International Journal of Phytoremediation最新文献

{"title":"Biochar and hydroxyapatite enhance both phytoextraction and phytostabilization of a heavily Cd-polluted soil using sweet sorghum.","authors":"Shuai Li, Dongliang Zhang, Yumei Wang, Jihua Wu, Guoli Shi, Yuhua Zhang, Fayuan Wang","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2532754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2532754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sweet sorghum has a high tolerance to toxic metals, but its response to soil amendments in Cd-polluted soils remains underexplored. Here, we compared the effects of biochar and hydroxyapatite (HAP) at different doses (0, 0.5%, and 1%, w/w) on the growth, mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and phytoremediation efficiency of sweet sorghum grown in an agricultural soil heavily polluted by Cd (20.80 mg/kg). In most cases, both amendments greatly increased plant biomass and nutrient uptake of N, P, and K, and enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes (peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) in leaves. They also increased soil pH and reduced soil available Cd concentrations, confirming their liming effects and immobilization of Cd. Unexpectedly, both HAP and biochar significantly increased Cd concentration and uptake in the shoots and roots, contradicting prior findings. Shoot Cd uptake was increased by 96% and 57% by 0.5% and 1% biochar, respectively. Root Cd uptake was increased by 50% and 64% by 1% HAP and 0.5% biochar, respectively. Overall, both HAP and biochar improved sweet sorghum growth and mitigated Cd toxicity, and particularly, decreased soil Cd availability while enhancing shoot and root Cd accumulation, indicating a promising strategy for the phytoextraction and phytostabilization of Cd-polluted soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from water by sugarcane bagasse: explanation of the possible adsorption mechanism by theoretical calculations.","authors":"Rebecca López-Márquez, Hugo Saldarriaga-Noreña, Cercis Morera-Boado, Dalia Lizeth Cobarrubias-Escamilla, Arquímidez Tolentino-Rojas, María Luisa García-Betancourt","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2530025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2530025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to remove a mixture of the EPA's 16 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using sugarcane bagasse as an adsorbent. Initially, the bagasse fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy for elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). The highest loading capacity was observed for PAHs with two to three aromatic rings. Meanwhile, the highest removal percentages occurred at the highest concentration level in a contact time of approximately 40 min. Adsorption equilibrium data fitted well to the Temkin and Elovich isotherm models, suggesting a multilayer chemical adsorption process. Additionally, Density Functional Theory (DFT) revealed that the primary adsorption mechanisms of PAHs onto bagasse were driven by van der Waals forces, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bond interactions, with lignin facilitating adsorption through its encapsulating behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144674717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical analysis in <i>Berkheya zeyheri</i>: a South African nickel hyperaccumulator.","authors":"Su-Ané Greyling, Letitia Pillay","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2532748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2532748","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Berkheya zeyheri</i>, a South African Ni-hyperaccumulator, was chemically characterized using plants from two serpentine outcrops in Barberton, South Africa. Analysis of the serpentine soil for total and bioavailable metals (Cr, Mn, Fe and Ni) revealed that majority of the HMs present are bound to silicate material and therefore unavailable for uptake. In particular, only 17 - 33% of Ni is bioavailable. In the plant, Ni concentrations were in the range 9,240 - 12,860 mg kg^-1 in leaves dry weight (d.w), the primary site for Ni-hyperaccumulation. A range of relevant organic and amino acids were quantified with chelidonic acid (8,430 - 12,598 mg kg^-1) and malic acid (4,343 - 6,323 mg kg^-1) identified as the organic acids with the highest concentration in the leaves, potentially associating them with Ni uptake. Additionally, malic acid and citric acid (4,343 - 14,332 mg kg^-1) are likely involved in the uptake, transport and storage process of Ni as they are conventionally associated with uptake in other hyperaccumulators. The plants contain elevated concentrations of aspartic acid and proline likely due to antioxidant activities and abiotic stresses. The study identified the potential role players in Ni uptake mechanisms and highlights the complexity of Ni-hyperaccumulation in plants. <i>B. zeyheri,</i> has been understudied as a potential phytoremediator and no significant research has been reported to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological responses to cesium and strontium in <i>Triticum durum</i> and <i>Triticum aestivum</i> grown in Moroccan soil.","authors":"Ayyoub Ammar, Zineb El Mouridi, Asmae Nouira, Said Boughribil","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2530745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2530745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the uptake, translocation, and physiological effects of cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) on <i>Triticum durum</i> (Nachit) and <i>Triticum aestivum</i> (Ibtissam) grown in Moroccan soil. Controlled experiments quantified Cs and Sr concentrations in root and shoot tissues and assessed their effects on growth, chlorophyll content, biomass, and transfer factors. Results showed distinct uptake patterns between species, with <i>T. durum</i> exhibiting greater tolerance to Cs and Sr stress than <i>T. aestivum</i>. Increasing Cs and Sr concentrations significantly reduced growth. In <i>T. aestivum</i>, shoot length declined by 44% and root length by 52% at 1000 ppm Cs. Leaf number and chlorophyll content, measured as SPAD values, dropped by 35%. Fresh and dry biomass of both species declined by about 55%, with <i>T. aestivum</i> showing higher sensitivity. Transfer factor analysis (TF) indicated greater Cs and Sr accumulation in roots than shoots. Notably, the Sr TF in <i>T. durum</i> roots reached 0.6 at 100 ppm, suggesting enhanced uptake efficiency. These findings improve understanding of Cs and Sr behavior in wheat, highlight species-specific stress responses, and provide valuable data for managing contamination in agricultural systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> for phytostabilization of mercury-polluted soils: from seed germination to plant growth.","authors":"Alisson de Carli Souza, Inácio Macutai Jala, João José Marques, Jaqueline Pereira Januario, Raquel Maria de Oliveira Pires, Deivisson Ferreira da Silva, Olívia Bibiana Souza Dias, Jaco Vangronsveld, Adélia Aziz Alexandre Pozza, Flávio Henrique Silveira Rabêlo","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2531560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2531560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As soil pollution by mercury (Hg) is a serious socio-environmental problem, we assessed the ability of <i>Brachiaria decumbens</i> Stapf. (Syn. <i>Urochloa decumbens</i>) cv. Basilisk to germinate and grow under high Hg exposure. Germination tests were conducted in germination boxes for 21 days, while the long-term effects of Hg on the growth of <i>B. decumbens</i> were evaluated after cultivating plants for 150 days in pots containing Hg-polluted soil. Seed germination decreased with increasing Hg exposure. However, more than 50% of the seeds still germinated under very high Hg exposure (86.4 mg L^-1). We postulate that malate dehydrogenase and esterase (important in generating energy and mobilizing seed reserves), as well as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase (mitigating cellular Hg-induced oxidative stress) considerably contribute to this. Plant growth was severely restricted at a Hg concentration of 86.4 mg kg^-1, ultimately leading to plant death. At lower Hg concentrations, <i>B. decumbens</i> stored most of the Hg in its roots, with limited translocation to the shoots. Nevertheless, photosynthesis was impaired, although nutrient content was generally not significantly affected by Hg exposure. Overall, our findings suggest that <i>B. decumbens</i> can be used for the revegetation of Hg-polluted soils with Hg concentrations of up to 43.2 mg kg^-1.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting antioxidant pathways for improved tolerance to chromium exposure.","authors":"Sabeeha Bashir, Showkat Ahmad Bhat, Rayees Ahmad Rather, Umer Majeed Wani, Vaseem Raja, Riffat John","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2527324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2527324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advancement in functional genomics, it is now possible to engineer plants for heavy metal tolerance by altering the expression of proteins and genes involved in heavy metal stress resistance. The present study was carried out to evaluate the tomato transgenic plants overexpressing the genes associated with ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, namely, <i>APX</i> (ascorbate peroxidase), <i>MDHAR</i> (mono-dehydroascorbate reductase), <i>DHAR</i> (dehydroascorbate reductase), <i>GR</i> (glutathione reductase), and <i>SOD</i> (superoxide dismutase) for the response to chromium stress (Cr). Transgenic tomato plants with altered antioxidant pathway had higher levels of carotenoids (41.64%) and anthocyanins (34.60%) besides improved photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and stomatal conductance compared to untransformed wild type (WT) when supplied with potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇) at a concentration of 100 µM. Moreover, transgenic tomato showed increased osmolytes and phenolic concentrations with a simultaneous reduction in electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Transcript analysis indicated higher expression of all the transgenes, whereas scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed lesser deformities in transgenic plants in response to Cr stress. Transgenic lines accumulated higher Cr in leaves (68%) and roots (56.89%) compared to the WT under Cr stress. We conclude that overexpressing the AsA-GSH pathway in tomato makes them suitable for use as phytoremediator.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined application of biochar and PGPR alleviates Cd stress in wheat by improving antioxidant defense mechanism and crop physiology.","authors":"Zafer Alasmary, Mosaed A Majrashi, Muhammad Abdullah Aziz, Bismillah Mumtaz","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2531260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2531260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil heavy metals toxicity is an emerging threat for ecosystem and environment; therefore a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of corn stalk (CSBC) and farmyard manure biochar (FYMBC) coupled with the seed inoculation of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> (PGPR1) and <i>Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis</i> (PGPR2) strains under Cd stress on wheat production, antioxidants, osmoprotectants and soil biochemical characteristics. Overall, results of the study revealed that Cd pollution significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) reduced the plant growth by accumulating in plant tissues. However, the combined application of FYMBC+PGPR2 notably improved plant physiology and yield attributes. Moreover, wheat chlorophyll a (15.27%), b (16.39), total chlorophyll (15.96), photosynthetic rate (22.29), stomatal conductance (13.52) and transpiration rate (12.21) significantly increased under FYMBC+PGPR2 treatment. Similarly, a significant improvement was also observed in plant osmoprotectants and antioxidants activity, whilst Cd uptake in roots and shoots decreased up to 39.37 and 55.32% under respectively FYMBC+PGPR2 amendment. Additionally, soil nutrients including total N (565.61), available P (42.15) and K (19.78) along with PLFA (49.78) and bacterial CUE (63%) also showed efficiency under the integrated application of FYMBC+PGPR2. Inclusively, these findings provide a sustainable solution for the bioremediation of Cd in agricultural soil by improving soil and plant health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of farmyard manure compost and biochar in the amelioration of soil fertility and crop productivity under drought stress conditions.","authors":"Maria Niaz, Muhammad Nadeem, Abdulaziz G Alghamdi","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2529975","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2529975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drought stress is a leading environmental concern which restricts plant growth and nutrients availability. A greenhouse pot experiment was designed to examine the impact of farmyard manure-based biochar (FMB) and compost (FMC) on soybean osmoprotectants, antioxidants, nutrient uptake, and soil biochemical characteristics under three different moisture levels of w100, 75, and w50. Results of the study revealed that drought stress significantly reduced plant's physiochemical and gaseous exchange attributes whilst combine treatment of FMB30 + FMC30 substantially improved soybean root growth, leaf area index, total chlorophyll content, and stomatal conductance by 37.41, 19.55, 32.59, and 27.61%, respectively, at W50 moisture level. Additionally, leave relative water content also boosted up to 18.62% at W50 moisture under FMB30 + FMC30 treatment. Additionally, leaves catalase, peroxide and superoxidase dismutase notably decreased up to 49.15, 41.64, and 76% respectively under the co-amendment of FMB and FMC. Moreover, soil MBC (22%), MBN (124%), MBP (97%), NO₃-N (167%), NH₄-N (158%), Olsen P (54%), K (23), and SOC (7.51%) increased remarkably under FMB30 + FMC30 treatment at w50 drought level. Overall, these results indicate that biochar and compost both are crucial amendments particularly in semi-arid and arid regions to get better crop yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144618074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exogenous jasmonic acid on growth and physiological indices of alfalfa under chromium stress.","authors":"Changfeng Liu, Huaixin Wu, Ye Wang, Xinmei Song, Chunyun Jia","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2527936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2527936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soil contamination by heavy metals is increasingly severe, particularly in eastern Inner Mongolia, China, where chromite mining has resulted in significant environmental issues due to heavy metal residues. Alfalfa, a common forage crop in the region, is considered an effective crop for remediating heavy metal contamination. However, the effectiveness of alfalfa alone in this context is limited. Jasmonic acid (JA), as a major phytohormone, plays an important role in regulating various physiological processes in plants; therefore, in this study, JA was added to remediate chromium contamination synergistically with alfalfa. The objective of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of JA in combination with alfalfa for the remediation of Cr contamination. Specifically, the functional role of JA in modulating alfalfa growth and physiological responses under different Cr concentrations (1, 10, and 30 mg/L) was elucidated. JA application significantly reduced Cr accumulation in alfalfa seedlings by 49.70-87.37%, with mitigation efficacy dependent on Cr stress intensity: at 1 mg/L Cr, (0.1-1 μM) JA reduced the inhibitory effects on roots and stems by 74.86% and 270.91%, respectively. At 10 mg/L Cr, (0.5-1 μM) JA inhibited oxidative damage and reduced the levels of H₂O₂ and O₂^- by 61.19% and 14.91%, respectively. For 30 mg/L Cr, 0.5 μM JA maximized total chlorophyll synthesis (2.03-fold increase) and root cell viability (36.76%) while reducing MDA accumulation by 48.27%. Cluster analysis indicated that JA concentrations between 0.1-1 μM were most effective in alleviating 1 mg/L Cr stress, while 0.5-1 μM JA optimally mitigated the effects under 10 mg/L Cr stress, and 0.5 μM JA was most beneficial under 30 mg/L Cr stress. JA was found to be essential for maintaining normal metabolic functions and alleviating Cr-induced damage in alfalfa. This study highlights the potential of jasmonic acid as an effective agent for mitigating chromium stress in alfalfa and advances the understanding of its role in plant stress physiology. These findings provide valuable insights for improving crop resilience in heavy metal-contaminated environments. Future research should focus on the broader application of JA in different plant species and under different environmental stress conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of 2,4-D and fipronil by green manure species: an ecotoxicological assessment of soil phytoremediation.","authors":"Allan Pretti Ogura, Mariana Amaral Dias, Giovana Spinelli Negro, Mayara Caroline Felipe, Aline Christine Bernegossi, Gleyson Borges Castro, Cassiana Carolina Montagner, Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Espíndola","doi":"10.1080/15226514.2025.2529965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2025.2529965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pesticides such as 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and fipronil pose potential risks in agricultural soils, and phytoremediation is a promising alternative to mitigate their ecotoxicity. In this study, the potential of three green manure species, <i>Canavalia ensiformis</i>, <i>Dolichos lablab</i>, and <i>Mucuna pruriens</i>, was assessed in terms of their ability to reduce soil ecotoxicity by examining the uptake of 2,4-D and fipronil, both individually and in a mixture. The experiments were performed with 20 µg kg^-1 of each pesticide, lasting 30 days, and the contaminants were quantified in soil and plant biomass (shoots and roots). However, the plants did not significantly reduce pesticide concentrations, and only fipronil residues were detected in plant biomass. Elutriate samples (1 soil: 4 water) were prepared with soil samples after the exposure period, and their ecotoxicity was evaluated using tests with the cladocerans <i>Ceriodaphnia silvestrii</i>, <i>Ceriodaphnia dubia</i>, and <i>Daphnia similis</i>, the larvae of the insect <i>Chironomus sancticaroli</i>, and the germination of <i>Eruca sativa</i>. Bioindicators were sensitive when exposed to elutriate samples, particularly <i>E. sativa</i> to 2,4-D, while the other species to fipronil. While the phytoremediation potential was limited, the uptake of fipronil indicates the possibility for further improvement in soil remediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14235,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144591217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}