International Journal of Oral Science最新文献

{"title":"DNA framework-based nanomedicine platform: a triple-function strategy for treating periodontitis via antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenesis-promoting activities.","authors":"Geru Zhang, Weitong Cui, Haoyan Wu, Xiaowei Liu, Liwei Huang, Yunfeng Lin, Xiaoxiao Cai","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00439-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41368-026-00439-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting oral health and is associated with long treatment duration. It is triggered by microbial plaque, which leads to localized and diffuse inflammation, ultimately causing progressive and irreversible damage to the alveolar bone and connective tissue. Therefore, early and effective treatment strategies should prioritize both antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory interventions. Herein, we report a multifunctional DNA nanodrug delivery platform based on tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), which effectively delivers curcumin and defensin to periodontal tissues. This platform exhibits a triple therapeutic effect by eliminating periodontal pathogenic bacteria, reducing inflammatory infiltration in periodontal tissues, and inhibiting bone resorption and degradation. Experimental results showed that curcumin was uniformly loaded onto the framework nucleic acid via groove binding, while defensin was anchored via chemical conjugation, forming the curcumin-defensin-tFNA (Cur-de-tFNA) complex. Due to its structural advantages, this nanodrug platform demonstrates exceptional cellular uptake efficiency and biosafety, significantly enhancing the bioavailability of curcumin and the antimicrobial activity of defensin. Moreover, as the platform degrades into nucleic acids, it presents one of the cleanest nanodrug delivery platforms currently available. As anticipated, the complex demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity, modulated the TLR4 pathway, improved the local microenvironment, promoted the expression of osteogenic proteins, and alleviated local tissue inflammation in a rat model of periodontitis, effectively reducing alveolar bone resorption. We believe that this study offers meaningful insights for multi-targeted combination therapies for periodontitis and provides new directions for the management of bacterial infection-induced local inflammation and bone resorption-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13128855/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147771084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutational signature-based classification uncovers emerging oral cancer subtypes with distinct molecular patterns.","authors":"Sophie Deneuve,Béatrice Fervers,Julia S Bruno,Emma Bach,Sergey Senkin,Gabrielle Goldman-Lévy,Christine Carreira,Israa Laklouk,Rong Hu,Liacine Bouaoun,Olivia Pérol,Bérénice Chavanel,Lingeng Lu,Taja Lozar,Tarik Gheit,Paul F Lambert,Isabelle Coste,Toufic Renno,Jiri Zavadil,François Virard","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00437-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-026-00437-4","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and infection with human papilloma virus (HPV) are well-established risk factors for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, the incidence of oral cancer, particularly in the mobile tongue, has been rising in non-smoker/non-drinker and HPV-negative patients, suggesting the emergence of a new clinical entity. To understand in molecular terms this subtype of oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas (OCSCC) with no-identified risk factor (NIRF), we analyzed the available public head and neck cancer multi-omics data. We identified mutational signatures that stratified 253 OCSCC and 94 laryngeal cancer cases, used as tobacco-only-related controls, according to their clinico-pathological characteristics. We show that tobacco, depending on the anatomical site, triggers distinct mutational processes and further demonstrate that the single-base-substitution (SBS) signature SBS16 in OCSCC is associated with tobacco smoking, reflecting the combined effects of smoking and drinking. Importantly, we identified a tongue cancer-enriched NIRF OCSCC subgroup exhibiting significantly increased endogenous clock-like mutagenesis, while another NIRF subgroup manifested with elevated apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC)-associated mutagenesis. Both NIRF OCSCC subgroups harbored specific cancer driver mutations and distinct methylation patterns, which differed from those observed in OCSCC linked to traditional HNSCC risk factors, reflecting unique molecular programs underlying disease development. Specifically, NIRF-OSCC exhibited pronounced immune evasion strategies and antimicrobial transcriptomic responses. Our study presents the first molecular and genomic characterization of the emerging NIRF OCSCC subtype likely driven by increased endogenous mutagenesis and responses to microbial insults. These findings warrant future detailed investigations into etiology and have implications for clinical management and cancer prevention.","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147738995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-cell multi-omics sequencing reveals cell-specific transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility profiles in gut microbiome metabolite butyrate-produced pain modulation.","authors":"Ran Tao,Sufang Liu,Joshua Crawford,Phillip Kramer,Steven Bender,Feng Tao","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00432-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-026-00432-9","url":null,"abstract":"Pain is the most common symptom of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, which present significant clinical challenges due to their complexity and limited treatment options. Our previous study demonstrates that gut microbiome-derived butyrate is critical for the modulation of TMJ pain. In this study, we investigated its underlying mechanisms, and we found that oral administration of tributyrin, a prodrug of butyrate, not only significantly alleviated TMJ pain but also reversed the reduction in histone acetylation in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) under the TMJ pain condition. Using single-cell multi-omics sequencing, we profiled gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the Sp5C cells at the single-cell resolution. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that TMJ pain disrupted both the expression and chromatin accessibility of Nop14, Matk, Idh3b, Ndst2, and Tomm6 across four cell types in the Sp5C, and these alterations were reversed by tributyrin treatment. Specifically, Nop14 exhibited increased chromatin accessibility at its promoter region under TMJ pain condition, and knockdown of Nop14 in the Sp5C restored histone acetylation and alleviated TMJ pain. Together, our findings reveal cell-type-specific gene regulation that underlies butyrate-mediated epigenetic regulation of TMJ pain, which suggesting that targeting gut microbiome metabolites could develop a non-opioid novel therapy for TMJ disorders.","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147702216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert consensus on the management of third molar health.","authors":"Rui Sun,Yifan Xu,Yang Wu,Jian Pan,Chenchen Zhou,Duohong Zou,Yujiang Wang,Yang Xue,Yu Cai,Nianhui Cui,Kaijin Hu,Wei Zhang,Bing Han,Qing Zhou,Songling Chen,Haikuo Tang,Liao Wang,Xing Wang,Bo Li,Zhigui Ma,Xiangliang Xu,Zhige Li,Ye Wu,Guowen Sun,Fudong Zhu,Yanping Hu,Kang Gao,Jian Zhou,Jihong Zhao","doi":"10.1038/s41368-025-00413-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-025-00413-4","url":null,"abstract":"The third molar is the most developmentally delayed of the permanent teeth and has the highest incidence of pericoronitis and odontogenic space infections. Impacted third molars significantly increase the risk of periodontitis, dental caries, and external root resorption of adjacent second molars. Third molars are associated with complex surgical procedures, and treatment decisions and clinical management of third molars in this context remain controversial. This expert consensus was generated by oral surgeons and related specialists, who synthesized the current evidence-based literature and contemporary clinical practices. This consensus addresses critical considerations: the developmental trajectory and impaction characteristics of third molars, clinical and radiographic examinations of third molars, classification of impacted third molars, adverse effects of impacted third molars on oral health, indications for extraction, preoperative preparation for impacted third molar removal, anesthetic choices for impacted third molar surgery, recommended surgical protocol for impacted third molar removal, application of implant materials in alveolar sockets, management of common severe complications in impacted third molar extraction, and functional utilization of impacted third molars. Based on a comprehensive expert deliberation, this consensus provides evidence-based clinical guidance and standardized protocols for dental practitioners in the context of third molar management and therapeutic decision-making.","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"68 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147680438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SLIT3: a novel regulator of odontogenic differentiation through Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway","authors":"Lingyu Jiang, Liu Liu, Fan Yang, Yujia Cui, Jing Xie, Dongzhe Song, Yi Fan, Dingming Huang, Jianxun Sun","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00426-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-026-00426-7","url":null,"abstract":"The odontogenic differentiation of Stem Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAP) are governed by various extracellular matrix proteins, playing a crucial role in dentin formation and regeneration. Extracellular matrix protein SLIT3, a classical axon guidance molecule, has been identified as a clastokine linking bone resorption to formation. However, its role in odontogenesis is not well-documented. Thus, our study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of SLIT3 on SCAP proliferation and differentiation. Analysis of developing mouse molars showed that while Slit3 mRNA was restricted to the dental mesenchyme, the SLIT3 protein was prominently detected on both odontoblasts and adjacent epithelial ameloblasts. Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot assays confirmed increased SLIT3 expression during SCAP odontogenic differentiation. SLIT3 siRNA knockdown and recombinant human SLIT3 (rhSLIT3) protein treatments were administered to SCAP. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assays indicated that SLIT3 promotes SCAP proliferation, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining showed increased mineralization. Odontogenic markers DMP-1 and DSPP were also modulated accordingly. Additionally, rhSLIT3 treatment enhanced p-Akt and p-GSK3β levels in SCAP, promoting β-catenin nuclear translocation. The effects of SLIT3 were negated with an Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor. Collectively, our data suggest that SLIT3 promotes SCAP proliferation and odontogenic differentiation via the Akt/GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway activation.","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"58 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The structure and function of taste G protein-coupled receptors and their implications in diseases.","authors":"Ruohan Zhai,Xihao Yong,Peihua Jiang,Marco Tizzano,Zhenhua Shao,Wei Yan,Xin Zheng","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00436-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-026-00436-5","url":null,"abstract":"Taste G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including sweet (TAS1Rs) and bitter (TAS2Rs) taste receptors, are essential for detecting nutrients and avoiding toxins, influencing dietary behavior, metabolism, and overall health. Beyond their role in taste perception, these receptors are widely expressed in extra-gustatory tissues, including the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, where they regulate innate immune responses, hormone secretion, and energy balance. Dysfunctions or polymorphisms in TAS1Rs and TAS2Rs have been linked to various diseases such as asthma, type 2 diabetes, obesity, dental caries, periodontitis, and certain cancers. The structural features of these receptors, including their ligand-binding domains and signaling pathways, are central to their diverse functions. Recent studies also highlight their potential as therapeutic targets for managing conditions like metabolic syndrome and immune-related disorders. This review provides a detailed examination of the structural and functional dynamics of TAS1Rs and TAS2Rs, emphasizing their roles in disease mechanisms and exploring therapeutic strategies. While challenges remain in structural resolution and functional characterization, advancements in molecular modeling and pharmacological approaches shed light on their clinical potential. Understanding the tissue-specific roles and molecular mechanisms of taste GPCRs can pave the way for innovative treatments targeting these receptors, offering significant promise in addressing a range of health conditions.","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147649006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OGT mediates O-GlcNAcylation of MEIS2 and affects palatal osteogenic development.","authors":"Zhongyin Zhang,Zerui Shan,Xinyu Chen,Yu Xia,Li Meng,Yuxin Zhang,Caihong Wu,Lichan Yuan,Junqing Ma","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00431-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-026-00431-w","url":null,"abstract":"Post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been gradually elucidated in congenital malformations such as cleft palate. Among them, O-GlcNAcylation as a dynamic PTM of proteins regulates various critical biological processes including transcription, translation, and cell fate determination. In this study, a substantial decline in O-linked β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels was detected within the palatine plates of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA)-induced cleft palate mice. The role of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the sole enzyme responsible for catalyzing O-GlcNAcylation, was investigated in the process of palatal development. In a zebrafish model, the loss of O-GlcNAc resulted in an elevated prevalence of cleft palate and compromised palatal bone formation. Mechanistically, O-GlcNAcylation of myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 2 (MEIS2), which is mediated by OGT, was found to maintain osteogenic homeostasis by modulating its protein stability through inhibition of ubiquitination. Notably, the serine 237 residue (Ser237) was identified as a critical site for MEIS2 O-GlcNAcylation. Together, the present study uncovers the important function of MEIS2 O-GlcNAcylation in palatal bone development and establishes a novel theoretical framework for understanding the regulatory network of palatal development. This finding may provide novel avenues for the future diagnosis and prevention of cleft palate.","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147619448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of periodontitis with reduced kidney function and albuminuria in early chronic kidney disease: a population-based study.","authors":"Christian Schmidt-Lauber,Merle Ebinghaus,Katrin Borof,Berit Lieske,Alexandre Klopp,Christina Thompson,Loujain Wees,Zambaka Dawood,Guido Heydecke,Thomas Beikler,Tobias B Huber,Ghazal Aarabi","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00435-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-026-00435-6","url":null,"abstract":"Periodontitis has been linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD) through systemic inflammation. However, evidence in early CKD remains limited. We analyzed 6 179 participants from a population-based cohort (median age 62 years; 51% women). Periodontitis was classified according to the 2017 American Academy of Periodontology / European Federation of Periodontology criteria. Kidney function was assessed by the combined creatinine- and cystatin C-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR). Associations of periodontitis stages and mean clinical attachment loss (CAL) with eGFR and uACR were examined using multivariable linear regression adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, and smoking. Mediation analyses tested indirect effects of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Prevalence of severe periodontitis increased from 14% in individuals with normal kidney function (eGFR ≥60 mL/min per 1.73 m²) to 36% in those with moderately reduced eGFR (<60 mL/min per 1.73 m²) and from 21% in individuals without albuminuria (<10 mg/g) to 32% in those with moderately increased albuminuria (29-300 mg/g). After adjustment, Stage IV periodontitis was independently associated with lower eGFR (β-1.08 mL/min per 1.73 m²; 95% CI-2.04 to -0.12) and higher Blom-transformed uACR (β 0.09; 95% CI 0.01-0.16) compared with Stage I/II. hsCRP partially mediated these associations, accounting for 35% of the association with eGFR and 10% with uACR. These findings suggest that both inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathways may link periodontitis to early CKD. Periodontitis was associated with reduced eGFR and higher uACR in early CKD. While overlapping risk factors contribute, an independent association remained, only partly explained by systemic inflammation.","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147619449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress in heterogeneity of dental mesenchymal stem cells.","authors":"Hanqi Fu, Peng Chen, Zuping Wu, Xiangwei Kong, Li Xu, Xinyi Fang, Chi Liao, Xinlei Yu, Qianming Chen, Xiaoyan Chen","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00433-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41368-026-00433-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dental tissues development involves two distinct cell lineages: mesenchymal cells (derived from the cranial neural crest) and epithelial cells (derived from oral ectoderm and pharyngeal epithelium). Emerging evidence highlights the remarkable functional heterogeneity of cranial neural crest-derived dental mesenchymal stem cells (DMSCs), exhibiting pluripotency, self-renewal, and differentiation capacities. This heterogeneity enables a single DMSC population to generate specialized subpopulations with unique roles in teeth and periodontal tissues formation. Significant progress has been made in characterizing six major types of DMSCs and two populations of closely related cells: Tooth germ progenitor cells (TGPCs) and dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs), critical during early morphogenesis; Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and apical papilla stem cells (SCAPs), pivotal for root development; Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) and alveolar bone mesenchymal stem cells (ABMSCs), essential for maintaining and regenerating mature dental tissues. A key breakthrough has unveiled the development and hierarchy of DMSCs by applying new techniques like single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). To integrate insights into the development of teeth and periodontal tissues, this review synthesizes current knowledge on both developmental heterogeneity and subpopulation heterogeneity within DMSCs and related cells. These insights not only advance fundamental understanding of the developmental mechanisms of teeth and periodontal tissues, but also establish a promising framework for achieving more efficient tissue regeneration and repair engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13049117/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expert consensus on orthodontic-associated alveolar ridge augmentation for adult patients.","authors":"Runzhi Guo, Xiaotong Li, Jianxia Hou, Yiping Huang, Bing Fang, Hong He, Zuolin Jin, Fuhua Yan, Lin Wang, Yuxing Bai, Wenjie Hu, Lili Chen, Jinlin Song, Xianglong Han, Fang Jin, Jun Wang, Min Hu, Yang Cao, Yuehua Liu, Haiping Lu, Bin Yan, Yan Xu, Wensheng Ma, Yifan Lin, Xiao Xu, Li Xu, Weiran Li","doi":"10.1038/s41368-026-00430-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41368-026-00430-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alveolar bone defects, including dehiscence and fenestration, are commonly encountered in adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment. These anatomical deficiencies increase the risk of periodontal complications and may significantly compromise orthodontic tooth movement. Alveolar bone defects can also develop during orthodontic treatment, particularly in adult patients with narrow alveolar ridges requiring excessive tooth movement. Orthodontic-associated alveolar ridge augmentation (OARA) is an effective treatment approach that provides additional bone support and facilitates tooth movement, thereby reducing the incidence of periodontal complications and accelerating and broadening the scope of movement. At present, standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols for OARA in adult patients are lacking. This expert consensus aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for OARA in adult patients. A multidisciplinary panel of 27 experts conducted a Delphi-style process incorporating a targeted literature review and three voting rounds, achieving ≥70% agreement. Twenty-nine consensus statements across seven clinical domains, including pre-OARA examination, indications, bone graft material selection, timing, surgical protocols, standard operating procedures and considerations, were established with recommendations graded according to adapted GRADE criteria. This report presents a structured clinical framework for OARA and identifies future research priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14191,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Oral Science","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}