A. Sangwongwanich, Yanfeng Shen, A. Chub, E. Liivik, D. Vinnikov, Huai Wang, F. Blaabjerg
{"title":"Mission Profile-based Accelerated Testing of DC-link Capacitors in Photovoltaic Inverters","authors":"A. Sangwongwanich, Yanfeng Shen, A. Chub, E. Liivik, D. Vinnikov, Huai Wang, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721794","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721794","url":null,"abstract":"The dc-link capacitor is considered as a weak component in Photovoltaic (PV) inverter system and its reliability needs to be evaluated and tested during the product development. Conventional reliability testing methods do not consider the real operating conditions (e.g., mission profile) of the dc-link capacitor during the test. Therefore, the validation of the reliability performance of the dc-link capacitor under its mission profile is still a challenge. To address this issue, a new reliability testing concept for the dc-link capacitor in PV inverters is proposed in this paper. In contrast to the conventional method, the proposed reliability testing method realizes the test profile through the modification of the original mission profile (e.g., solar irradiance and ambient temperature) in order to maintain the test condition as close to the real application as possible. A certain acceleration factor is applied to the solar irradiance amplitude and the ambient temperature level during the mission profile modification in order to increase the thermal stress of the dc-link capacitor during test, and thereby effectively reduce the testing time. The results show that the testing time can be reduced to 2.5 % of the real field operation lifetime, if the solar irradiance amplitude is increased by 20 % and the ambient temperature is elevated to 75 °C.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129938532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Failure-Tolerant Three-phase RTRUs for More Electric Aircrafts","authors":"Akshay Singh, Ayan Mallik, A. Khaligh","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722048","url":null,"abstract":"The increased adoption of more electric aircrafts has been spurred by the development of onboard converters with high-efficiency and high gravimetric power density. Taking the example of a modular Regulated Transformer Rectifier Unit (RTRU) using GaN switches, this paper provides a comprehensive comparison of two possible design pathways for efficient conversion with higher power density – (i) high-frequency cascaded two-stage AC-DC conversion, and (ii) single-stage AC-DC conversion at a relatively lower frequency. The detailed system modeling and design methodology for the two converter topologies are laid out. As one of the key contributions of this work, a direct comparison of the two converter concepts based on achievable volumetric and gravimetric power densities and efficiencies has been presented. Using the developed model framework, an extensive analysis is done to gain greater insight into the effect of key design parameters on efficiency and power density. As a proof-of-concept, experimental results are presented to validate the theoretical predictions.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123782105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. K, A. Rathore, D. Srinivasan, José R. Rodríguez
{"title":"Fundamental Switching Frequency Pulse Width Modulation of Nine-Level Current-fed Multilevel Converter for Solar Application","authors":"G. K, A. Rathore, D. Srinivasan, José R. Rodríguez","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722260","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to develop a real-time computational method that determines switching angles of selective harmonic elimination (SHE) for operating nine-level (9L) current-fed multilevel converter(MLC). The computation algorithm for SHE conventionally requires huge calculation time to identify switching angles of the inverter and hence a truth table based modulation is applied for operating the converter in real-time. To overcome this, a new analytical method has been proposed in this paper that minimizes the computation time to calculate the switching angles. However, these switching angles cannot be directly applied to current-fed MLCs. Unlike voltage fed converters, the current-fed converters have additional operational constraints on the modulation technique. Hence in this paper, a conversion technique has been utilized to convert the un-constraint SHE angles into constraint angles in order to operate current-fed MLCs. A low power prototype of 9L current source inverter has been set-up to experiment and validate the proposed real-time calculation method at the fundamental frequency of 50Hz.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117110221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamran Ali Khan Niazi, Yongheng Yang, H. Khan, D. Sera
{"title":"Performance Benchmark of Bypassing Techniques for Photovoltaic Modules","authors":"Kamran Ali Khan Niazi, Yongheng Yang, H. Khan, D. Sera","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722259","url":null,"abstract":"The deployment of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems is increasing. The performance degradation of PV systems can happen, which is potentially induced by partial shading, also referred to as mismatch faults. Conventional PV modules are connected in series and are sensitive to mismatch faults. Bypass methods and other solutions are thus used to reduce the mismatch effect. This paper compares the performances of the bypassing techniques using traditional (Schottky) bypassing diodes with smart bypassing diodes (SBD). The benchmarking results show that the SBD can be employed to improve the performance during shading in PV systems. More specifically, the use of SBDs with series-connected MOSFETs leads to a reduction of the reverse voltage with a higher output power under various shading conditions, when compared to the case with traditional bypassing diodes. The reduction in the reserve voltage contributes to lowered temperature in shaded cells, and thus increases the reliability of the PV modules.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130509121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jian Ye, H. Gooi, Xinan Zhang, Benfei Wang, U. Manandhar
{"title":"Two-Level Algorithm for UPQC Considering Power Electronic Converters and Transformers","authors":"Jian Ye, H. Gooi, Xinan Zhang, Benfei Wang, U. Manandhar","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722007","url":null,"abstract":"The optimal sizing of the unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) system has been investigated in this paper. The optimal VA ratings of the transformer and series/shunt converter of the UPQC system are designed by a two-level algorithm. The UPQC-P and UPQC-VAmin based systems are chosen as the benchmarks in this paper. Furthermore, the displacement angle control (DAC) is utilized to minimize the overall VA loading of the power converters for all operational points. Finally, the corresponding controllers are developed for the designed systems.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130686593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael Halamíček, T. McRae, N. Vukadinović, A. Prodic
{"title":"Modulation Scheme for an Effective Increase in the Number of Levels of DC-DC Multi-Level Flying Capacitor Converters","authors":"Michael Halamíček, T. McRae, N. Vukadinović, A. Prodic","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722325","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a novel modulation scheme for dc-dc multi-level flying capacitor buck converters that effectively increases the number of converter levels. It is shown that, in general, an N-level flying capacitor converter can be split simultaneously into an $frac{{N + 2}}{2}$ and an $frac{{N + 3}}{2}$ level flying capacitor converter. This modulation scheme creates unequal differences between the flying capacitor voltages which can be used to reduce the voltage swing at the switching node and thus the size of the inductor. The voltage swing becomes equivalent to an $frac{{{N^2} + 3}}{4}$ level converter for some conversion ratios. Additionally, this modulation scheme has passive flying capacitor voltage balancing, simplifying controller design. A 5-level flying capacitor converter was modulated to create a 3,4-level converter with the effective voltage swing of a 7-level converter. The functionality of this modulation scheme was confirmed with a 24V-to-9V, 45W 5-level buck converter confirming a 35% reduction in the inductor ripple and, thus, allowing for the equivalent inductor reduction.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115480051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Forced Air-cooled, 140kHz, 20kW SiC MOSFET based Vienna PFC","authors":"Siyuan Chen, Wensong Yu, Dennis Meyer","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721979","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a forced air-cooled, 140kHz, 20kW SiC MOSFET based Vienna power factor rectifier (PFC) is presented. Compared with Si device, the wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor device allows to increase the switching frequency and reduce the volume of passive components. The modulation scheme of T-type converter is implemented in Vienna PFC to reduce the switching loss and improve efficiency to 98.5%. Power semiconductor device losses are calculated for thermal design. The new phase-change thermal material and AlN thermal interface are used to decrease the thermal impedance. For EMI filter design, a feedback damping resistor is added to common-mode loop to improve the phase margin and stability. Experimental results verify the design concepts and high efficiency.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"89 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120844134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A non-isolated high step-up hybrid resonant converter based on hybrid transformer","authors":"Wenhao Xie, Yifei Zheng, Shouxian Li, Jianze Wang, Yanchao Ji, Jilai Yu","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721927","url":null,"abstract":"A non-isolated high step-up hybrid resonant converter based on hybrid transformer is proposed to recycle leakage energy without any auxiliary clamp capacitor. A resonant capacitor delivers energy from input to output, which reduces the stored inductive energy of the hybrid transformer. Thus, a small size of magnetic core is adopted with high magnetic utilization. Additionally, the input current ripple is reduced due to the resonant operation. Moreover, zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn-on for upper switch and zero current switching (ZCS) turn-on for lower switch are realized to decrease the switching losses. In addition, the output diode turns OFF in ZCS operation, which alleviates the diode reverse recovery problem. Finally, the experimental results of a 240W prototype verified the converter feasibility.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"59 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126768801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A 48-to-12 V Cascaded Resonant Switched-Capacitor Converter for Data Centers with 99% Peak Efficiency and 2500 W/in3 Power Density","authors":"Zichao Ye, Y. Lei, R. Pilawa-Podgurski","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8721812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721812","url":null,"abstract":"Resonant switched-capacitor (ReSC) converters are promising alternatives for conventional SC and magnetic-based converters, with the potential to achieve simultaneously higher efficiency and higher power density. Since ReSC converters operate in resonant mode, zero current switching (ZCS) occurs naturally and the V-I overlap switching loss is eliminated. To further reduce the switching loss (transistor Coss loss) and improve the light-load efficiency, zero voltage switching (ZVS) is desired. In this work, a ZVS control technique is implemented on a cascaded resonant based intermediate bus converter for 48-to-12 V data center power delivery, on a 720 W hardware prototype. The efficiency is maintained above 97% starting from 3% of the rated load, and has a peak of 99% (including gate drive loss). In addition, the prototype has a very high power density of 2500 W/in3.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128250734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In Depth Analysis of Driving Loss and Driving Power Supply Structure for SiC MOSFETs","authors":"Xuning Zhang, G. Sheh, I. Ji, Sujit Banerjee","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2019.8722272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8722272","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the driving loss for SiC MOSFETs in real applications to help designer determined the power rating of proper gate driving power supplies and select proper gate resistors with enough power rating. A detailed loss estimation method is provided based on the datasheet information. Results verifies that the total driving loss power is determined by driving voltage, device total gate charge and switching frequency. The driving loss distribution analysis with the consideration of the nonlinearity of device gate capacitance is presented which indicates that the loss on turn on and turn off resistors is different, and the loss distribution is related with device working conditions. The power supply implementation for negative voltage driving is also discussed. If two separate voltage sources provide the driving power, each of them must provide real power to drive device gate. If only one voltage source provides the total driving power, a voltage divider circuit or voltage regulate circuit is needed only to provide voltage reference, there is no current through the divider or regulator. No real power is needed from the divider or regulator circuit. Experimental test results are provided to verify all the analysis.","PeriodicalId":142409,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}