International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献

{"title":"Research on label propagation based on clustering and semi-supervised learning under limited fault data of air conditioning system","authors":"Yabin Guo ,&nbsp;Congcong Du ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zunlong Jin ,&nbsp;Yaxin Liu ,&nbsp;Yuhua Wang ,&nbsp;Weilin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat pump systems may experience various faults under complex operating conditions, making fault diagnosis crucial for ensuring reliable operation and effective equipment management. At present, related research in this area is highly dependent on labeled data, while few studies focus on using unsupervised learning to process unlabeled data. However, it is difficult to obtain real and labeled fault data, which is an important factor limiting the development of fault detection and diagnosis technology. Therefore, two label propagation strategies are proposed in this study, including the clustering-based model and the model combined with semi-supervised learning. Through the proposed method, limited labeled data can be utilized to expand the dataset. In addition, the effects of different parameters on the accuracy performance of the models are compared. Finally, the two models are optimized by using ensemble clustering, which significantly improves the accuracy of label propagation. Specifically, after optimization with ensemble clustering, the overall accuracy of clustering-based and semi-supervised label propagation models can reach up to 98.0 % and 94.5 %, respectively. In terms of label propagation accuracy for each fault type, both models avoid serious misjudgment of minority class data after optimization, and the label propagation accuracy of other types has also been effectively improved. The research results show that the method proposed in this study can effectively address the problem of low utilization of unlabeled data, thereby improving the fault diagnosis performance of the machine learning model of air conditioning system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 111-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on the relative sliding characteristics of the joint bearings in airborne high-pressure wobble plate compressor","authors":"Pengfei Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yiping Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Du ,&nbsp;Yuan Lv ,&nbsp;Xiufeng Gao ,&nbsp;Yun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wobble plate compressors are favored in aviation for compactness. The joint bearing on a wobble plate is a critical component of the drive system, but its motion characteristics are complex, and currently lacking a motion model. This study develops a composite motion model for the wobble plate in airborne wobble plate compressors with both bevel gear and roller-straight groove anti-rotation designs, using a microelement method. The result shows that the wobble plate simultaneously rotates around an instantaneous axis within its plane and its normal axis, exhibiting similar behavior in both anti-rotation types with minor deviations below 5 % in angular velocity and 20 % in axis when the inclination angle is less than 25°. The motion characteristics of the joint bearing's ball socket relative to the ball head mirror the wobble plate, with equal rotational velocities and parallel axes. This theoretical model is validated through ADAMS simulations, achieving a high level of accuracy with less than 1.5 % deviation in maximum relative sliding velocity at the selected point in both anti-rotation structures. The research further investigates the influence of compressor rotation speed, wobble plate inclination angle, and joint bearing radius on the maximum relative sliding velocity, revealing an approximately proportional relationship. The area with the maximum time-averaged relative sliding velocity is located near the bottom of the ball socket, suggesting a potential wear hotspot. The experimental observation of morphology confirms this. This research provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for wear analysis and optimized design for joint bearings in wobble plate compressors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 165-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An adaptive control method for room air conditioners based on application scene identification and user preference prediction","authors":"Haomin Cao ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Zeng ,&nbsp;Dawei Zhuang ,&nbsp;Guoliang Ding ,&nbsp;Yanpo Shao ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenduan Qi ,&nbsp;Xiong Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Room air conditioners are widely used to control indoor air parameters to user preferred values for thermal comfort, but the existing control methods might be uncomfortable due to changeable user preferences or be high-cost due to physiological sensors. The purpose of this study is to develop an adaptive control method for room air conditioners at a low cost. The basic idea is to adopt data mining of operating parameters instead of monitoring by physiological sensors, and the key technology is the control of compressor frequency and indoor unit fan speed based on the application scene of the room air conditioner and the user preferred values of indoor air parameters. During the use of the room air conditioner, the application scene is identified by comparing the probabilities of the room air conditioner being in the sleep scene, work scene, or leisure scene, and the user preferred values are predicted by correcting the group preferred values of users in the same city with the setting records of the user. To ensure the reliability of the control method, the accuracy of application scene identification, user preference prediction, and adaptive control is validated by the data collected from the room air conditioners used in the cities of Shanghai, Guangzhou, Dalian, Wuhan, Chongqing, and Haikou. It is shown that the accuracy of application scene identification, user preferred air temperature prediction and user preferred air velocity prediction is 79 %, 88 %, and 94 %, respectively; indoor air temperatures can be controlled within ±0.5 °C of the set values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 138-153"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on defrosting multi outdoor units in turn for air source heat pump using hot gas","authors":"Xiang Li,&nbsp;Guoyuan Ma,&nbsp;Tianyu Lu,&nbsp;Lei Gao,&nbsp;Weilai Rong,&nbsp;Yuexuan Gong,&nbsp;Shuxue Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve the efficiency of air source heat pumps and eliminate the performance degradation caused by frost in winter, a hot gas bypass defrosting experimental platform was built and the hot gas bypass defrosting experiment under different outdoor temperature and different opening degree of hot gas bypass valve were carried out. The results showed that the defrosting of the heat pump evaporator can be completed well by adopting the hot gas bypass defrosting method without interrupting the heat pump heating. At outdoor temperatures of -10 °C, -5 °C and 0 °C, the most appropriate time for heat pump to activate hot gas bypass defrosting were 30 min, 40 min and 50 min, respectively. The corresponding peak value of average heating capacity were 7.96 kW, 10.16 kW, and 12.08 kW, and the heating <em>COP_C</em> values were 3.03, 3.56, and 4.19, respectively. The increase of bypass exhaust volume would shorten the defrosting time but also reduce the heating capacity of the heat pump during the defrosting process. Hence the optimum defrosting start time of the system is different with different bypass valve opening. For the system built by this paper, the 20 % bypass valve opening had the best performance in defrosting, and the optimal defrosting start time was 40 min, during which the average heating capacity and <em>COP_C</em> achieved peak values of 10.16 kW and 3.56, respectively. These results provide a reference for the defrosting design of air source heat pumps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 76-85"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond static accuracy: Exploring the ideal temperature sensor for dynamic DCHE environments","authors":"Chanida Topakham,&nbsp;Atit Koonsrisuk","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temperature and humidity measurements in desiccant-coated heat exchangers (DCHEs) face unique challenges due to rapid transitions between operating modes and varying thermal conditions. The dynamic nature of DCHE operation requires a more comprehensive evaluation of sensor performance. This study evaluates three temperature sensors (K-type thermocouple, PT100, and DS18B20) within a temperature range of 23 °C to 60 °C. Our methodology combined calibration accuracy analysis, dynamic response evaluation through time constant measurements, and uncertainty quantification in actual DCHE operating conditions. Results revealed that while the PT100 sensor showed superior static accuracy, the DS18B20 demonstrated better performance in dynamic conditions, exhibiting the shortest time constant (70–80 s) and lowest uncertainty in humidity measurements (±1 % in dehumidification mode). Our analysis establishes guidelines for handling sensor readings during mode transitions and determines optimal calibration requirements for each sensor type. These findings provide crucial insights for more reliable temperature and humidity measurements in dynamic thermal environments. The results establish new criteria for sensor selection in DCHE applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 86-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy-efficient chilling and storage of beef using slurry ice: Assessing of chilling efficiency and quality changes","authors":"Yue Qiu,&nbsp;Jixuan Song,&nbsp;Baofang Zhang,&nbsp;Junxiong Lu,&nbsp;Yuting Ding,&nbsp;Xuxia Zhou,&nbsp;Fei Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study investigated the impact of slurry ice (SI) at -1.5 °C (SI1) and -2.5 °C (SI2) on chilling efficiency, quality of beef and energy consumption during chilling and subsequent 24-day storage, in comparison with conventional 4 °C refrigeration (RF) and 0 °C crushed ice (CI) treatments. SI2 achieved a central temperature reduction to 0 °C in beef within a 5-hour period, adhering to the standards for very fast chilling. The chilling rates of SI2 surpassed those of RF and CI by 939.82 % and 595.34 %, respectively. Beef treated with SI1 and SI2 exhibited superior microbial safety, with the total viable counts remaining below 5 log CFU/g, and 1.5–2 log CFU/g lower than those in the RF and CI groups by day 24. SI also significantly slowed the deterioration of beef quality by maintaining lower levels of total volatile basic nitrogen, thiobarbituric acid values, peroxide values and carbonyl contents compared to the RF and CI treatments (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Notably, SI did not significantly improve water-holding capacity, and cold shortening with reduced tenderness was observed in some samples. Furthermore, SI achieved a reduction in energy consumption of approximately 24.7 % and 80.1 % compared to the RF and CI, respectively. These results suggest that slurry ice, particularly at -2.5 °C, may serve as an energy-efficient chilling and preservation technology for chilled beef, extending shelf life and improving quality retention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 127-137"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A metro train air conditioning system fault diagnosis method based on explainable artificial intelligence: Considering interpretability and generalization","authors":"Minhui Jiang,&nbsp;Huanxin Chen,&nbsp;Chuang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the existing air conditioning system fault diagnosis methods adopt black box models, which lack transparency and interpretability. Given the high-speed, enclosed nature of metro train environments, the requirements for trust and safety in metro train air conditioning fault diagnosis models are even more stringent than those for building. Therefore, this paper presents an interpretable and generalized method for fault diagnosis of metro train air-conditioning system. The importance of features is analyzed a priori, and the XGBoost-Shapely Additional Explanations (XGBoost-SHAP) method is used to explain the single fault diagnosis model. Then the trained single fault model is utilized to predict the simultaneous fault data, obtaining score values for various labels, and a binary classification model is established to differentiate single/simultaneous faults. Additionally, the model's generalization ability is improved by screening generalization features based on the geometric difference across operating conditions. The results show that the features with high contribution to three types of single faults are evaporator outlet enthalpy, condenser outlet air temperature and air flow rate. The scores of various tags for simultaneous faults differ from those for single faults, which is beneficial to the identification of suspicious simultaneous faults. After screening the generalized features, when the number of features is less than 10, the generalization performance of the model across operating conditions is better than other cases. Specifically, the average accuracy increases by 5.84 %, 8.38 %, and the average false alarm rate decreases by 10.22 %, 11.26 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 47-59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation and classification optimization design of ultra-low temperature heat exchangers in dilution refrigerator using local thermal nonequilibrium model","authors":"Yian Lu ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Ya'nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Danyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dilution refrigeration is widely used in a variety of cutting-edge scientific fields such as quantum computations. The ultra-low temperature heat exchangers play a crucial role for the ultimate performance of dilution refrigerator. To study the classification optimization design of ultra-low temperature heat exchangers, an integrated local thermal nonequilibrium model have used. By considering the ultra-low temperature heat exchangers as an integrated unit consisting of a number of interconnected sub-modules, an optimized design study of the geometrical parameter configurations of continuous heat exchanger, three-stage step heat exchanger, and connecting tubes has been carried out. Using the optimized configuration for continuous heat exchanger with a length of 19 m, an inner tube diameter of 10 mm, and an outer tube diameter of 15 mm at a molar flow rate of 1.5 <span><math><mrow><mrow><mspace></mspace><mtext>mmol</mtext></mrow><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></mrow></math></span>, the classification optimization of step heat exchanger is carried out. By adjusting the ratio of the sintered volume to the whole sintered volume (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.15</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.3</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.55</mn></mrow></math></span>) and the ratio of concentrated heat transfer area to the total heat transfer area of this stage (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.35</mn></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.4</mn></mrow></math></span> and <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.45</mn></mrow></math></span>), the heat transfer efficiency of the three-stage step heat exchanger can be further improved without additional resources. And the impact of length and diameter of connecting tubes has also been discussed in this paper. This study provides quantitative guidance for the design of ultra-low temperature heat exchangers, which is important for improving the overall performance of dilution refrigerators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulation research on the effect of magnetic field uniformity on a single-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator","authors":"Zhuo Chen ,&nbsp;Jun Shen ,&nbsp;Ya'nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenshuai Zheng ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Li ,&nbsp;Jun Liu ,&nbsp;Long Yang ,&nbsp;Yian Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR) are being widely used in space exploration projects and frontier scientific research fields. During the design process of ADR, the assumption of a uniform magnetic field is often used to determine the amount of magnetocaloric material and to predict the cooling capacity. However, the actual magnetic field produced by a superconducting magnet is usually non-uniform, and the non-uniformity inside the salt pill results in reduced cooling capacity. To investigate the impact of magnetic field non-uniformity on the performance of an ADR system by changing the length of the salt pill, a simulation model that incorporates both the superconducting magnet and salt pill is established. The model is verified by experiment with cooling power of 0.76 mW@1 K. Performance of the ADR with different cooling powers, different working temperatures and different pre-cooling temperatures are compared and analyzed. When the maximum magnetic flux density is 4 T, the cooling power is 0.7 mW, the initial temperature is 2.68 K and the working temperature is 1 K, the largest net cooling capacity of 5.39 J can be achieved corresponding to the length ratio of 1.1.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 23-33"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143561985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the flame retarding mechanism of HFC-134a on hydrocarbon refrigerants","authors":"Rui Zhai ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhuang ,&nbsp;Bin Ye ,&nbsp;Xiangnong Liu ,&nbsp;Qingqing Li ,&nbsp;Lei Tang ,&nbsp;Ke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrocarbons (HCs) are ideal candidates for the long-term environmentally friendly refrigerants due to their excellent advantages in environmental protection and energy efficiency. But the flammability properties limit their wide application. To address it, this study focused on the inhibition mechanism of HFC-134a on the combustion processes of hydrocarbon refrigerants (HC-50, HC-170, HC-290 and HC-600a). A kinetic model of HCs/HFC-134a combustion was established to compared the effects of HFC-134a on the adiabatic flame temperature, laminar burning velocity, key species and radical reactions. The results showed that the addition of HFC-134a significantly reduced the adiabatic flame temperatures and laminar burning velocities of hydrocarbons. The concentration analysis of products and rate of production (ROP) revealed that HFC-134a promoted the productions of flame retarding groups CF, CF₂, CF₃, and CHF, while consumed the concentrations of flammable radicals H, O, and OH. Furthermore, sensitivity and reaction path analysis proved the suppressing actions of HFC-134a. It was concluded that HFC-134a not only changed the reaction paths and sensitivity coefficients, but also transformed the promotion path into inhibitory path in combustion. These effects achieved effective inhibition on the combustion processes of HCs. The results of this paper not only supported the safe application of hydrocarbon refrigerants, but also provided new ideas for the development of new efficient flame retardants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"174 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}