Liang Chen, Pengxiao Hu, Xinhua Hong, Bin Li, Yifan Ping, ShuoMin Chen, Tianle Jiang, Haofu Jiang, Yixin Mao, Yang Chen, Zhongchen Song, Zhou Ye, Xiaoyu Sun, Shufan Zhao, Shengbin Huang
{"title":"Dimethyl fumarate modulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization to ameliorate periodontal destruction by increasing TUFM-mediated mitophagy","authors":"Liang Chen, Pengxiao Hu, Xinhua Hong, Bin Li, Yifan Ping, ShuoMin Chen, Tianle Jiang, Haofu Jiang, Yixin Mao, Yang Chen, Zhongchen Song, Zhou Ye, Xiaoyu Sun, Shufan Zhao, Shengbin Huang","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00360-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00360-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Periodontitis is a common oral disease characterized by progressive alveolar bone resorption and inflammation of the periodontal tissues. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been used in the treatment of various immune-inflammatory diseases due to its excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. Here, we investigated for the first time the therapeutic effect of DMF on periodontitis. In vivo studies showed that DMF significantly inhibited periodontal destruction, enhanced mitophagy, and decreased the M1/M2 macrophage ratio. In vitro studies showed that DMF inhibited macrophage polarization toward M1 macrophages and promoted polarization toward M2 macrophages, with improved mitochondrial function, inhibited oxidative stress, and increased mitophagy in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, DMF increased intracellular mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM) levels to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, promoted mitophagy, and modulated macrophage polarization, whereas TUFM knockdown decreased the protective effect of DMF. Finally, mechanistic studies showed that DMF increased intracellular TUFM levels by protecting TUFM from degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation pathway. Our results demonstrate for the first time that DMF protects mitochondrial function and inhibits oxidative stress through TUFM-mediated mitophagy in macrophages, resulting in a shift in the balance of macrophage polarization, thereby attenuating periodontitis. Importantly, this study provides new insights into the prevention of periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Feilong Ren, Shize Zheng, Huanyu Luo, Xiaoyi Yu, Xianjing Li, Shaoyi Song, Wenhuan Bu, Hongchen Sun
{"title":"Fibroblast derived C3 promotes the progression of experimental periodontitis through macrophage M1 polarization and osteoclast differentiation","authors":"Feilong Ren, Shize Zheng, Huanyu Luo, Xiaoyi Yu, Xianjing Li, Shaoyi Song, Wenhuan Bu, Hongchen Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00361-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00361-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Complement C3 plays a critical role in periodontitis. However, its source, role and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In our study, by analyzing single-cell sequencing data from mouse model of periodontitis, we identified that C3 is primarily derived from periodontal fibroblasts. Subsequently, we demonstrated that C3a has a detrimental effect in ligature-induced periodontitis. <i>C3ar</i><sup><i>−/−</i></sup> mice exhibited significantly less destruction of periodontal support tissues compared to wild-type mice, characterized by mild gingival tissue damage and reduced alveolar bone loss. This reduction was associated with decreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators and reduced osteoclast infiltration in the periodontal tissues. Mechanistic studies suggested that C3a could promote macrophage polarization and osteoclast differentiation. Finally, by analyzing single-cell sequencing data from the periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis, we found that the results observed in mice were consistent with human data. Therefore, our findings clearly demonstrate the destructive role of fibroblast-derived C3 in ligature-induced periodontitis, driven by macrophage M1 polarization and osteoclast differentiation. These data strongly support the feasibility of C3a-targeted interventions for the treatment of human periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiping Wang, Li Wang, Linxi Zhou, Lu Chen, Jiayi Shi, Jing Ge, Sha Tian, Zihan Yang, Yuqiong Zhou, Qihao Yu, Jiacheng Jin, Chen Ding, Yihuai Pan, Duohong Zou
{"title":"NUP62 alleviates senescence and promotes the stemness of human dental pulp stem cells via NSD2-dependent epigenetic reprogramming","authors":"Xiping Wang, Li Wang, Linxi Zhou, Lu Chen, Jiayi Shi, Jing Ge, Sha Tian, Zihan Yang, Yuqiong Zhou, Qihao Yu, Jiacheng Jin, Chen Ding, Yihuai Pan, Duohong Zou","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00362-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00362-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Stem cells play a crucial role in maintaining tissue regenerative capacity and homeostasis. However, mechanisms associated with stem cell senescence require further investigation. In this study, we conducted a proteomic analysis of human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) obtained from individuals of various ages. Our findings showed that the expression of NUP62 was decreased in aged HDPSCs. We discovered that NUP62 alleviated senescence-associated phenotypes and enhanced differentiation potential both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, the knocking down of NUP62 expression aggravated the senescence-associated phenotypes and impaired the proliferation and migration capacity of HDPSCs. Through RNA-sequence and decoding the epigenomic landscapes remodeled induced by NUP62 overexpression, we found that NUP62 helps alleviate senescence in HDPSCs by enhancing the nuclear transport of the transcription factor E2F1. This, in turn, stimulates the transcription of the epigenetic enzyme NSD2. Finally, the overexpression of NUP62 influences the H3K36me2 and H3K36me3 modifications of anti-aging genes (HMGA1, HMGA2, and SIRT6). Our results demonstrated that NUP62 regulates the fate of HDPSCs via NSD2-dependent epigenetic reprogramming.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shengjie Cui, Yanning Guo, Yu Fu, Ting Zhang, Jieni Zhang, Yehua Gan, Yanheng Zhou, Yan Gu, Eileen Gentleman, Yan Liu, Xuedong Wang
{"title":"Inflammation-related collagen fibril destruction contributes to temporomandibular joint disc displacement via NF-κB activation","authors":"Shengjie Cui, Yanning Guo, Yu Fu, Ting Zhang, Jieni Zhang, Yehua Gan, Yanheng Zhou, Yan Gu, Eileen Gentleman, Yan Liu, Xuedong Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00352-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00352-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement is one of the most significant subtypes of temporomandibular joint disorders, but its etiology and mechanism are poorly understood. In this study, we elucidated the mechanisms by which destruction of inflamed collagen fibrils induces alterations in the mechanical properties and positioning of the TMJ disc. By constructing a rat model of TMJ arthritis, we observed anteriorly dislocated TMJ discs with aggravated deformity in vivo from five weeks to six months after a local injection of Freund’s complete adjuvant. By mimicking inflammatory conditions with interleukin-1 beta in vitro, we observed enhanced expression of collagen-synthesis markers in primary TMJ disc cells cultured in a conventional two-dimensional environment. In contrast, three-dimensional (3D)-cultivated disc cell sheets demonstrated the disordered assembly of inflamed collagen fibrils, inappropriate arrangement, and decreased Young’s modulus. Mechanistically, inflammation-related activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway occurs during the progression of TMJ arthritis. NF-κB inhibition reduced the collagen fibril destruction in the inflamed disc cell sheets in vitro, and early NF-κB blockade alleviated collagen degeneration and dislocation of the TMJ discs in vivo. Therefore, the NF-κB pathway participates in the collagen remodeling in inflamed TMJ discs, offering a potential therapeutic target for disc displacement.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143841301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Linzhou Zhang, Hao Lin, Jiajie Liang, Xuanhao Liu, Chenxi Zhang, Qiwen Man, Ruifang Li, Yi Zhao, Bing Liu
{"title":"Programmed death-ligand 1 regulates ameloblastoma growth and recurrence","authors":"Linzhou Zhang, Hao Lin, Jiajie Liang, Xuanhao Liu, Chenxi Zhang, Qiwen Man, Ruifang Li, Yi Zhao, Bing Liu","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00364-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00364-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tumor cell-intrinsic programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signals mediate tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, but their effects in ameloblastoma (AM) have not been reported. In this comprehensive study, we observed marked upregulation of PD-L1 in AM tissues and revealed the robust correlation between elevated PD-L1 expression and increased tumor growth and recurrence rates. Notably, we found that PD-L1 overexpression markedly increased self-renewal capacity and promoted tumorigenic processes and invasion in hTERT<sup>+</sup>-AM cells, whereas genetic ablation of PD-L1 exerted opposing inhibitory effects. By performing high-resolution single-cell profiling and thorough immunohistochemical analyses in AM patients, we delineated the intricate cellular landscape and elucidated the mechanisms underlying the aggressive phenotype and unfavorable prognosis of these tumors. Our findings revealed that hTERT<sup>+</sup>-AM cells with upregulated PD-L1 expression exhibit increased proliferative potential and stem-like attributes and undergo partial epithelial‒mesenchymal transition. This phenotypic shift is induced by the activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis; thus, this study revealed a crucial regulatory mechanism that fuels tumor growth and recurrence. Importantly, targeted inhibition of the PD-L1-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling axis significantly suppressed the growth of AM patient-derived tumor organoids, highlighting the potential of PD-L1 blockade as a promising therapeutic approach for AM.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenjie Zhong, Chenchen Zhou, Yuanyuan Yin, Ge Feng, Zhihe Zhao, Yaping Pan, Yuxing Bai, Zuolin Jin, Yan Xu, Bing Fang, Yi Liu, Hong He, Faming Chen, Weiran Li, Shaohua Ge, Ang Li, Yi Ding, Lili Chen, Fuhua Yan, Jinlin Song
{"title":"Expert consensus on orthodontic treatment of patients with periodontal disease","authors":"Wenjie Zhong, Chenchen Zhou, Yuanyuan Yin, Ge Feng, Zhihe Zhao, Yaping Pan, Yuxing Bai, Zuolin Jin, Yan Xu, Bing Fang, Yi Liu, Hong He, Faming Chen, Weiran Li, Shaohua Ge, Ang Li, Yi Ding, Lili Chen, Fuhua Yan, Jinlin Song","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00356-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00356-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Patients with periodontal disease often require combined periodontal-orthodontic interventions to restore periodontal health, function, and aesthetics, ensuring both patient satisfaction and long-term stability. Managing these patients involving orthodontic tooth movement can be particularly challenging due to compromised periodontal soft and hard tissues, especially in severe cases. Therefore, close collaboration between orthodontists and periodontists for comprehensive diagnosis and sequential treatment, along with diligent patient compliance throughout the entire process, is crucial for achieving favorable treatment outcomes. Moreover, long-term orthodontic retention and periodontal follow-up are essential to sustain treatment success. This expert consensus, informed by the latest clinical research and practical experience, addresses clinical considerations for orthodontic treatment of periodontal patients, delineating indications, objectives, procedures, and principles with the aim of providing clear and practical guidance for clinical practitioners.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring the mechanical and biological interplay in the periodontal ligament","authors":"Xinyu Wen, Fang Pei, Ying Jin, Zhihe Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00354-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00354-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The periodontal ligament (PDL) plays a crucial role in transmitting and dispersing occlusal force, acting as mechanoreceptor for muscle activity during chewing, as well as mediating orthodontic tooth movement. It transforms mechanical stimuli into biological signals, influencing alveolar bone remodeling. Recent research has delved deeper into the biological and mechanical aspects of PDL, emphasizing the importance of understanding its structure and mechanical properties comprehensively. This review focuses on the latest findings concerning both macro- and micro- structural aspects of the PDL, highlighting its mechanical characteristics and factors that influence them. Moreover, it explores the mechanotransduction mechanisms of PDL cells under mechanical forces. Structure-mechanics-mechanotransduction interplay in PDL has been integrated ultimately. By providing an up-to-date overview of our understanding on PDL at various scales, this study lays the foundation for further exploration into PDL-related biomechanics and mechanobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143758638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Zhou, Si Chen, Chenchen Zhou, Zuolin Jin, Hong He, Yuxing Bai, Weiran Li, Jun Wang, Min Hu, Yang Cao, Yuehua Liu, Bin Yan, Jiejun Shi, Jie Guo, Zhihua Li, Wensheng Ma, Yi Liu, Huang Li, Yanqin Lu, Liling Ren, Rui Zou, Linyu Xu, Jiangtian Hu, Xiuping Wu, Shuxia Cui, Lulu Xu, Xudong Wang, Songsong Zhu, Li Hu, Qingming Tang, Jinlin Song, Bing Fang, Lili Chen
{"title":"Expert consensus on early orthodontic treatment of class III malocclusion","authors":"Xin Zhou, Si Chen, Chenchen Zhou, Zuolin Jin, Hong He, Yuxing Bai, Weiran Li, Jun Wang, Min Hu, Yang Cao, Yuehua Liu, Bin Yan, Jiejun Shi, Jie Guo, Zhihua Li, Wensheng Ma, Yi Liu, Huang Li, Yanqin Lu, Liling Ren, Rui Zou, Linyu Xu, Jiangtian Hu, Xiuping Wu, Shuxia Cui, Lulu Xu, Xudong Wang, Songsong Zhu, Li Hu, Qingming Tang, Jinlin Song, Bing Fang, Lili Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00357-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00357-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The prevalence of Class III malocclusion varies among different countries and regions. The populations from Southeast Asian countries (Chinese and Malaysian) showed the highest prevalence rate of 15.8%, which can seriously affect oral function, facial appearance, and mental health. As anterior crossbite tends to worsen with growth, early orthodontic treatment can harness growth potential to normalize maxillofacial development or reduce skeletal malformation severity, thereby reducing the difficulty and shortening the treatment cycle of later-stage treatment. This is beneficial for the physical and mental growth of children. Therefore, early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion is particularly important. Determining the optimal timing for early orthodontic treatment requires a comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, dental age, and skeletal age, and can lead to better results with less effort. Currently, standardized treatment guidelines for early orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion are lacking. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the etiology, clinical manifestations, classification, and early orthodontic techniques for Class III malocclusion, along with systematic discussions on selecting early treatment plans. The purpose of this expert consensus is to standardize clinical practices and improve the treatment outcomes of Class III malocclusion through early orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zitong Lin, Chenchen Zhou, Ziyang Hu, Zuyan Zhang, Yong Cheng, Bing Fang, Hong He, Hu Wang, Gang Li, Jun Guo, Weihua Guo, Xiaobing Li, Guangning Zheng, Zhimin Li, Donglin Zeng, Yan Liu, Yuehua Liu, Min Hu, Lunguo Xia, Jihong Zhao, Yaling Song, Huang Li, Jun Ji, Jinlin Song, Lili Chen, Tiemei Wang
{"title":"Expert consensus on imaging diagnosis and analysis of early correction of childhood malocclusion","authors":"Zitong Lin, Chenchen Zhou, Ziyang Hu, Zuyan Zhang, Yong Cheng, Bing Fang, Hong He, Hu Wang, Gang Li, Jun Guo, Weihua Guo, Xiaobing Li, Guangning Zheng, Zhimin Li, Donglin Zeng, Yan Liu, Yuehua Liu, Min Hu, Lunguo Xia, Jihong Zhao, Yaling Song, Huang Li, Jun Ji, Jinlin Song, Lili Chen, Tiemei Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00351-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00351-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhichun Jin, Hao Xu, Weiye Zhao, Kejia Zhang, Shengnan Wu, Chuanjun Shu, Linlin Zhu, Yan Wang, Lin Wang, Hanwen Zhang, Bin Yan
{"title":"Macrophage ATF6 accelerates corticotomy-assisted orthodontic tooth movement through promoting Tnfα transcription","authors":"Zhichun Jin, Hao Xu, Weiye Zhao, Kejia Zhang, Shengnan Wu, Chuanjun Shu, Linlin Zhu, Yan Wang, Lin Wang, Hanwen Zhang, Bin Yan","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00359-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00359-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corticotomy is a clinical procedure to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement characterized by the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). Despite its therapeutic effects, the surgical risk and unclear mechanism hamper the clinical application. Numerous evidences support macrophages as the key immune cells during bone remodeling. Our study discovered that the monocyte-derived macrophages primarily exhibited a pro-inflammatory phenotype that dominated bone remodeling in corticotomy by CX3CR1<sup>CreERT2</sup>; R26<sup>GFP</sup> lineage tracing system. Fluorescence staining, flow cytometry analysis, and western blot determined the significantly enhanced expression of binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and emphasized the activation of sensor activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) in macrophages. Then, we verified that macrophage specific ATF6 deletion (ATF6<sup>f/f</sup>; CX3CR1<sup>CreERT2</sup> mice) decreased the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and therefore blocked the acceleration effect of corticotomy. In contrast, macrophage ATF6 overexpression exaggerated the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. In vitro experiments also proved that higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was positively correlated with higher expression of ATF6. At the mechanism level, RNA-seq and CUT&Tag analysis demonstrated that ATF6 modulated the macrophage-orchestrated inflammation through interacting with <i>Tnfα</i> promotor and augmenting its transcription. Additionally, molecular docking simulation and dual-luciferase reporter system indicated the possible binding sites outside of the traditional endoplasmic reticulum-stress response element (ERSE). Taken together, ATF6 may aggravate orthodontic bone remodeling by promoting <i>Tnfα</i> transcription in macrophages, suggesting that ATF6 may represent a promising therapeutic target for non-invasive accelerated orthodontics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}