International Journal of Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Development of quality indicators for a community pharmacy setting.","authors":"Ann Helen Jakobsen, Noriko Sato, Timothy F Chen, Kenji Fujita, Lars Småbrekke, Kjell H Halvorsen","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Community pharmacies in Norway offer accessible healthcare services that require monitoring. Relevant and realistic quality indicators (QIs) must be developed to establish standards. This study aimed to establish consensus on healthcare quality measures in a community pharmacy setting by implementing two distinct approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive multi-phase research design was implemented to identify, define, and select potential QIs for community pharmacies. Potential QIs were identified and nominated from workshops, focus groups, and literature. Thirteen panellists were recruited for a modified Delphi study over two rounds. We used the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) panel median ratings and disagreement index (DI) to assess appropriateness and disagreement and define consensus.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>We identified 192 QIs from workshops, focus groups and literature searches. After duplicates were removed and QIs with similar wording were merged, 137 QIs were nominated for the first Delphi round. The panellists deemed 61 appropriate, two inappropriate and excluded six QIs in the first round. The remaining 68 QIs were assessed in Round 2, where 23 achieved consensus as appropriate without disagreement. After DI was calculated, the number of QIs categorized as appropriate without disagreement after Round 1 and 2 was 34 and 10, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the use of the RAM combined with the DI to establish consensus on healthcare quality measures, i.e. QIs for community pharmacy services. Our findings indicate that the number of QIs considered acceptable is strongly impacted by the method chosen to handle disagreement in the ratings. Incorporating DI and conventional RAM disagreement calculations reduced the number of QIs deemed acceptable by half.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are pharmacists adequately prepared to navigate ethical dilemmas in vaccinating children and adolescents?","authors":"Ashenafi Kibret Sendekie, Petra Czarniak, Leanne Chalmers, Tin Fei Sim","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public perceptions of community pharmacy roles in public health services: further content validity analysis of free text comments from the PubPharmQ Questionnaire.","authors":"Sarah L Brown, Jordan E Smith, Rose Rapado, Amie-Louise Prior, Delyth H James","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Establishing the extent to which the public is ready to engage in community pharmacy (CP)-based public-health-related services in the UK is essential for maximizing uptake. The PubPharmQ was developed to measure public perceptions of these roles to identify the barriers to and facilitators for service uptake. The aim of this paper is to describe further content validity testing of the PubPharmQ, through analysis of the qualitative free-text comments provided by participants during the psychometric testing phase of questionnaire development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Template analysis was undertaken of free-text comments provided by participants during the development and psychometric testing of the PubPharmQ, allowing for deductive and inductive analysis across the dataset.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Of the 306 respondents who completed the PubPharmQ, 78 (25.5%) provided at least one free-text comment (total 172 comments). Six themes were constructed from the data. Four themes, Role in Public Health, Relationship, Privacy, and Expertise, were deductively mapped from PubPharmQ scales. Two new themes were identified inductively; Perceived Capacity (i.e. perceived staff capacity to deliver public health roles) and Care-seeking Behaviour: Pharmacy First (i.e. likelihood to access CP for advice before another healthcare provider).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings provide further underpinning support for the PubPharmQ content validity whilst highlighting one further potential perceived barrier to the public's engagement with public-health-related-services in the CP (i.e. Capacity). Future use of the PubPharmQ should consider adding questions relating to perceived capacity of CP staff to deliver public-health-related services, and the likelihood of seeking advice from CP first.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144110590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending nuclear weapons, before they end us†.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Marion Birch, Inga Blum, Peter Doherty, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton, Kati Juva, Jose F Lapena, Robert Mash, Olga Mironova, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, David Onazi, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Carlos Umaña, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mixed methods protocol for an impact and implementation evaluation of the Pharmacy First Services for management of common conditions in England.","authors":"Rebecca E Glover, Mirza Lalani, Kimberley Sonnex, Thomas Allen, Claire Anderson, Diane Ashiru-Oredope, Anthony Avery, Carol Coupland, Rachel Elliott, James Goulding, Hannah Higgins, Stacy Johnson, Brian Mackenna, Berit Muller-Pebody, Stephen O'Neill, Agata Pacho, Amelia Taylor, Tracey Thornley, Nicholas Mays","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf004","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In response to high levels of demand for primary medical services in England, characterized by longer appointment waiting times and delayed referrals, the Government developed its National Health Service (NHS) Primary Care Recovery Plan. A key component of the plan is Pharmacy First (PF), which involves participating community pharmacies supplying prescription-only medicine after consultation with a pharmacist for seven common conditions: earache, uncomplicated urinary tract infections in women, sore throat, sinusitis, impetigo, shingles, and infected insect bites. The study aims to evaluate the implementation of the PF service and its impact on the volume of prescribing, case mix of General Practitioner consultations, accident and emergency department and other hospital use, equity of access, and cost for different groups of patients in different contexts, as well as its acceptability and fidelity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A 36-month, mixed methods evaluation with five elements, namely evidence synthesis, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, quantitative analysis of impacts before and after implementation (e.g. using interrupted time series analysis) using routine data, and an economic evaluation. Findings will be synthesized and interpreted using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research supplemented by Proctor's Implementation Outcomes Framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evaluation should have service level, policy, professional, and research impact both in England and beyond. This includes generating evidence to show: whether PF contributes to improving primary healthcare access, assessing the quality of antimicrobial use, identifying the scope for refinements to PF, and, overall, informing better implementation of PF. The findings will also provide robust evidence to enable policymakers to determine how to enhance the role of community pharmacy in England in the future. Furthermore, the evaluation will develop a data dashboard, and the methods and codes used to interrogate it (though not the patient data), will be made publicly available that could support other similar evaluations in England and internationally.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"152-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143566677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative exploration of stakeholder perspectives of independent prescribing by newly qualified pharmacists: a theoretical domains interview study.","authors":"Megan Fawkes, Rachel Mullen, Suzanne Cutler","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riae056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riae056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore the perspectives of stakeholders on the General Pharmaceutical Council's revised Standards for the Initial Education and Training of Pharmacists that enable pharmacists to prescribe at the point of registration, from 2026.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to develop schedules for structured interviews that were conducted with various stakeholders and recorded via Microsoft Teams. Recordings were transcribed verbatim, checked for accuracy, and then analysed using the Framework approach, facilitated by NVIVO® software.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>In total, 43 participants (patients, community, hospital and primary care pharmacists, GPs, and nurses) were interviewed. Eleven out of the fourteen TDF domains were identified, the most frequently cited being 'beliefs about consequences', e.g. reducing pressure on the healthcare service, and concerns that non-prescribing pharmacists will be disadvantaged by the change. The domain 'environmental context and resources' was also cited where increasing placement opportunities to develop the required clinical skills were key enablers to implementation, while a lack of confidence, and lack of space, equipment and commercial pressures were considered barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, stakeholders in the study were supportive of pharmacists registering as independent prescribers upon qualification, however, there were concerns raised regarding their readiness, as well as preparedness of employers for this change. These concerns must be addressed to reassure stakeholders and to ensure that universities and employers adequately prepare pharmacists to prescribe at the point of registration and provide them with support and the necessary infrastructure to do so safely.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"146-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142948824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-based HbA1c testing programme for early detection of undiagnosed diabetes in community pharmacy.","authors":"Aiko Shono, Aki Morihiro, Nobue Harada, Xerxes Seposo, Wataru Mimura, Shu-Ling Hoshi, Naoya Yahagi, Seiko Miyazaki, Masahide Kondo","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Testing with fingertip blood sampling, including HbA1c testing, has been available in community pharmacies in Japan since 2014. In 2016, the Mihara Pharmacy Association in Hiroshima Prefecture, in collaboration with the Mihara municipal government, developed a community programme that utilized the walk-in HbA1c test that could be offered by participating community pharmacies. The aim of this study was to assess whether the new programme could detect undiagnosed DM in the community and to compare groups who had and had not accessed the SHCG programme among SHCG eligible participants.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The programme includes pharmacist advice following participants conducted Hba1c testing in the pharmacy, and completing a questionnaire to collect self-reported personal data including lifestyle, demography, height, weight, and blood pressure. All those accessing the programme were included. We analysed data from fiscal years 2016 to 2018, obtained retrospectively from the questionnaires.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The participants aged 40-74 years who were the target of a national health check programme represented 73.7% of the 1933 total unique participants. Approximately 40% of these participants did not undergo routine checkups, 23.8% had HbA1c scores ≥5.6%, and 2.7% had HbA1c scores ≥6.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The walk-in HbA1c community testing programme provided an opportunity to test the diabetes mellitus risk of residents, especially those who have missed their routine checkups. If the community programme were adopted widely, more undiagnosed populations at risk for diabetes mellitus could be detected in the early stages and the use of community resources such as pharmacists and pharmacies would be utilized.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevance of therapeutic prescription modifications in Dutch community pharmacies.","authors":"Ellen van Loon, Mette Heringa, Annemieke Floor-Schreudering, Peter de Smet, Marcel Bouvy","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riae060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riae060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Community pharmacists modify prescriptions to solve or prevent drug-related problems. To assess the relevance of prescription modifications, they are usually judged on clinical outcomes only, overlooking their humanistic and economic impact. This study aims to evaluate therapeutic prescription modifications performed by Dutch community pharmacists in terms of clinical outcome, along with the humanistic aspect \"usability\" and economic aspect \"efficiency.\"</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multidisciplinary panel evaluated the relevance of 160 cases of therapeutic prescription modifications collected in community pharmacies. Cases were stratified for type of drug-related problem based on their frequency in the original set of modifications. Both the relevance in general and the impact on the individual aspects of effectiveness and medication safety, usability, and efficiency were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Sixteen cases (10.0%) were excluded because of insufficient information for evaluation. Sixty percent of the 144 cases were evaluated as relevant (56.3% relevant and 4.2% highly relevant). The remaining cases (31.9%) were moderately relevant. For 7.6% of the cases, evaluations were inconclusive. In 25.0% of the cases, there was a major improvement on at least one of the aspects effectiveness, medication safety, usability, or efficiency.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The majority of therapeutic prescription modifications performed by Dutch community pharmacists were evaluated as relevant or highly relevant by a multidisciplinary panel. Modifications improved clinical, humanistic, and economic aspects. This shows the important role of community pharmacists in primary healthcare. Sharing more clinical information like indication, illness severity, and treatment plan will enable pharmacists to improve their contribution to safe medication use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"169-179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of pharmacists' perspectives on preparing discharge medicine lists: a cross-sectional single-centre study.","authors":"Gemma Burns, Helena Gjone, Trudy Teasdale, Laetitia Hattingh","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riae077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riae077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explored South-East Queensland Australian pharmacists' perspectives on preparing discharge medicine lists, specifically involvement of pharmacy assistants, use of electronic medication management software, and expanding pharmacists' scope during discharge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic survey distributed to pharmacists during December 2021 and data collected over 3 weeks.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Pharmacists supported increased involvement of pharmacy assistants (with structured collaborative training), pharmacist-led medication reconciliation, and producing the discharge medicine list directly from the electronic record.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Increased scope of pharmacy assistants to complete technical tasks will improve pharmacists' capacity to integrate with the medical team and perform discharge medication reconciliation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"217-221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacist interventions to improve medication adherence in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes: a scoping review and bibliometric analysis.","authors":"Adwoa Oforiwaa Kwakye, Mahmood Brobbey Oppong, Irene Akwo Kretchy","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the characteristics, assessment methods and overall impact of pharmacist-led interventions on medication adherence (MA) and clinical outcomes in patients with co-morbid hypertension and diabetes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A predetermined search in four scientific databases (Scopus, Cochrane, Medline, and CINAHL) and a search engine (Google Scholar) was conducted between October 2023 and February 2024. This review was reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). A screening was conducted which considered the article type (original article), written in the English language and based on the study's relevance while conference proceedings, reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded. Bibliometric indicators and VOSviewer were utilized to analyse and visualize keyword networks.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Out of the 420 studies initially identified, 12 of them involving 3512 patients were analysed in this review. The majority (11) reported a significant effect of pharmacist interventions on MA to prescribe medications. Pharmacist-led interventions, including remote and in-person education, special monitoring, and medication simplification, significantly improved MA and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension and diabetes. The inclusion of patient education in a pharmacist-led multimodal intervention achieved a 100% success rate in improving MA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>For patients with hypertension and diabetes co-morbidity, integrating pharmacist education in multifaceted interventions is more effective in improving MA and clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":"33 2","pages":"134-145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}