International Journal of Phytoremediation最新文献

{"title":"HYDRO-FILTER: an experimental pilot integrating phytoremediation and adsorption for sustainable wastewater treatment.","authors":"Karima Seddiki, Rim Werheni Ammeri, Abdelhak Maazouzi, Mebarka Daoudi, Ahmed Kattab, Najla Sadfi Zouaoui","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In arid regions facing severe water scarcity, phytoremediation coupled with efficient treatment and reuse of non-conventional water resources is vital for sustainable development and environmental preservation. This study evaluates the PV-Hydro Filter, an integrated technology that synergizes mechanical filtration, chemical adsorption, and phytoremediation. The system utilizes a multi-layered sand and coal residue filter as a primary stage, followed by a secondary hydroponic phytoremediation unit featuring two plant species <i>Cyperus papyrus</i> and <i>Nerium oleander</i>. To evaluate the efficiency of this multi-stage system, comprehensive physical, chemical, and microbiological analyses were performed on water samples, alongside physiological assessments of the plants and seed germination assays. Results demonstrate that this dual-treatment approach is highly effective, achieving removal rates of 79% for nitrates, 87% for nitrites, and 85% for phosphates, while simultaneously reducing the organic load with biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand removal between 75% and 85%. Microbiological analysis confirmed the system's superior disinfection capacity, achieving a total elimination of <i>Escherichia coli</i> in the final stage. Plant physiological assessments revealed high adaptation to the wastewater environment. While <i>C. papyrus</i> exhibited higher chlorophyll a levels, N. oleander showed a substantially higher concentration of chlorophyll b at 59.02 mg. g^-1 and higher total chlorophyll concentrations, indicating robust photosynthetic health. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity of the treated water was validated through seed germination tests, where experimental groups irrigated with treated effluent showed a superior germination rate of 100% compared to the 73.3% observed in the control group, confirming the water's safety and nutrient-rich quality for irrigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148968794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From ecological threats to environmental solutions: a critical review of invasive plant species for heavy metal phytoremediation.","authors":"Rasheed Akbar, Jibiao Fan, Amir Abdullah Khan, Kashif Ahmad, Jianfan Sun, Babar Iqbal","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heavy metal contamination represents a persistent environmental challenge threatening ecosystem stability, agricultural productivity, and human health. Therefore, the development of sustainable and cost-effective remediation strategies is essential. Phytoremediation, an environmentally compatible approach that utilizes plants and their associated biological processes to reduce contaminant mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity, has gained increasing attention as an alternative to conventional remediation techniques. Among potential phytoremediation candidates, invasive plant species (IPS) have attracted interest due to their rapid growth, high biomass production, extensive root systems, physiological plasticity, and tolerance to stressful environments, including heavy metal contamination. Species such as <i>Alternanthera philoxeroides</i>, <i>Arundo donax</i>, <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i>, and <i>Pistia stratiotes</i> have demonstrated potential for metal uptake, accumulation, immobilization, or tolerance in contaminated ecosystems. This review critically examines the role of invasive plants in heavy metal phytoremediation by evaluating the physiological, biochemical, and ecological traits that influence remediation outcomes. Key mechanisms, including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, rhizosphere-mediated processes, and plant-microbe interactions, are discussed using evidence from contaminated soil and aquatic environments. The potential advantages of invasive plants, particularly their high biomass production and environmental adaptability, are evaluated alongside ecological concerns associated with their utilization. Importantly, invasion success does not necessarily translate into remediation success, and the effectiveness of invasive plants depends on contaminant characteristics, ecosystem conditions, and management practices. Major challenges, including uncontrolled spread, ecosystem disruption, contaminated biomass management, and limited field-scale validation, are critically assessed. Overall, invasive plants represent context-dependent remediation resources rather than universal solutions. Their application requires integrated risk assessment, containment strategies, long-term monitoring, and evidence-based management frameworks to maximize remediation benefits while minimizing ecological risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation of sewage water by microalga <i>Graesiella emersonii</i> for sewage-fed aquaculture in East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site in India.","authors":"Santhana Kumar Vanniaraj, Soma Das Sarkar, Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar, Rumali Sahoo, Snehasis Dalal, Anjon Kumar Talukder, Arka Mondal, Srikanta Samanta, Archana Sinha, Basanta Kumar Das","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased nutrient load from industrial and domestic sewage has led to eutrophication and the gradual deterioration of East Kolkata wetland (EKW) fisheries. Thus, the present study investigated the nutrient removal efficiency and physiological responses of <i>Graesiella emersonii</i> MN877773, a native chlorophyte strain, cultivated in EKW sewage water. Microalgae inoculated in different sewage and lab grade water dilutions (50:50, 60:40, 80:20, and 100%). Physico-chemical characterization revealed elevated nutrient and organic loads in raw sewage, with progressive improvement in water quality following 60:40 dilution. <i>G. emersonii</i> demonstrated efficient removal of nitrate (up to 41.5%), ammonium (91.73%), and COD (54.2%) within 3-6 days of cultivation. The 60:40 dilution exhibited the highest algal growth rate (μ = 0.65 day^-1), cell viability and chlorophyll-a concentration, accompanied by balanced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD, CAT, GST, and Gt) and low malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Principal component analysis indicated a strong association between antioxidant defence and nutrient removal. Post-cultivation analysis of sewage water showed reduced ionic load and COD, along with increased DO, indicating improved water quality for sewage-fed aquaculture. A separate experiment on sewage dilution with rain water (60:40) showed nutrient removal efficiency similar to lab grade water, highlights the potential for field applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148955408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Constructed wetlands for petroleum refinery wastewater treatment: a state-of-the-art review.","authors":"Katia Ghezali","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Constructed wetland systems provide an economically viable and sustainable approach compared to the traditional technologies for the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons contaminated wastewater, an important issue for the oil industry worldwide. This paper collects the last decade of research on the effectiveness of CWs for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs), and other noxious pollutant removal through natural degradation bioprocess, phytoextraction, and phytoimmobilization. Through the investigation of different designs (horizontal and vertical flow systems), operational parameters (pH, hydraulic retention time and temperature), and plant-microbe interactions, research has led to the identification of the optimal conditions for hydrocarbon removal. Key findings reveal that more than 90% elimination of pollutants such as benzene, TPHs, and PAHs occurs <i>via</i> CWs when supported by hydrocarbon-degrading microbial consortia including <i>Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Rhodococcus</i>, and <i>Mycobacterium</i> acting in synergy with native macrophytes. However, several challenges remain, including the incomplete degradation of high molecular weight PAHs, the presence of co-contaminants, and the impacts of climate change on system performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the synergistic remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by micro-nano bubbles-ryegrass enhanced system.","authors":"Lixin Sun, Min Feng, Yijun Ran, Huanhuan Zhai, Yazheng Ren, Xian Zhou, Shaohua Ju","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated industrial soils often fails to achieve desired outcomes due to limited metal accumulation capacity and low plant biomass. To overcome these limitations, we developed a synergistic micro-nano bubbles (MNBs)-ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L.) remediation system. MNBs supply reactive oxygen species to mobilize heavy metals, thereby optimizing the rhizosphere microenvironment. The results demonstrated that MNBs treatment significantly stimulated both aboveground growth and biomass accumulation in ryegrass. Under high-polluted condition, the shoot length and dry weight increased by 41% and 88%, respectively, compared to the control group, accompanied by a 43% reduction in the root-to-shoot ratio. Under low-polluted condition, MNBs enhanced the plant content of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cu by 1.9-, 1.9-, 1.2- and 1.2-fold, respectively, reducing the soil residual rates of Cr, Zn, and Cu to below 30%. Furthermore, principal component and correlation analyses revealed that soil heavy metal retention was positively correlated with total dissolved solids (TDSs), and these parameters inversely affected ryegrass growth. Membership evaluation showed the MNBs-treated group scored 0.83, much higher than the control group's 0.17 under metal stress. Ultimately, the synergistic MNBs-ryegrass system emerges as a highly efficient and promising strategy for the practical remediation of industrial soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calcium nanoparticle-assisted phytostabilisation of toxic metals enhances soil-dependent improvements in the nutritional and safety profile of <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i>.","authors":"Saheed O Basiru, Luqmon Azeez, Adebanjo J Anifowose, Tesleem O Kolawole, Adefunke Oyinlola, Abayomi A Oladejo, Hassan K Busari, Daud I Azeez, Harun K Aremu","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the efficacy of calcium nanoparticles (CaNPs) in mitigating heavy metal (HM) toxicity and enhancing the nutritional quality of <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i> grown in soils from the Osun riverbank (RB) and Ido-Osun dumpsite (DS). Cultivation included control treatments (RB-C, DS-C), foliar application (RB-T1, DS-T1), soil application (RB-T2, DS-T2), and combined soil-foliar application (RB-T3, DS-T3) at 75 mg L^-1 CaNPs. DS soil exhibited 4.93-fold higher pollution than RB, with lead (Pb) predominant. CaNP applications significantly enhanced biomass and antioxidant activity while promoting phytostabilisation (translocation factor <1). Notably, shoot Pb concentration decreased from 11.10 to 2.202 mg kg-1 in DS following soil application, and the translocation of Fe, Cu, and Cr was effectively restricted. CaNP treatment also enhanced antioxidant activity and nutritional quality. The human health risk assessments revealed that CaNPs effectively reduced the hazard index (HI) of RB from an unsafe 1.618 to below the safety threshold (HI < 1), rendering them safe for human consumption. Despite a notable HI reduction in DS vegetables, residual Pb levels exceeded safe limits (HI >1), posing persistent non-carcinogenic health risks upon ingestion. Thus, while CaNPs effectively remediate RB soils, hyper-polluted DS environments require further optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytoremediation of untreated wastewater using wetland plants: implications for water quality improvement and sustainable lettuce production.","authors":"Hawar Halshoy, Zhino Khalid Mohammed, Chinur Hadi Mahmood, Kanyaw Mohammed Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wastewater reuse in agriculture enhances nutrient availability, potentially increasing the risk of heavy-metal contamination. Phytoremediation using wetland plants such as <i>Phragmites australis</i> and <i>Typha latifolia</i> provides a sustainable approach to treating contaminated water. This study evaluated the effects of irrigation with untreated wastewater (UWW) and phytoremediation-treated water (PTW) on soil properties, elemental composition, and the growth, yield, and biochemical traits of lettuce plants. The constructed wetland system significantly improved water quality, reducing key parameters such as BOD₅, COD, nutrients, suspended solids, and heavy metals, and lowering the Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) from 119 (poor) to 53 (moderate), confirming a marked improvement in irrigation suitability. UWW irrigation increased soil fertility and enhanced plant growth due to its high nutrient content but it also elevated concentrations of potentially toxic elements (Cu, Pb, Cd, and Cr) and salinity levels. PTW significantly reduced contaminant loads while maintaining adequate nutrient availability. Lettuce irrigated with UWW showed increased biomass and pigment content, but also higher oxidative stress indicators. Conversely, PTW-treated plants exhibited improved root dry matter, higher ascorbic acid content, and a more balanced elemental profile. Overall, PTW reduced contamination risks, improved soil quality, and produced safer lettuce than irrigation with untreated wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling competitive adsorption dynamics: engineered <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> biochar for preferential retention of Pb(II) and Cd(II) in multimetallic systems.","authors":"Fatima Charboub, Abdallah Albourine, Hamid Zouggari, Mohamed Laabd, Lahcen Bazzi, Rajae Lakhmiri, Pow-Seng Yap, Zhonghao Chen, Mohammed Bazzaoui, Idriss Bakas, Rachid Ait Akbour","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2729110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2729110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proliferation of heavy metal contamination necessitates sustainable, cost-effective remediation strategies capable of discriminating between toxic co-existing cations in complex matrices. This study presents the first systematic investigation employing phosphoric acid-modified <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> leaf biochar (EC-biochar) for the simultaneous and selective removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from competitive multicomponent systems a critical advancement beyond conventional single-metal studies. Characterization analyses confirmed a hierarchically porous architecture (SEM), semi-crystalline structure (crystallinity index ∼35%), and abundant oxygenated surface functional groups. Maximum adsorption capacities in monocomponent systems reached 17.90 mg g^-1 for Pb(II) and 18.35 mg g^-1 for Cd(II) under optimal conditions (pH 4.5, 25 °C, 120 min contact time, 1 g L^-1 adsorbent dose). Notably, although Cd(II) exhibited marginally higher capacity in single-metal solutions, competitive experiments revealed preferential affinity for Pb(II) over Cd(II) in binary and multimetallic matrices, with significant interference from co-existing Zn(II), Cu(II), and electrolytes (NaCl and NaClO₄). The extent of competitive suppression was rigorously quantified using the steady-state adsorption capacity ratio (<i>q</i>'<i>_e</i>/<i>q_e</i>), where <i>q_e</i> represents the equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg g^-1) in single-component systems and <i>q</i>'<i>_e</i> denotes the corresponding equilibrium capacity (mg g^-1) obtained under competitive multicomponent conditions. While the competitive Langmuir model adequately described Pb(II) removal, it poorly fitted Cd(II) adsorption isotherms suggesting that Cd(II) exhibits non-ideal competitive behavior involving heterogeneous site interactions or multi-layer formation, consistent with its softer Lewis acid characteristics and explaining its inferior performance relative to Pb(II) in mixed systems. Thermodynamic analysis confirmed spontaneous, endothermic adsorption processes. Mechanistic studies identified hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, π-π interactions, and inner-sphere surface complexation as primary removal pathways. These findings demonstrate that EC-biochar is a promising eco-friendly adsorbent for the selective retention of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from complex wastewater matrices.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of selected indigenous plants for dairy effluent treatment through a phytoremediation approach.","authors":"Madhusudhan M S, Chowdegowda H C, Dhanu N, Timothy Lalhruaizela, Disha M K, Bharath Kumar M P","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2724999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2724999","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Process Sewage generated from the dairy processing industry authorities includes high ranges of organic material, suspended solids, nutrients and dissolved solids and can cause adverse impacts to receiving water. The present study aimed at checking the efficiency of native aquatic plants for the bioconversion of dairy wastewater on both laboratory and pilot-scale. Laboratory-scale treatment system have been set up with Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) and Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) with a HRT of 15 days and the performances were assessed by following the parameters such as pH, turbidity, TDS, BOD, and COD. The loads of each wastewater were observed at initial BOD and COD concentrations of 800-1300 mg/L and 1700-2999 mg/L, respectively. Macrophytes performance on treatment efficiency was the highest for Eichhornia crassipes followed by Egeria densa for reduction of BOD, followed by Hippostegon couchii followed by Salvinia molesta on the COD reduction, and up to 58.5% by Eichhornia crassipes on reducing TDS values after 15 days of treatment. The present results show that the phytoremediation process is an effective method for enhancing the physicochemical properties of the dairy wastewater and is a cost-effective, pollution-free, and ecological treatment process for small scale dairy industries and rural communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytogenic cobalt nanoparticles from <i>Cyperus scariosus</i>: a promising antibacterial and antioxidant nanotherapeutic platform and as a photocatalytic agent.","authors":"Maria Kanwal, Muhammad Sher, Arooj Fatima, Sher Ullah, Azhar Abbas, Amal Alotaibi, Riaz Ullah","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2026.2725000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2026.2725000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the green synthesis of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) using <i>Cyperus scariosus</i> root extract and evaluates their photocatalytic, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. CoNPs were synthesized by reacting cobalt nitrate with the plant extract and characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). UV-Vis analysis showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 270 nm, confirming nanoparticle formation. XRD revealed a face-centered cubic (FCC) crystalline structure with an average crystallite size of 18.9 nm, while TEM confirmed spherical particles ranging from 3.21 ± 0.71 nm. The photocatalytic activity of CoNPs was assessed against methylene blue dye under UV light, achieving 98% degradation within 40 min. Kinetic analysis indicated a first-order reaction with a rate constant of 0.12 min^-1. Antibacterial studies using the disk diffusion method showed inhibition zones of 32 mm against Listeria monocytogenes and 30.5 mm against <i>Escherichia coli</i>. MIC values were 64 ± 1.2 µg/mL for L. monocytogenes and 32 ± 1.0 µg/mL for <i>Bordetella bronchiseptica</i>. Antioxidant assays demonstrated strong activity, with a DPPH IC₅₀ of 12.6 µg/mL and a FRAP value of 123.6 µmol Fe²⁺/g, highlighting the potential of CoNPs for environmental and biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148911912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}