{"title":"Assessment of refrigerant emissions from air conditioners in Brazil","authors":"Conrado Augustus De Melo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2025.07.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refrigerant fluids have a high global warming potential and consequently contributes to maintaining high levels of radiative forcing into the atmosphere. This paper aims to present knowledge regarding the conditions of refrigerant emissions from leakage and disposal of air conditioners in the Brazilian household sector. There is a significant grow in the ownership of air conditioners and it represents an increase in emissions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that are used in air conditioners that operate in the country. A methodological approach is developed and applied to estimate the current emissions and to simulate scenarios where each refrigerant and its respective global warming potential is accounted. Additionally, the impacts of the Kigali amendment and the current regulations are assessed. The main finding is that the ratification of the Kigali amendment should reduce the refrigerant emissions from 2.8 million tons of CO<sub>2e</sub> in 2024 to 1.2 million tons of CO<sub>2e</sub> in 2050. Moreover, is also verified the need of further developments in promoting training, certifications and regulations in order to promote a more effective reverse logistic to recover and recycle refrigerants in servicing and disposal of air conditioners. New surveys and scientific researches also are recommended to tackle the lack of data and statistics related to refrigerants leakage in Brazil and to provide innovative solutions to minimize this source of emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":"178 ","pages":"Pages 280-288"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700725002804","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Refrigerant fluids have a high global warming potential and consequently contributes to maintaining high levels of radiative forcing into the atmosphere. This paper aims to present knowledge regarding the conditions of refrigerant emissions from leakage and disposal of air conditioners in the Brazilian household sector. There is a significant grow in the ownership of air conditioners and it represents an increase in emissions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) that are used in air conditioners that operate in the country. A methodological approach is developed and applied to estimate the current emissions and to simulate scenarios where each refrigerant and its respective global warming potential is accounted. Additionally, the impacts of the Kigali amendment and the current regulations are assessed. The main finding is that the ratification of the Kigali amendment should reduce the refrigerant emissions from 2.8 million tons of CO2e in 2024 to 1.2 million tons of CO2e in 2050. Moreover, is also verified the need of further developments in promoting training, certifications and regulations in order to promote a more effective reverse logistic to recover and recycle refrigerants in servicing and disposal of air conditioners. New surveys and scientific researches also are recommended to tackle the lack of data and statistics related to refrigerants leakage in Brazil and to provide innovative solutions to minimize this source of emissions.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling.
As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews.
Papers are published in either English or French with the IIR news section in both languages.