateral groups was more vertical-oral than the normal eyes in the unilateral and the age-matched groups (<i>P</i><0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results show that eyes with congenital cataract has a smaller HVDR and the form of the optic disc tended to be vertical-oval in young children.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"404-408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143656635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in retinal capillary density in female with type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes-an analysis based on OCTA technology.","authors":"Jing Zhang, Yao Yu, Xian-Mei Zhou, Xuan Liao, Jin-Yu Hu, Qian Ling, Jie Zou, Cheng Chen, Liang-Qi He, Hong Wei, Xu Chen, Yi-Xin Wang, Yi Shao, Rui-Man Li","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.10","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate alterations in conjunctival vascular density (CVD) and macular capillary density (MCD) in female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 60 female participants were recruited, comprising 20 patients with T2DM, 20 patients with GDM, and 20 healthy age-matched controls (HCs). OCTA was used to assess superficial and deep retinal and conjunctival capillary plexuses. Subsequently, changes in MCD were analyzed using a circular segmentation method (C1-C6), a hemispheric quadrant segmentation method [superior right (SR), superior left (SL), inferior left (IL), and inferior right (IR)], and the early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) segmentation method (S, I, R, L).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>OCTA unequivocally demonstrated that the variations in CVD among HCs, T2DM, and GDM groups were statistically significant (<i>P</i><0.001). In the superficial retinal capillary plexus (sRCP), significant differences were observed in the densities of total microvascular (TMI), microvasculature (MIR), and macrovascular (MAR) between patients with T2DM and HCs (<i>P</i><0.05). Furthermore, the GDM group exhibited a more substantial reduction in MIR density compared to the T2DM group (<i>P</i><0.01). In the deep retinal capillary plexus (dRCP), significant differences in the densities of TMI and MIR were identified between the T2DM group and HCs (<i>P</i><0.05), with a notable difference in TMI density also observed between the GDM and T2DM groups (<i>P</i><0.01). In the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) for TMI in sRCP between the T2DM group and HCs was 0.975, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.941-1. The AUC for MIR was highest in dRCP, with an AUC value of 0.914 and a 95%CI ranging from 0.847 to 0.981. In comparing the GDM and T2DM groups, the AUC for I region was maximized in sRCP, achieving a value of 0.978 with a 95%CI of 0.953-1. Additionally, the AUC for R region was maximized in dRCP, reaching a value of 0.99 with a 95%CI of 0.975 to 1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The sRCP and dRCP densities show higher diagnostic sensitivity for T2DM and GDM. OCTA holds potential as a significant instrument for the early diagnosis and differentiation of T2DM and GDM.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"435-448"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}