Haliza Abdul Mutalib, Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur, Ong Yi Lin, Bashirah Ishak, Mohd Norhafizun Bin Mohd Saman, Mohd Izzuddin Hairol
{"title":"红色隐形眼镜对色差受试者石原测试误差分数的影响：一项初步研究。","authors":"Haliza Abdul Mutalib, Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur, Ong Yi Lin, Bashirah Ishak, Mohd Norhafizun Bin Mohd Saman, Mohd Izzuddin Hairol","doi":"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.13","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the Ishihara test errors scores of colour vision deficiency (CVD) subjects when wearing four different types of red-tinted contact lenses (RCL) that differ in their transmittance as determined using a spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six congenital CVD subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Ishihara plates were used to determine the colour vision errors made, whereas Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test was conducted to determine the total error scores (TES) and type of CVD. Four types of RCL (Types A, B, C and D) were inserted in the non-dominant eye and tested in a randomised manner by a masked operator. Errors scores in Ishihara test were determined at baseline without any contact lens and after wearing the four different RCL. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the mean TES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections showed that there was a highly significant effect of RCL type on Ishihara error score [<i>F</i>(2.056, 10.282)=30.214, <i>P</i><0.001]. Error scores with RCL Type B were significantly lower than errors made when no lens was worn, and with RCL Type C and Type D (all <i>P</i><0.001). Error scores with RCL Type B were also lower than those made with RCL Type A, however, they were not significantly different. For subjects with TES values less than 180, RCL type B showed the largest improvement in Ishihara error score (50%) compared to the other three RCLs. RCL type A showed the best performance in TES value of more than 180, with an improvement of 80% in Ishihara score. RCL Type A has the lowest transmittance at the confusion wavelength (450-568 nm), followed by RCL Types B, D and C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that RCL can improve Ishihara error scores. RCL with lower transmission at 450-568 nm and 90% transmittance beyond 637 nm are the most effective. Lenses which could block more light between 550-580 nm are more effective for colour defectives with more severe colour defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14312,"journal":{"name":"International journal of ophthalmology","volume":"18 3","pages":"462-468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11865661/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Red tinted contact lenses on Ishihara test error scores in color deficient subjects: a pilot study.\",\"authors\":\"Haliza Abdul Mutalib, Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur, Ong Yi Lin, Bashirah Ishak, Mohd Norhafizun Bin Mohd Saman, Mohd Izzuddin Hairol\",\"doi\":\"10.18240/ijo.2025.03.13\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the Ishihara test errors scores of colour vision deficiency (CVD) subjects when wearing four different types of red-tinted contact lenses (RCL) that differ in their transmittance as determined using a spectrophotometer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six congenital CVD subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Ishihara plates were used to determine the colour vision errors made, whereas Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test was conducted to determine the total error scores (TES) and type of CVD. Four types of RCL (Types A, B, C and D) were inserted in the non-dominant eye and tested in a randomised manner by a masked operator. Errors scores in Ishihara test were determined at baseline without any contact lens and after wearing the four different RCL. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the mean TES.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections showed that there was a highly significant effect of RCL type on Ishihara error score [<i>F</i>(2.056, 10.282)=30.214, <i>P</i><0.001]. Error scores with RCL Type B were significantly lower than errors made when no lens was worn, and with RCL Type C and Type D (all <i>P</i><0.001). Error scores with RCL Type B were also lower than those made with RCL Type A, however, they were not significantly different. For subjects with TES values less than 180, RCL type B showed the largest improvement in Ishihara error score (50%) compared to the other three RCLs. RCL type A showed the best performance in TES value of more than 180, with an improvement of 80% in Ishihara score. RCL Type A has the lowest transmittance at the confusion wavelength (450-568 nm), followed by RCL Types B, D and C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that RCL can improve Ishihara error scores. RCL with lower transmission at 450-568 nm and 90% transmittance beyond 637 nm are the most effective. 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Red tinted contact lenses on Ishihara test error scores in color deficient subjects: a pilot study.
Aim: To compare the Ishihara test errors scores of colour vision deficiency (CVD) subjects when wearing four different types of red-tinted contact lenses (RCL) that differ in their transmittance as determined using a spectrophotometer.
Methods: Six congenital CVD subjects volunteered to participate in this study. Ishihara plates were used to determine the colour vision errors made, whereas Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test was conducted to determine the total error scores (TES) and type of CVD. Four types of RCL (Types A, B, C and D) were inserted in the non-dominant eye and tested in a randomised manner by a masked operator. Errors scores in Ishihara test were determined at baseline without any contact lens and after wearing the four different RCL. The subjects were then divided into two groups based on the mean TES.
Results: Repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser corrections showed that there was a highly significant effect of RCL type on Ishihara error score [F(2.056, 10.282)=30.214, P<0.001]. Error scores with RCL Type B were significantly lower than errors made when no lens was worn, and with RCL Type C and Type D (all P<0.001). Error scores with RCL Type B were also lower than those made with RCL Type A, however, they were not significantly different. For subjects with TES values less than 180, RCL type B showed the largest improvement in Ishihara error score (50%) compared to the other three RCLs. RCL type A showed the best performance in TES value of more than 180, with an improvement of 80% in Ishihara score. RCL Type A has the lowest transmittance at the confusion wavelength (450-568 nm), followed by RCL Types B, D and C.
Conclusion: This study shows that RCL can improve Ishihara error scores. RCL with lower transmission at 450-568 nm and 90% transmittance beyond 637 nm are the most effective. Lenses which could block more light between 550-580 nm are more effective for colour defectives with more severe colour defects.
期刊介绍：
· International Journal of Ophthalmology-IJO (English edition) is a global ophthalmological scientific publication
and a peer-reviewed open access periodical (ISSN 2222-3959 print, ISSN 2227-4898 online).
This journal is sponsored by Chinese Medical Association Xi’an Branch and obtains guidance and support from
WHO and ICO (International Council of Ophthalmology). It has been indexed in SCIE, PubMed,
PubMed-Central, Chemical Abstracts, Scopus, EMBASE , and DOAJ. IJO JCR IF in 2017 is 1.166.
IJO was established in 2008, with editorial office in Xi’an, China. It is a monthly publication. General Scientific
Advisors include Prof. Hugh Taylor (President of ICO); Prof.Bruce Spivey (Immediate Past President of ICO);
Prof.Mark Tso (Ex-Vice President of ICO) and Prof.Daiming Fan (Academician and Vice President,
Chinese Academy of Engineering.
International Scientific Advisors include Prof. Serge Resnikoff (WHO Senior Speciatist for Prevention of
blindness), Prof. Chi-Chao Chan (National Eye Institute, USA) and Prof. Richard L Abbott (Ex-President of
AAO/PAAO) et al.
Honorary Editors-in-Chief: Prof. Li-Xin Xie(Academician of Chinese Academy of
Engineering/Honorary President of Chinese Ophthalmological Society); Prof. Dennis Lam (President of APAO) and
Prof. Xiao-Xin Li (Ex-President of Chinese Ophthalmological Society).
Chief Editor: Prof. Xiu-Wen Hu (President of IJO Press).
Editors-in-Chief: Prof. Yan-Nian Hui (Ex-Director, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA) and
Prof. George Chiou (Founding chief editor of Journal of Ocular Pharmacology & Therapeutics).
Associate Editors-in-Chief include:
Prof. Ning-Li Wang (President Elect of APAO);
Prof. Ke Yao (President of Chinese Ophthalmological Society) ;
Prof.William Smiddy (Bascom Palmer Eye instituteUSA) ;
Prof.Joel Schuman (President of Association of University Professors of Ophthalmology,USA);
Prof.Yizhi Liu (Vice President of Chinese Ophtlalmology Society);
Prof.Yu-Sheng Wang (Director of Eye Institute of Chinese PLA);
Prof.Ling-Yun Cheng (Director of Ocular Pharmacology, Shiley Eye Center, USA).
IJO accepts contributions in English from all over the world. It includes mainly original articles and review articles,
both basic and clinical papers.
Instruction is Welcome Contribution is Welcome Citation is Welcome
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International Council of Ophthalmology(ICO), PubMed, PMC, American Academy of Ophthalmology, Asia-Pacific, Thomson Reuters, The Charlesworth Group, Crossref,Scopus,Publons, DOAJ etc.
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