International Journal of Pharmacy Practice最新文献

{"title":"Extemporaneous compounding in Australian community pharmacies: extent, nature, and opinions.","authors":"Natalie Cooper, Daniel J Hoyle, Sandra E Holmes, Luke R Bereznicki","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study explores the extent and nature of compounding practices, and the relevant experiences and opinions of pharmacists within Australian community pharmacies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a self-administered survey that was emailed to 3349 Australian community pharmacies. The survey collected information on the extent and nature of compounding, as well as the experiences and opinions of pharmacists, using Likert scales and free-text responses. Comparisons were made between pharmacies that identified as compounding pharmacies ('specialized pharmacies') and those that did not ('non-specialized pharmacies').</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Of the 270 responses analyzed, 95.9% (n = 259) of pharmacies undertook on-site compounding and 4.1% (n = 11) did not. Moreover, 9.6% (n = 26) of pharmacies identified themselves as specialized compounding pharmacies. Specialized pharmacies prepared greater volumes of compounded prescriptions and were more likely to undertake complex compounding compared to non-specialized pharmacies. A minority of non-specialized pharmacies (10.7%; n = 25) reported compounding complex products, which are considered outside of their scope of practice according to the national guidelines. Approximately one-third of all pharmacist respondents (31.5%; n = 63) were unaware of the guideline changes in 2015. The use of Standard Operating Procedures for compounding was reported by just over half of the pharmacists (58.8%; n = 124).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compounding is common among Australian community pharmacies. While specialized pharmacies primarily perform complex compounding, some non-specialized pharmacies also compound complex products, indicating a potential lack of awareness of the 2015 guideline and a need for educational support. Future research is needed to ascertain practice changes following guideline revisions in 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"180-187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of pharmacy education and pharmacy practice in developing pharmacists as researchers.","authors":"Elizabeth Unni, Jamie Kellar","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf024","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"131-133"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of consumers' patterns of reimbursable prescription medications between online-only and community pharmacies.","authors":"Anne Estrup Olesen, Jacob Herrig Simonsen, Susanne Storm Madsen, Rikke Nørgaard Hansen, Ann Lykkegaard Sørensen","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf003","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Online pharmacies have emerged as a novel method for procuring reimbursable medicines. The study aimed to compare consumers' patterns of reimbursable prescription medications between online-only and community pharmacies in The North Denmark Region which is one of five regions in Denmark.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The retrospective study used registered data for all reimbursable medicine prescriptions from pharmacies in 2022 across Denmark but specifically retrieved from patients residing in The North Denmark Region.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>In 2022, 4414 and 395 438 patients obtained reimbursable medicines from 2 online-only and 240 community pharmacies, respectively. The age distribution of patients using online-only pharmacies was significantly different from community pharmacies (P < .001) as the proportion of patients in age groups 30-69 years was higher for online-only pharmacies. Whereas patients above the age of 70 were more likely to fill prescriptions from community pharmacies. The gender distribution of patients using online-only pharmacies was different from community pharmacies (P < .001) as a higher proportion of females filled prescriptions from online-only pharmacies. The distribution of patients' living areas differed between the two types of pharmacies (P < .001), where the proportion of patients from metropolitan municipalities was higher at online-only pharmacies. The distribution of prescriptions by anatomical therapeutic chemical code differed between the two types of pharmacies (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumer patterns were different between online-only and community. These insights may inform pharmacy owners, ensuring both online and community pharmacies meet public health needs effectively in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"211-216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143122899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacists' readiness for minor ailment services in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study of perceptions, barriers, and facilitators.","authors":"Fahad Alzahrani, Nosaiba B Khairi, Baraah O Alattas, Toqa H Alrehaili, Ghadeer S Aljehani, Renad B Alahmadi, Dalia Mohammed Refi, Lama S Aljohani, Haifa Abdulrahman Fadil, Faris S Alnezary, Sultan S Al Thaqfan","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riae067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ijpp/riae067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Minor ailments are a significant burden on primary care services globally. In Saudi Arabia's evolving healthcare landscape, pharmacists play a crucial informal role, but no coordinated national approach exists. Understanding pharmacists' preparedness is thus vital to optimize successful integration. This study evaluated Saudi community pharmacists' perceptions, barriers, and facilitators related to minor ailment services (MAS) for capacity-building strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to July 2023. Data were collected from participants using a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire with 48 questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS v.27.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Of the 720 pharmacists invited to participate, 442 completed the questionnaire, yielding an overall response rate of 61.4% (442/720). Most pharmacists recognized the value of accessible self-care support using their skills (92.6%), but 26.9% feared misdiagnosis risks. Most (93.9%) emphasized prudent triage and history-taking, and yet 22.2% were ambivalent on referrals. Key barriers that were identified included the lack of patient information (71.5%), lack of reimbursement for MAS (61.8%), lack of a private/counseling area (59.5%), and lack of knowledge for minor ailment management (48.2%). Pharmacists who work in rural areas, work part-time, and have not attended any training or education programs also tend to display a more uncertain attitude toward delivering services for minor ailments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pharmacists in Saudi Arabia can play a significant role in managing minor ailments, but the identified barriers must be addressed to integrate their services thoroughly. That can be done through comprehensive training, allocating resources, and establishing structured communication and referral pathways. This integration can improve healthcare accessibility, reduce costs, and better utilize pharmacists' expertise for delivering patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse drug reaction reporting by New Zealand pharmacists: a cross-sectional investigation of community and hospital pharmacists.","authors":"Emily Whyte, Nadia Hussain, Mudassir Anwar","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The study aimed to investigate the factors influencing adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting among New Zealand's community and hospital pharmacists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two surveys were created for distinct practice settings, with the demographics section tailored to each setting while the core content remained consistent. The surveys included six sections: demographics, reporting practices, attitudes and behaviours towards reporting, barriers, facilitators to reporting, and future improvements. Sections 3-6 used Likert scale questions to measure agreement. Participants were identified from a list of registered pharmacists in New Zealand who had consented to participate in research during their practice license renewal, obtained from the Pharmacy Council. The surveys were emailed to 2762 pharmacists with a 23% (n = 632) response rate. The collected data underwent descriptive statistical analysis using SPSS® and inferential statistics were applied. Fisher's exact test determined relationships between responses and practice setting and Relative Importance Index (RII) quantified statement importance.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>The majority of the participants were female (74.8%), European (63%), and aged 31-40 years. Analysis revealed time as the main influence on ADR reporting. While both groups had positive attitudes towards reporting, they identified the time-consuming nature as the most significant barrier. Online reporting was identified as the most important facilitator. Of potential interventions, hospital pharmacists found having full access to patient information most important, whereas community pharmacists prioritized a built-in reporting tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although pharmacists had positive attitudes towards ADR reporting, time constraints hindered reporting. To improve reporting practices, we recommend the implementation of a pharmacy patient management system and the ability to access full patient information.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144024571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the horizon; considerations on convenience of oral biologic agents in psoriasis.","authors":"Seán O'Malley, Cliona Feighery","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf025","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacists' referrals to General Practice with suspected need of antibiotics: an Australian cross-sectional pilot study.","authors":"Paulina Stehlik, Rebekah Moles, Mark Jones, Amanda Murray, Sarira El-Den, Mark Morgan, Chris Del Mar","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Interventions to reduce antibiotic use focus on general practitioners (GPs) and patient behaviour, not pharmacists, who may inadvertently drive antibiotic expectations by referrals to GPs. No data are available on pharmacist referrals for suspected antibiotic-requiring infections. We conducted a feasibility pilot to provide data for robust sample size calculation and identify areas for further exploration.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pharmacists and GPs were recruited independently using convenience sampling. They completed prospective data collection on 20 consecutive minor ailment encounters and consultations respectively. Pharmacists recorded patient gender, age, referral reason, and any comments. GPs recorded patient age, gender, reason for visit, and origin of patient referral including self-referral. All data were analysed descriptively. Generalized estimating equation multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate factors that may be associated with pharmacist referral rates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We recruited 19 pharmacists representing 466 minor ailments encounters, and 19 GPs representing 394 consultations. Pharmacists referred 17% (77/466) of all minor ailments encounters for suspected antibiotic-requiring infections. Comments suggested reasons included upper-respiratory tract, ear nose and throat, and urinary tract infections. Most of suspected antibiotic-requiring infections referrals were to a GP (81%; 62/77). No GP consultations for infection (n = 88) were documented as being referred by a pharmacist; the majority were self-referred (77%; 68/88).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our pilot indicated that exploration of pharmacist referral for antibiotics is feasible and warranted. Future studies should quantify referral rates, reasons for referral, and observed differences between pharmacist and GP results. Our results should be used for the basis of a robust sample size calculation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Closing the gap: achieving equity for disabled pharmacy professionals.","authors":"Ashifa Trivedi, Rebecca Burgoyne, Amira Chaudry, Amna Khan-Patel, Maria Nasim, Sinéad Peare, Nisha Thakrar, Clare Thomson","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmet healthcare needs of people with multimorbidity-can community pharmacists close the gap?","authors":"Catarina Samorinha, Sanah Hasan, Kevin Mc Namara, Amna M Othman, Polly Duncan, Karem Alzoubi, Hamzah Alzubaidi","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Identify factors associated with unmet healthcare needs in patients with multimorbidity and determine the support community pharmacists can offer to meet these needs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>People with multimorbidity were recruited from community pharmacies where research assistants approached all patients and asked them questions to determine their eligibility: having two or more chronic conditions, being at least 18 years old, and speaking either Arabic or English. Those who met the criteria were invited to participate in the study. Consenting participants completed a survey designed based on international guidelines, utilizing validated tools to measure healthcare needs, quality of life, treatment burden, and medication self-efficacy. Generalized linear models were used to identify predictors of unmet needs.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>Two hundred and twenty-four participants completed the survey (response rate = 81%). Participants indicated significant healthcare needs particularly in areas such as communication and relationships (M = 4.4 ± 0.9) and medication information (M = 3.8 ± 0.7). Higher education and medication self-efficacy were associated with lower needs for counselling (B = -0.966; P < .001 and B = -113; P < .001, respectively) and communication (B = -0.547; P < .008 and B = -0.088; P = .003, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated community pharmacists' potential to address multimorbidity. To optimize their role, primary healthcare delivery needs to be reorganized to empower pharmacists to support patients with complex healthcare needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143784477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An exploration of clinical pharmacy practices in Lao PDR: a national survey of hospital pharmacists.","authors":"Vanlounni Sibounheuang, Surasak Chaiyasong, Wanarat Anusornsangiam","doi":"10.1093/ijpp/riaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpp/riaf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore clinical pharmacy practice among hospital pharmacists in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in 158 hospitals of Lao PDR, surveying hospital pharmacists involved in patient care from January to March 2022. The number of pharmacists providing clinical pharmacy and their practice frequency were assessed. Differences across pharmacist characteristics, hospitals, and areas were examined.</p><p><strong>Key findings: </strong>One hundred thirty-nine hospital pharmacists completed the questionnaire, a response rate of 87.9%. The number of hospital pharmacists per 100,000 population was highest in Xaisomboun and lowest in Savannakhet. The number of pharmacists per 1,000 km² was highest in Vientiane prefecture, and very low in many provinces. Only 12 (1.3%) pharmacists reported training in clinical pharmacy. The most prevalent activities were evaluating drug therapy (96.4%), upholding professionalism (96.4%), and committing professionalism (94.9%). The least prevalent were locating evidence (56.8%), applying knowledge (58.9%), and demonstrating continuing professional development (59.7%). Differences in practices were noted between age, qualification, and hospital types. Current major activities included rational drug use, antibiotic stewardship, and managing adverse drug reactions. Future expectations included diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus, and tuberculosis clinics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Clinical pharmacy services like patient care and pharmacotherapy management are frequently provided, but there is a shortage of trained clinical pharmacists and variability in practices between hospitals and regions. Technical support, training programmes, and a clinical pharmacy framework are needed in Lao PDR.</p>","PeriodicalId":14284,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Pharmacy Practice","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143763367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}