International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献

Essential improvement of the JT cryocooler working at liquid helium temperature for space: Efficient and lightweight 对在液氦温度下工作的 JT 低温冷却器进行了重要改进：高效、轻巧

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.006

引用次数: 0

Simulation of an operation of nested Halbach cylinder arrays in regenerative magnetic cooling cycles: The way to maximum thermal span 模拟嵌套式哈尔巴赫圆筒阵列在再生磁冷却循环中的运行：实现最大热跨度的途径

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.09.001

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Experimental study and correlation of critical parameters for three binary mixtures containing R290 and hydrofluoroolefins 含 R290 和氢氟烯烃的三种二元混合物临界参数的实验研究和相关性

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.025

{"title":"Experimental study and correlation of critical parameters for three binary mixtures containing R290 and hydrofluoroolefins","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mixtures of R290 (propane) and R1234yf (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene), R1243zf (3,3,3-trifluoropropene), or R1234ze(E) (<em>trans</em>-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene) could be potential alternatives for high global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). Obtaining the critical parameters of mixtures is crucial for establishing thermodynamic models, evaluating the highest operating temperature of refrigerants, determining the phase envelope, and confirming the starting point of the Widom line. However, few studies have been made on their critical properties. In this work, the critical properties of three binary systems containing R290 + R1234yf / R1243zf / R1234ze(E) are obtained experimentally with a metal-bellows volume apparatus. The critical state is judged by direct visual observation of critical opalescence and the recurrence of the vapor-liquid phase interface. The extended total uncertainties for the mole fraction, critical pressure, critical temperature, and critical density were below 0.004, 21 kPa, 50 mK, and 0.6 % (<em>k</em> = 2, 0.95 confidence coefficient), respectively. Experimentally obtained critical data are correlated by the Modified Wilson method and the Redlich–Kister method. The critical parameters of the R290 + R1234yf, R290 + R1243zf, and R290 + R1234ze(E) mixtures are predicted using the Correlated Modified Wilson (CMW) method, He et al.’s method, and the Modified Extended Chueh–Prausnitz (MECP) method. The correlated curve and predicted outcomes are employed for comparison with this work's experimental results. Meanwhile, the critical parameters data obtained experimentally are contrasted with the value of REFPROP 10.0 and other open literature. The fitting and prediction curves somewhat agree with the experimental results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling energy consumption in a Paris supermarket to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions using EnergyPlus 利用 EnergyPlus 建立巴黎一家超市的能源消耗模型，以减少能源使用和温室气体排放

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.023

{"title":"Modelling energy consumption in a Paris supermarket to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions using EnergyPlus","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New refrigeration system configurations and other innovating technologies in retail supermarkets need to be considered to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. In supermarkets, there is a strong interaction between the refrigerated display cases, supermarket structure, internal machinery, customers, and the store's HVAC system. The impact of these interactions on the energy and carbon emissions of a medium sized supermarket in Paris was modelled using EnergyPlus™. The results were calibrated against a typical UK store and validated against the Paris store. The effects of applying the technologies identified to have the greatest potential to reduce carbon emissions (changing the refrigerant to R-744, switching from gas to electrical heating and adding doors to chilled cabinets) were modelled. The impact of climate change on ambient temperature and the impact of changes to the grid conversion factor were predicted for the store in Paris from 2020 to 2050.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700724002974/pdfft?md5=d0e1864a13f4c67b65063647156a0451&pid=1-s2.0-S0140700724002974-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142232671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High potency of application on an open direct-contact thermal storage using humid air 利用潮湿空气对开放式直接接触蓄热器进行高效应用

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.019

{"title":"High potency of application on an open direct-contact thermal storage using humid air","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To reuse low-temperature wasted heat as a thermal resource for high temperature, a direct-contact adsorption thermal storage was focused using humid air and zeolite 13X particles as the working fluid and adsorbent, respectively. Only a few previous studies have chosen the working fluid in gaseous form because it is unavailable for latent heat in generating heat sources. Recovering waste heat in humid air to generate hotter steam is unique and becomes an originality of our present work. The time required to regenerate zeolite particles and the maximum temperature of the generated steam were investigated assuming a warm-up device for a vehicle. The time required to regenerate zeolite was investigated by changing the dew point, temperature, and superficial velocity of the inlet humid air. It was mainly affected by the temperature of the inlet air. The absorbent was regenerated within 30 min when the humid air preheated to 200 °C was supplied. On the other hand, the maximum steam temperature was investigated by changing the superficial velocity and temperature of saturated inlet humid air. As one of the significant and novel finding in this work, the steam of >200 °C was obtained as a high-temperature heat source even with saturated humid air unavailable latent heat. Moreover, as theoretical knowledge, it was revealed that the maximum temperature of the heat source can be estimated by the relationship between the heat balance on the packed bed and adsorption equilibrium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theoretical study and experimental verification of the viscosities of azeotropic refrigerant R515B 共沸制冷剂 R515B 粘度的理论研究和实验验证

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.012

{"title":"Theoretical study and experimental verification of the viscosities of azeotropic refrigerant R515B","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One essential aspect of the studies on the refrigeration and heat pump technology is to search for new alternative working fluids. Meanwhile, the azeotropic mixtures of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)/hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) have attracted researchers not only in fundamentals research field but also in the industry fields due to its good performance and applicability. Therefore, to promote application research, this study is focused on the characteristics of viscosity for azeotrope R515B, which is widely recognized and studied from the thermodynamic aspect. Hence, the high-pressure density and viscosity in liquid phase of R515B were measured with a vibrating-wire viscosimeter within the temperature range in 253 K to 363 K when pressure changes from 1 MPa to 12 MPa. The combined expended uncertainties with a confidence level of 0.95 (<em>k</em> = 2) of density and viscosity are 0.2 % and 2 %, respectively. In addition, a modified viscosity model is proposed with combining the parameterization method of thermodynamic equation of state (EoS) in previous work and the modified entropy variable as well as reduced viscosity reference term of residual entropy scaling (RES) theory. Furthermore, the systematical comparison results among this model and three benchmark viscosity models available illustrate that the RES model proposed in this research is robust and precise in a wide range of operation condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142240066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

1D models of an active magnetic regeneration cycle for cryogenic applications 低温应用中主动磁再生循环的一维模型

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.011

{"title":"1D models of an active magnetic regeneration cycle for cryogenic applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In investigation of an active magnetic regenerator (AMR) cycle operating at room temperatures, 1D models have been extensively used to accurately computing its performance metrics. However, extending these models to simulate an AMR cycle at cryogenic temperatures introduces inherent complexities and challenges. The broad temperature span and low operating temperatures required for cryogenic applications, such as hydrogen liquefaction, lead to significant density variations of the working fluid within the AMR that cannot be overlooked. In this work, two 1D AMR models assuming a compressible working fluid operating at cryogenic temperatures are demonstrated which address the large density variations and the numerical stiffness of the equations. The models exhibit good agreement with experimental and 2D numerical results of an AMR configuration designed for hydrogen liquefaction. A comparative study is conducted between the developed models and an incompressible AMR model at cryogenic temperatures shows that the incompressible model predicts cooling powers that are higher by a factor of up to 10 at high values of utilization, highlighting the error of assuming an incompressible fluid on estimating the performance metrics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142039620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simplifying bidisperse pore diffusion model for adsorbent felt 简化吸附剂毡的双分散孔隙扩散模型

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.009

引用次数: 0

Simulation study of a novel phase change cooling garment for electricians in a high-temperature environment 高温环境下电工用新型相变冷却服装的模拟研究

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.013

{"title":"Simulation study of a novel phase change cooling garment for electricians in a high-temperature environment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To mitigate the effects of heat stress on electricians during outdoor activities such as inspection, circuit repair, and daily maintenance in high-temperature environments, a novel design for a portable, efficient, and ergonomic phase change cooling garment is presented. First, the optimal phase change material is selected considering economic and environmental factors. Then, based on the heat balance equation of the human body and Fourier's law, the required phase change material mass and the optimal thickness of the retarded heat-absorbing layer are obtained and verified by numerical simulations and experiments. The results indicate that in a high-temperature environment of 38 °C for 2 h, electricians require 2.39 kg of phase change material. To meet the protective duration requirements of electricians' daily tasks, the optimal thickness of the phase change material is 8 mm, and the optimal thickness of the slow-release heat absorption layer is 3 mm. The results of this study have significant implications for the safety and protection of electricians in high-temperature environments. It aims to provide theoretical guidance for the design and innovation of personal cooling garments for electricians.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142239277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A high efficiency rooftop air conditioning system using multi-speed compressors 使用多速压缩机的高效屋顶空调系统

IF 3.5 2区工程技术

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.024

{"title":"A high efficiency rooftop air conditioning system using multi-speed compressors","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study delineates a meticulous exploration of technologies to enhance the energy efficiency of rooftop air conditioning units, employing the DOE/ORNL heat pump design model for comprehensive engineering design and optimization. A baseline rooftop air conditioning unit, featuring a 13 ton (45.7 kW) cooling capacity and a 17.9 integrated energy efficiency ratio, served as the point of departure for substantive efficiency enhancements. Key modifications included the consolidation of two refrigerant circuits into one, integrating three parallel 2-stage (dual-speed) compressors, fan replacements with high-efficiency substitutes. Notably, a lower global warming potential refrigerant, R452B, was evaluated as a substitute for R-410A, demonstrating better performance in the lab prototype. The achieved measured integrated energy efficiency ratio of 21.4 in the lab prototype surpassed the baseline integrated energy efficiency ratio. Comparative evaluations between R410A and R452B indicated heightened efficiency with the latter, showcasing a lab-demonstrated integrated energy efficiency ratio of 22.4 at the rated capacity of 13.8 ton (48.5 kW) and 23.9 integrated energy efficiency ratio at the rated capacity of 10 ton (35.2 kW). This research underscores the successful development of a rigorous, energy efficient rooftop air conditioning unit prototype with noteworthy environmental and economic implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0