ChemElectroChem最新文献_第3页

Ascorbic Acid Electrooxidation: See the Unseen With Real-Time Electrochemistry–Mass Spectrometry 抗坏血酸电氧化：看到看不见的实时电化学质谱

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70305

Seyedehelahe Bagherimetkazini, Frank-Michael Matysik

{"title":"Ascorbic Acid Electrooxidation: See the Unseen With Real-Time Electrochemistry–Mass Spectrometry","authors":"Seyedehelahe Bagherimetkazini, Frank-Michael Matysik","doi":"10.1002/celc.70305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70305","url":null,"abstract":"This work unveils a streamlined yet powerful hyphenated analytical strategy for real-time detection of electrogenerated oxidation products of one of the most-studied vitamins, ascorbic acid (AA), directly on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), offering unprecedented mechanistic insight into the AA redox pathway. Unexpectedly, this study revealed the detection of an oxidation product at applied potentials exceeding 1.4 V. To track, detect, and identify AA alongside its electrooxidation products, we deployed advanced online electrochemistry‍–mass spectrometry (EC–MS) as well as electrochemistry–capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (EC–CE–MS). While many mechanistic studies have long established dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA) as the primary product of AA electrooxidation, the present work uncovers an extended electrochemical pathway for rather high electrode potentials. Specifically, when the applied oxidation potential exceeds 1.4 V on the SPCE surface, a secondary, low-stability oxidation product, 2,3-oxalyl-L-threonolactone (OxTL), is detected. In this potential region, conventional voltammetric techniques are practically unable to detect electrogenerated species because the current response is already dominated by anodic water decomposition. In this report, we demonstrate that short-lived oxidation products of DHAA can be generated electrochemically and detected in situ by hyphenated EC–MS and EC–CE–MS techniques at relatively positive potentials.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Binders on the Performance of SnO2-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formic Acid 粘结剂对sno2基气体扩散电极电化学CO2还原制甲酸性能的影响

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70303

Andrea Loi, Marvin Oßkopp, Mulatu Kassie Birhanu, Maximilian Krappel, Florian Trummer, Thomas Sottmann, Philipp Spieth, Ryan Guterman, Vladimir Atanasov, Markus Antonietti, Elias Klemm

{"title":"Role of Binders on the Performance of SnO2-Based Gas Diffusion Electrodes for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to Formic Acid","authors":"Andrea Loi, Marvin Oßkopp, Mulatu Kassie Birhanu, Maximilian Krappel, Florian Trummer, Thomas Sottmann, Philipp Spieth, Ryan Guterman, Vladimir Atanasov, Markus Antonietti, Elias Klemm","doi":"10.1002/celc.70303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70303","url":null,"abstract":"Binders play a key role in fabricating efficient gas diffusion electrodes (GDEs), where catalyst layers are sprayed onto hydrophobic gas diffusion layers (GDLs). In a previous work, we investigated the use of a dry-pressed single-layer GDE composed of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and SnO2 supported on carbon black for CO2 reduction to formic acid (FA) with high Faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of 80%–90% at current densities of 200 mA cm−2. However, dry-pressed single-layer electrodes suffer from progressive electrowetting and flooding during the reduction. To address these limitations, we transferred this approach to catalyst-coated hydrophobic GDLs, which require suitable binders/ionomers. We examined Nafion, Sustainion, PTFE, and an imidazolium-based polymeric ionic liquid (PIL), specifically poly(1-vinyl-3-dodecylimidazolium bromide) (PIL1-d), which was anticipated to provide enhanced performance. The results demonstrated that incorporation of the PIL significantly improved electrode performance for electrochemical CO2 reduction (eCO2RR). This improvement was most pronounced for unsupported SnO2 and for larger SnO2 nanoparticles (>100 nm). Dynamic light scattering measurements indicated that the PIL already stabilized the SnO2 dispersion in the catalyst ink during spray coating through interactions with the oxide nanoparticles. An ionomer loading of 5 wt.% PIL in the catalyst layer was optimal, yielding a maximum FE of 92% FA at 200 mA cm−2.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70303","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148994115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting Electrolyte Effects in Oxygen Evolution Reaction on NiOOH: pH-Controlled Activity Depends on Catalyst Mesostructure 电解液对NiOOH析氧反应的影响：ph控制活性取决于催化剂的介观结构

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70300

Jordy J. J. Eggebeen, Thomas Touzalin, Yaxin Liu, Onno van der Heijden, Alfred Larsson, Marc T. M. Koper

{"title":"Revisiting Electrolyte Effects in Oxygen Evolution Reaction on NiOOH: pH-Controlled Activity Depends on Catalyst Mesostructure","authors":"Jordy J. J. Eggebeen, Thomas Touzalin, Yaxin Liu, Onno van der Heijden, Alfred Larsson, Marc T. M. Koper","doi":"10.1002/celc.70300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70300","url":null,"abstract":"The role of alkali cations and pH in governing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, catalyst structure, and intercalation behavior of nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) remains debated. Here, we decouple pH and cation concentration effects by independently varying hydroxide and alkali metal concentrations and correlating electrochemical activity with simultaneous electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (eQCM) mass measurements. We find that OER activity increases with alkalinity and depends on cation identity, while remaining independent of bulk cation concentration. Instead, increasing cation concentration solely improves the reversibility of the Ni(OH)2/NiOOH redox couple by enhancing ion transport in the catalyst mesopores. The apparent pH dependence is strongest at low concentrations and in thick, heterogeneous films where long diffusion pathways create transport limitations. In contrast, thin and homogeneous NiOOH layers exhibit a largely potential-independent and strongly diminished pH effect. These results demonstrate that the widely reported yet inconsistent pH effect is highly sensitive to morphology-related transport and conductivity limitations. Overall, pH governs cation intercalation and activity, while catalyst (meso-) structure determines the extent to which transport and internal pH gradient effects manifest.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70300","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Thioamide-Enabled Anodic N-Centered Radical Cyclizations 硫酰胺使能的阳极n中心自由基环化

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70302

Zachary Medcalf, Aidan Mason, Tiandi Wu, Sabrina Carneiro, Melanie S. Sanford, Kevin D. Moeller

引用次数: 0

Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting With TiO2 Thin Films: Effects of Thickness, Porosity, and Illumination Configuration TiO2薄膜的光电化学水分解：厚度、孔隙度和照明结构的影响

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70262

Michael Zuarez-Chamba, Lucas N. Mendioroz, Priscila Vensaus, Christian Robles, Sixto Giménez, Gastón Corthey, Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia

{"title":"Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting With TiO2 Thin Films: Effects of Thickness, Porosity, and Illumination Configuration","authors":"Michael Zuarez-Chamba, Lucas N. Mendioroz, Priscila Vensaus, Christian Robles, Sixto Giménez, Gastón Corthey, Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia","doi":"10.1002/celc.70262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70262","url":null,"abstract":"Nanostructured TiO2 photoanodes have attracted great attention for solar fuel generation via photoelectrochemical water splitting. However, to date, their application remains limited due to an incomplete understanding of the influence of morphology and thickness on the separation, transport, and transfer of photogenerated charge carriers. In addition, little attention has been paid to the critical role of illumination direction, which determines the spatial distribution of charge carriers. We conducted a systematic investigation into the synergistic impact of thin film morphology (mesoporous vs. dense), thickness (thin vs. thick), and illumination configuration (back vs. front) on the photoelectrochemical performance of nanostructured TiO2 photoelectrodes in the oxygen evolution reaction. Detailed structural, optical, photoelectrochemical, and ultrafast charge carrier dynamic characterization of the photoanodes reveal that mesoporous photoanodes are globally less efficient than dense ones, regardless of thickness and illumination direction. Electrochemical and ultrafast techniques indicate that this is due to the increased density of surface defects, a weaker electric field and slower charge transfer and transport in the mesoporous films, which promote higher recombination losses, mainly under front-side illumination. These findings indicate that optimizing not only the illumination mode but also film thickness, morphology, and surface quality is essential to achieve high photoelectrocatalytic activity.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70262","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electrochemical Dehydration in Flow: Fatty Acid Nitriles From Their Carboxamides 流动中的电化学脱水：脂肪酸腈从其羧胺中分离

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70308

Enrico Lunghi, Annemijn M. Van Koten, Siegfried R. Waldvogel

{"title":"Electrochemical Dehydration in Flow: Fatty Acid Nitriles From Their Carboxamides","authors":"Enrico Lunghi, Annemijn M. Van Koten, Siegfried R. Waldvogel","doi":"10.1002/celc.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70308","url":null,"abstract":"We established a sustainable and scalable electrochemical dehydration of highly lipophilic amides to their nitriles in recirculating flow electrolysis conditions, expanding on our previously published work on the electrochemical dehydration of carboxamides in batch-type cells. With our electrochemical flow setup, long-chain aliphatic carboxamides (C14–C18) and related substrates were converted efficiently, affording lipophilic nitriles in yields up to 88% (2.5 mmol) and 86% (4.4 mmol). The method proved robust across different flow reactor designs, including small cells for rapid screening and optimization, larger systems for scale-up, and adapted setups capable of handling suspensions, further highlighting the versatility of the flow approach. Tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate functions as both redox mediator and supporting electrolyte, while hexafluoroisopropanol is crucial to suppress side reactions. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, avoiding harsh catalysts and temperatures. Importantly, solvent recovery and reuse under recirculating flow operation maintained comparable yields, reinforcing the sustainability and practicality of this flow-based electrochemical process for producing valuable fatty nitriles.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70308","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fine-Tuning the Electrochemical Methanol Oxidation Activity of Pt@TiO2 Nanocomposites by Hydrophobic Nanoreactor Templating 疏水纳米反应器模板微调Pt@TiO2纳米复合材料的电化学甲醇氧化活性

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70269

Sima Heidari, Tobias Unmüssig, Felix Fink, Ralf Thomann, Anna Fischer

{"title":"Fine-Tuning the Electrochemical Methanol Oxidation Activity of Pt@TiO2 Nanocomposites by Hydrophobic Nanoreactor Templating","authors":"Sima Heidari, Tobias Unmüssig, Felix Fink, Ralf Thomann, Anna Fischer","doi":"10.1002/celc.70269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70269","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, Pt@TiO2 nanocomposite nanoarray electrocatalysts for methanol oxidation were synthesized by a one-pot hydrophobic nanoreactor templating (HNT) approach using PS-b-P4VP inverse micelles as the template and H2PtCl6·6H2O and TiCl4 as the Pt and Ti precursors, respectively. The resulting Pt@TiO2 nanoarray electrocatalysts consist of a monolayer of spherical nanocomposite superstructures composed of finely dispersed Pt nanoparticles firmly anchored on/in a polycrystalline TiO2 matrix. Their electrocatalytic activity toward methanol oxidation was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and CO stripping measurements. By varying the Pt and Ti precursor loadings within the precursor micelles as well as the calcination temperature, the catalytic performance could be tuned from moderate to high and surpass that of the benchmark Pt/C catalyst. The optimized catalyst reached a peak specific activity of 4.63 mA cm−2Pt, corresponding to a ∼3.2 times higher activity than that of a reference Pt/C catalyst. The enhanced performance is attributed to the precise nanostructure control attainable via HNT and the optimized related balance between Pt nanoparticle size, Pt surface accessibility, and Pt/TiO2 interfacial contact, which facilitates CO oxidation as a key step in methanol electrooxidation.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148909956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hierarchically Structured Potassium Titanium Phosphates as Reference and Diagnostic Electrodes in Potassium-Ion Batteries 分层结构的磷酸钛钾作为参考电极和诊断电极在钾离子电池

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-08-31 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70299

Andreas Heyn, Joshua A. Psille, Iurii Panasenko, Holger Geßwein, Monika Raab, Joachim R. Binder, Fabian Jeschull

{"title":"Hierarchically Structured Potassium Titanium Phosphates as Reference and Diagnostic Electrodes in Potassium-Ion Batteries","authors":"Andreas Heyn, Joshua A. Psille, Iurii Panasenko, Holger Geßwein, Monika Raab, Joachim R. Binder, Fabian Jeschull","doi":"10.1002/celc.70299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70299","url":null,"abstract":"The high reactivity and unstable potential of metallic potassium limits its application as a stable reference or counter electrode for a precise and reliable electrochemical characterization of electrode active materials for potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). In this study, we investigate the application of hierarchically structured KTi2(PO4)3/C (KTP/C) and KTiOPO4/C (KTPO/C) composites as a reference (RE) or diagnostic electrode (DE) respectively. KTP/C is a promising RE due to its stable potential at 1.88 V versus K+/K on a long-term scale for more than 250 h in a three-electrode configuration with a KTP/C working electrode (WE) and RE against a metallic potassium counter electrode (CE). Instead, KTPO/C exhibits a low kinetic limitation, making this material ideally suited as a DE for PIBs. To prove the suitability of KTPO/C as a DE, a full-cell setup of K3V2(PO4)3/C (KVP/C) as WE against a KTPO/C DE was developed. The full-cell setup with a KTPO/C DE revealed a significant underestimation of the properties of KVP/C compared to the conventional half-cell setups with a metallic potassium CE. The developed RE and DE for PIBs facilitate an accurate and reliable electrochemical characterization of electrode active materials for and will accelerate the future development of PIBs.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70299","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rational Selection of Carbon Source for High-Performance Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathodes: Correlating Carbon Layer Properties With Electrochemical Performance 高性能Na3V2(PO4)3阴极碳源的合理选择：碳层性能与电化学性能的关系

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70298

Lichen Zhao, Boxiang Ma, Menghao Wang, Huifang Zhang, Juncheng Qi, Rongchang Chen

{"title":"Rational Selection of Carbon Source for High-Performance Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathodes: Correlating Carbon Layer Properties With Electrochemical Performance","authors":"Lichen Zhao, Boxiang Ma, Menghao Wang, Huifang Zhang, Juncheng Qi, Rongchang Chen","doi":"10.1002/celc.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70298","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium vanadium phosphate (Na3V2(PO4)3, NVP) is regarded as a promising cathode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, its practical application is severely impeded by the inherent low electronic conductivity. Carbon coating has been widely adopted to mitigate this limitation, primarily because it can form an interconnected conductive network. Herein, a series of NVP/C composites was synthesized via a sol-gel method followed by calcination, employing oxalic acid, citric acid, sucrose, and ascorbic acid as distinct carbon sources. The influence of carbon sources on the degree of graphitization, specific surface area, uniformity, and morphology of the derived carbon coating was systematically investigated, and its correlation with the electrochemical performance was established. The results demonstrate that the composite prepared with citric acid as a carbon source (denoted as NVP/C-N) exhibits the most favorable carbon layer structure, featuring large specific surface area, high graphitization, and uniform coverage, which contribute to its superior sodium storage properties. Specifically, it delivers a high reversible capacity, excellent rate capability, and outstanding cycling stability. This work elucidates the critical role of carbon source selection in determining the interfacial and conductive properties of NVP/C composites and provides practical guidance for the rational design of high-performance NVP-based cathodes for advanced SIBs.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70298","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Role of Water in Electrochemical Urea Oxidation Revealed by Mechanistic Insight in MeCN–H2O Mixed Solvents 水在men - h2o混合溶剂中电化学尿素氧化中的作用机理研究

IF 5.2 4区化学

ChemElectroChem Pub Date : 2026-08-27 DOI: 10.1002/celc.70301

Atsushi Muramatsu, Hiroaki Kotani, Tomoya Ishizuka, Takeo Fukui, Takahiko Kojima

{"title":"Role of Water in Electrochemical Urea Oxidation Revealed by Mechanistic Insight in MeCN–H2O Mixed Solvents","authors":"Atsushi Muramatsu, Hiroaki Kotani, Tomoya Ishizuka, Takeo Fukui, Takahiko Kojima","doi":"10.1002/celc.70301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.70301","url":null,"abstract":"Urea electrolysis in water is an attractive approach for ultrapure water production; however, the mechanism of electrochemical urea oxidation reaction (UOR) remains unclear. Here, we investigated UOR in MeCN–H2O mixed solution by changing the water ratio to reveal the role of water via hydrogen bonding with urea, gaining a mechanistic insight into UOR. The effect of water on UOR was evaluated and argued based on the analysis using 1H NMR spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements. The results indicated that water molecules can weakly interact with urea (binding constant (K) is 0.18 M−1), which affect the current on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). However, the electrochemical urea decomposition rate exhibited a maximum value at 1% water fraction in the range of 0%–30% water contents because the oxidation potential of urea showed a positive shift at higher water fraction. Then, nitrogen-containing products (NH4+, NO2−, NO3−, and N2) derived from electrochemical UOR were characterized by GC and HPLC in the range of 0%–30% water contents. Judging from these results, we have concluded that the reactivity of electrochemical UOR is dependent on the water fraction and the mechanism of electrochemical UOR is influenced by water due to the hydrogen bonding with urea.","PeriodicalId":142,"journal":{"name":"ChemElectroChem","volume":"13 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/celc.70301","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0