International journal of ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Clinicopathological features of cranial-nasal-orbital communicating lesions and diagnostic indicators for differentiating benign and malignant neoplasms.","authors":"Meng Xie, Jin Chen, Ya-Yan You, Zi-Xuan Su, Xi-Yin Zhu, Xing-Hua Wang, Peng-Cheng Li, Fa-Gang Jiang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.20","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the clinicopathological features of cranial-nasal-orbital communicating lesions and identify key diagnostic indicators for differentiating benign and malignant neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The retrospective cohort study analyzed 74 histologically confirmed cases stratified by anatomical involvement at the Wuhan Union Hospital between January 2010 and December 2020: Group A (orbital-nasal group, <i>n</i>=29), Group B (orbital-cranial group, <i>n</i>=27), and Group C (cranial-nasal-orbital group, <i>n</i>=18). Clinicopathological profiles including symptom presentation, histopathology, and invasion patterns were systematically evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort comprised 49 (66.2%) benign and 25 (33.8%) malignant lesions. Compared with benign lesions, malignant lesions had a shorter onset time (12mo <i>vs</i> 2.5mo, <i>P</i>=0.004) and resulted in poorer vision (0.6 <i>vs</i> 1.53, <i>P</i>=0.025). Headache was reported in 28.6% of patients with benign lesions, but none in those with malignant lesions (<i>P</i>=0.002). Conjunctival congestion and edema were observed in 32.7% of patients with benign lesions and 60% of patients with malignant lesions (<i>P</i>=0.028). The ethmoid sinus was the most frequently invaded site (35 cases). Malignant lesions showed greater invasion in the nasal cavity (28.0% <i>vs</i> 0, <i>P</i>=0.000) and anterior cranial fossa (40.0% <i>vs</i> 8.2%, <i>P</i>=0.003) than benign lesions. The orbital-cranial group was more likely to invade through osseous foramina compared with the orbital-nasal group (<i>P</i>=0.002). Neurogenic tumors predominated benign cases (34.7%), whereas blood derived (28%) and glandular tumors (28%) were most prevalent in malignant subgroups. The proportion of malignant tumors in multi-disciplinary combined surgery was higher than that of benign lesions (61.5% <i>vs</i> 38.5%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malignant cranial-nasal-orbital communicating lesions exhibit distinct clinicopathological signatures characterized by rapid progression, aggressive anterior fossa and nasal region, and severe visual morbidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1357-1368"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207302/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between corneal biomechanical and tomographic parameters in cataract patients.","authors":"Jia-Xi Li, Yi-He Liu, Yu-Shi Liu, Zi-Yuan Liu, Xue-Min Li","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.11","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.11","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the relationship between preoperative corneal biomechanical properties and corneal tomographic properties in cataract patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study consisted of 59 eyes of 30 participants who were diagnosed as cataract in Peking University Third Hospital between September 2019 and November 2019. Stepwise multivariable linear regression analysis was calculated to determine the relationship between corneal biomechanical parameters and tomographic parameters. The patients were classified into three groups of with the rule (WTR) astigmatism, against the rule astigmatism and oblique astigmatism. And the differences in corneal parameters among different groups were compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in the first applanation time (A1T), the first applanation length (A1L), corneal velocity during the first applanation (Vin), the second applanation time (A2T), highest concavity (HC) radius, displacement amount (DA), DA ratio, stiffness parameter A1 (SPA1) and integrated radius (IR) between oblique astigmatism patients and the other two groups. Total corneal steep meridian (K2) was negatively associated with A1L, A1T and corneal velocity during the second applanation (Vout). Patients with higher anterior corneal curvature had lower HC radius and central corneal thickness (CCT; <i>P</i>=0.001 and 0.006, respectively), while the Ambrosio relational thickness to the horizontal profile (ARTh) was higher than those with lower anterior corneal curvature (<i>P</i>=0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals that the elasticity of corneal collagen fibers is greater, but the viscoelasticity of cornea is smaller in patients with oblique astigmatism. There is no significant difference in ARTh between patients with different types of astigmatism, that is, the corneal biomechanical specificity of oblique astigmatism group is probably not caused by corneal thickness. Moreover, we find patients with higher anterior corneal curvature has lower HC radius and CCT but higher ARTh than those with lower anterior corneal curvature.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1282-1293"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fibrin glue sealing for repeat Descemet's membrane detachment after deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty: case reports.","authors":"Xue-Qin Gong, Bi-Shan Tian, Jin-Yu Zhang, Chun-Xiao Wang, Shi-You Zhou","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.24","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1398-1400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abducens-nerve palsy with ipsilateral herpes zoster ophthalmicus and skin rash: a case report.","authors":"Jae Won Kim, Geun Woo Lee, Donghun Lee","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.26","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1405-1408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of IOL power calculation in pediatric aphakia secondary implantation.","authors":"Ying-Shi Zou, Jia-Xin Jin, Yun-Qian Li, Ling Jin, Jing-Min Xu, Wei-Ning Zhu, Hui Chen, Qiu-Xia Yin, Yi-Zhi Liu, Zhen-Zhen Liu","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.12","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas with/without preoperative aphakic anterior chamber depth (aph-ACD) in pediatric aphakia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 102 pediatric patients (150 eyes) undergoing secondary IOL implantation were divided into two groups (in-the-bag or ciliary sulcus). Prediction error was calculated for 9 IOL power calculation formulas, including: 1) not requiring ACD: Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK/T; 2) usable without or with entering ACD: Barrett Universal II (BUII), Emmetropia Verifying Optical (EVO) 2.0, and Ladas Artificial Intelligence Super (Ladas AI); 3) requiring ACD: Haigis, Kane, and Pearl-DGS. Mean prediction error (ME), mean absolute error (MAE), median absolute error (MedAE) and the percentage of eyes within ±0.25, ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 D were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For the BUII, EVO 2.0, and Ladas AI, with aph-ACD demonstrated a higher MedAE compared to without aph-ACD (BUII: 1.27 <i>vs</i> 1.13 D, EVO 2.0: 1.26 <i>vs</i> 1.06 D, Ladas AI: 1.30 <i>vs</i> 1.10 D; all <i>P</i><0.05). Formulas requiring ACD (Haigis, Kane, and Pearl-DGS) exhibited larger MedAE than those not requiring aph-ACD (Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T; <i>P</i><0.05). In the capsular group, the percentage of eyes within ±1.00 D ranged from 44.83% to 74.14%, and it was 19.57% to 32.61% in the sulcus group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The introduction of aph-ACD does not improve the accuracy of IOL calculation for pediatric aphakia, regardless of in-the-bag or sulcus IOL secondary implantation. The relationship between aph-ACD and effective lens position in pediatric aphakia warrants further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1294-1301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the proficiency of large language models on funduscopic disease knowledge.","authors":"Jun-Yi Wu, Yan-Mei Zeng, Xian-Zhe Qian, Qi Hong, Jin-Yu Hu, Hong Wei, Jie Zou, Cheng Chen, Xiao-Yu Wang, Xu Chen, Yi Shao","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.03","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.03","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To assess the performance of five distinct large language models (LLMs; ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4, PaLM2, Claude 2, and SenseNova) in comparison to two human cohorts (a group of funduscopic disease experts and a group of ophthalmologists) on the specialized subject of funduscopic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Five distinct LLMs and two distinct human groups independently completed a 100-item funduscopic disease test. The performance of these entities was assessed by comparing their average scores, response stability, and answer confidence, thereby establishing a basis for evaluation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all the LLMs, ChatGPT-4 and PaLM2 exhibited the most substantial average correlation. Additionally, ChatGPT-4 achieved the highest average score and demonstrated the utmost confidence during the exam. In comparison to human cohorts, ChatGPT-4 exhibited comparable performance to ophthalmologists, albeit falling short of the expertise demonstrated by funduscopic disease specialists.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides evidence of the exceptional performance of ChatGPT-4 in the domain of funduscopic disease. With continued enhancements, validated LLMs have the potential to yield unforeseen advantages in enhancing healthcare for both patients and physicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1205-1213"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Guidelines for glaucoma imaging classification, annotation, and quality control for artificial intelligence applications.","authors":"Wei-Hua Yang, Yan-Wu Xu, Xing-Huai Sun","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.01","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.01","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glaucoma is an eye disease characterized by pathologically elevated intraocular pressure, optic nerve atrophy, and visual field defects, which can lead to irreversible vision loss. In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has provided new approaches for the early diagnosis and management of glaucoma. By classifying and annotating glaucoma-related images, AI models can learn and recognize the specific pathological features of glaucoma, thereby achieving automated imaging analysis and classification. Research on glaucoma imaging classification and annotation mainly involves color fundus photography (CFP), optical coherence tomography (OCT), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT), and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) images. CFP is primarily used for the annotation of the optic cup and disc, while OCT is used for measuring and annotating the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, and AS-OCT and UBM focus on the annotation of the anterior chamber angle structure and the measurement of anterior segment structural parameters. To standardize the classification and annotation of glaucoma images, enhance the quality and consistency of annotated data, and promote the clinical application of intelligent ophthalmology, this guideline has been developed. This guideline systematically elaborates on the principles, methods, processes, and quality control requirements for the classification and annotation of glaucoma images, providing standardized guidance for the classification and annotation of glaucoma images.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1181-1196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207309/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility analysis of secretion from 308 cases of chronic dacryocystitis in north China.","authors":"Yue-Qing He, Xiao-Bo Tian, Yang Zhang, Hua Sun","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.09","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the microbiological agents and antibiotic susceptibility of chronic dacryocystitis in recent years to guide effective treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 308 adult patients with chronic dacryocystitis were enrolled from January 2020 to September 2022 in Beijing Tongren Hospital. The 229 pus specimens were taken from the conjunctival sac, while 79 specimens were taken from the opened lacrimal sac during transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery. All the samples were sent for microbiological smear and culture and drug susceptibility tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 202 specimens showed microbial growth, with a positive rate of 65.6%. The 313 strains of bacteria were isolated, including 272 aerobic or facultative anaerobes, accounting for 86.9%, and 41 anaerobic bacteria, accounting for 13.1%. The most common strains were <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>, <i>Corynebacterium macginleyi</i>, and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. Six strains of fungi were isolated. The 14 strains (18.9%) of <i>Staphylococcus</i> were found to be multidrug resistant. It showed a wide variety of gram-negative bacteria, up to 23 species. Specimens obtained during DCR surgery had a positive rate of 70.9%, which was higher than those obtained from the conjunctival sac (63.8%), with a statistically significant difference. More microbiological species were found in intraoperative specimens, and consisted largely of pathogenic bacteria or conditional pathogens. All the 6 strains of fungi were obtained from intraoperative specimens. All bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin, while a large number of bacteria were resistant to erythromycin. The commonly used ocular antibiotics levofloxacin, moxifloxacin and tobramycin were generally sensitive to most of the bacteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Gram-positive cocci, gram-positive bacilli, and gram-negative bacilli are the predominant pathogens for chronic dacryocystitis. Specimens taken during DCR surgery can obtain more accurate microbiological results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1270-1275"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207294/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key immune regulators in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury <i>via</i> RNA sequencing.","authors":"Shan He, Cui-Ying Liu, Chang-Hong Ren, Ting-Ting Meng, Heng Zhao, Xu-Xiang Zhang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.06","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.06","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To explore the immune cell infiltration and molecular mechanisms of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) to identify potential therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the bulk RNA-seq analysis, This study performed differential gene expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, and protein-protein interaction network analysis to identify hub genes. QuanTIseq was used to determine the composition of infiltrating immune cells. Following the identification of hub genes, single-cell RNA-seq analysis was employed to pinpoint the specific immune cell types expressing these hub genes. Cell-cell communication analysis to explore signaling pathways and interactions between immune cells was further performed. Finally, the expression of these key immune regulators <i>in vivo</i> using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was validated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bulk RNA-seq analysis identified <i>Stat2</i>, <i>Irf7</i>, <i>Irgm1</i>, <i>Igtp</i>, <i>Parp</i>9, <i>Irgm2</i>, <i>Nlrc5</i>, and <i>Tap1</i> as hub genes, with strong correlations to immune cell infiltration. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis further revealed six immune cell clusters, showing <i>Irf7</i> predominantly in microglia and <i>Tap1</i> in dendritic cells (DCs). And cell-cell communication analysis showed that microglia and DCs play central roles in coordinating immune activity. qRT-PCR validated the upregulation of these genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the acute phase of RIRI, <i>Irf7</i> and <i>Tap1</i> may be the potential therapeutic targets to reduce inflammation and promote neurological function recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1237-1251"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207303/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vasculature alteration of foveal zone in systemic lupus erythematosus: a Meta-analysis.","authors":"Xing-Yu He, Wei-Wei Chen, Qian Wang","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.22","DOIUrl":"10.18240/ijo.2025.07.22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To summarize and quantitatively evaluate vasculature alteration of foveal zone in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients by secondary literature analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI WanFang Data and VIP was conducted. Studies were about retinal vessel density in SLE patients from January 2000 to April 2023 and valid data were extracted. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used to evaluate the cross-sectional studies and prospective studies. The measurement data for combined effect size were weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The heterogeneity was evaluated by <i>I²</i> test. The fixed-effect model was adopted when <i>P</i>>0.1 or <i>I²</i> <50%, and random-effect model was adopted in the contrary. Subgroup and sensitivity analysis were utilized to analyze the sources of heterogeneity. The publication bias was evaluated by Egger tests and funnel plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 14 studies with 445 subjects and 441 healthy controls from 9 countries were enrolled and 11 studies were included in Meta-analysis. The JBI scores of studies were no less than 14 points. The Meta-analysis results indicated that mean parafoveal superficial vessel density (SVD; WMD=-1.22, 95%CI: -1.67, -0.76), mean perifoveal SVD (WMD=-1.42, 95%CI: -1.95, -0.89), mean whole SVD (WMD=-1.66, 95%CI: -2.53, -0.79), mean parafoveal deep vessel density (WMD=-1.67, 95%CI: -2.75, -0.59) and mean whole deep vessel density (WMD=-4.09, 95%CI: -7.67, -0.52) was significantly lower than the control, while mean foveal SVD (WMD=-1.71, 95%CI: -4.65, 1.24), mean foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area (WMD=0.04, 95%CI: -0.01, 0.09) and mean acircularity index (AI; WMD=0.00, 95%CI: -0.02, 0.02) were not different between SLE patients and controls. Subgroup analysis indicated that the heterogeneity in SVD was partially due to the scanning area. Ocellus or binoculus data contributed partially to the heterogeneity in parafoveal deep vessel density and FAZ area. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust after changing the analysis model except for foveal SVD and FAZ area. There was no bias in included studies except whole SVD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Parafoveal superficial and deep vessel density are significantly lower in SLE patients while FAZ area and AI are not different between SLE patients and the control.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 7","pages":"1375-1382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12207315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}