International journal of exercise science最新文献

{"title":"Investigating the Sensitivity of Phase Angle to Eccentric Exercise of the Biceps Brachii: A Brief Report.","authors":"Lily Arledge, Angela Hillman","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026405","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phase Angle (PhA), a measure of cellular health that is collected during bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is sensitive to fluid shifts, which occur during high-intensity exercise, but its role in tracking these changes during muscular recovery is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was twofold; the first objective was to investigate the sensitivity of PhA to muscular damage following an acute bout of eccentric exercise. The second objective was to investigate the potential use of PhA in tracking muscular recovery in the 72 hours following exercise. In this study, participants performed a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) in both nondominant (EX) and dominant (CON) arms, then completed sets of 10 eccentric biceps curls at 45°•s^-1 using the EX arm. After each set, participants rested for one minute, then completed an MVIC in the EX arm to assess strength loss. This cycle continued until MVIC decreased by ≥60%. Pre-and post-exercise BIA scans measured segmental PhA and compartmental fluid in both arms. Subjective soreness and pressure-pain threshold (PPT) in the EX arm were recorded. Participants returned for three consecutive days for assessments of MVIC and BIA in both arms, and soreness and PPT in the EX arm. A 2×5 RMANOVA tested differences between EX and CON arms for impedance variables and MVIC. A 1×5 RMANOVA tested differences in PPT and visual analog scores (VAS). Significant differences were found in EX arm MVIC (p<0.001, ηp²= 0.109), extracellular water (<i>p</i><0.001, ηp²= 0.003), intracellular water (<i>p</i>=0.001, Ƞ² _p= 0.005), and total body water (<i>p</i>=0.004, ηp²= 0.001). No significant differences were observed in EX arm PhA (<i>p</i>=0.784), PPT (<i>p</i>=0.079), or soreness (<i>p</i>=0.583). While exercise produced notable strength impairments (average percent change pre-to-post protocol: -35.24%) and fluid shifts, PhA and pain measures were unaffected. Thus, based on the results of the current study, PhA may not be sensitive to or related to classic indices of muscle damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 4","pages":"4005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equation Accuracy in Structural Firefighters.","authors":"Andrew R Jagim, Olivia Iausly, Joel Luedke, Jacob Erickson, Jennifer B Fields, Annette Zapp, Drew E Gonzalez, Margaret T Jones","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026208","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It remains unclear whether predictive resting metabolic rate (RMR) equations accurately predict RMR in firefighters. The purpose of this study was to examine the accuracy of six RMR prediction equations (Cunningham, De Lorenzo, Harris-Benedict, Mifflin-St Jeor, Nelson, and Jagim) in firefighters. Male firefighters (n=26; [mean ± SD] age: 38.2 ± 7.6 y; height: 180.9 ± 6.8 cm; body mass: 92.0 ± 15.6 kg; BMI: 28.1 ± 4.4 kg· m^-2) participated in annual fitness and health evaluations including RMR determination and body composition assessment. A repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses was selected to determine mean differences between measured and predicted RMR. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the accuracy of each RMR prediction method (p<0.05) and to determine standard error of the estimate (SEE). All prediction equations significantly underestimated RMR (all, p<0.001), except the Jagim equation, which significantly overestimated RMR (p<0.001). Equations with the closest agreement to measured RMR were the Harris-Benedict (R² = 0.696, p = 0.004, root mean square prediction error (RMSE) = 314 kcals, %RMSE = 14.2%) and the DeLorenzo (R² = 0.675, p<0.001, RMSE = 242 kcals, %RMSE = 10.9%). The Nelson equation yielded the highest RMSE (412 kcals, %RMSE = 18.6%). The variance in equations ranged from an SEE = 173 kcal· d^-1 (Harris-Benedict) to an SEE = 215 kcal· d^-1 (Cunningham), accounting for 70% and 53% of the variance in RMR, respectively. RMR prediction equations underestimate the energy requirements of firefighters; thus, caution should be exercised when interpreting values.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 2","pages":"2008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Effect of Body Fat on Fat Oxidation Rates in Lean and Overweight Females When Aerobic Fitness is Controlled and Muscle Mass is Similar.","authors":"Courtney Dillard, Eric O'Neal, Matthew McAllister, Gaven Barker, Anna Huber, German Roca, Christian Price, Hunter Waldman","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026217","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fat oxidation (FATox) rates during exercise are largely determined by exercise intensity, aerobic fitness status, and body composition. FATox is proposed as a noninvasive means for assessing metabolic health in females. Overweight (OW) females rely less on fat than lean (LN) females during submaximal exercise although this remains unclear as previous studies have failed to control for aerobic fitness. This study compared FATox during submaximal exercise through indirect calorimetry between twenty female participants (N=20; mass: 63.1±9.0 kg; fat-free mass: 45.2±3.9 kg; fat mass: 17.8±6.0 kg; height: 165.0±5.7 cm; VO_2peak: 35.8±2.9 mL·kg^-1·min^-1) of a similar VO_2peak range (35±5 mL·kg^-1·min^-1), but stratified by bodyfat (BF%) into lean (LN) (N=10, ≤25 BF%) and overweight (OW) (N=10, ≥30 BF%). Participants exercised on a motorized treadmill for 3 min at 25%, 35%, 45%, and 55%, of their VO_2peak. Absolute (g·min^-1) and relative (mg·kgFFM^-1·min^-1) FATox rates were calculated from stoichiometric equations. There were no significant differences (<i>p</i>>0.05) at any stage for absolute, relative, or peak FATox rates between LN and OW females (absolute: LN: 0.30 ± 0.07 g·min^-1 vs. OW: 0.32 ± 0.06 g·min^-1). In conclusion, FATox rates during exercise were not different between LN and OW females with similar aerobic fitness levels. Coaches and practitioners can choose similar exercises that promote adherence and enjoyment while subsequently improving aerobic capacity in female participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 2","pages":"2017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health of Collegiate Athletes - An Investigation into Symptoms Associated with Low Energy Availability.","authors":"Abigail G Passy, Isabella Anes, Andrew S Perrotta","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026216","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic low energy availability (LEA) describes inadequate energy intake relative to expenditure and underlies Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs), impairing physiological health and athletic performance. This study examined relationships between both anthropometry and body composition, cardiovascular function, and sleep quality in collegiate athletes with LEA-associated symptoms. A total of 109 collegiate athletes (Males = 43, females = 66) underwent anthropometric analysis (BOD POD), resting cardiovascular assessment, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Mann-Whitney U-tests assessed sex differences in cardiovascular function, anthropometry, and sleep quality. Spearman rank correlations (ρ) evaluated associations between anthropometric indices and cardiovascular and sleep outcomes. Males exhibited greater anthropometric measures (p < 0.01) and blood pressure (p < 0.001) than females. Global PSQI scores indicated poor sleep quality in both sexes (males: 5.9 ± 2.7; females: 5.7 ± 2.4), with no significant sex differences. In females, anthropometry was positively correlated with blood pressure (p < 0.01). In males, greater anthropometric measures were positively associated with blood pressure and resting heart rate (p < 0.05). Of the population studied, 19% of males and 29% of females presented with a clinically low %BF; 49% of males and 47% of females had bradycardia; 16% of males and 55% of females had hypotension; and 67% of males and 62% of females had poor sleep quality. Symptoms associated with LEA are prevalent in male and female collegiate athletes and suggest the need for closer monitoring to ensure athletes optimal health and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 2","pages":"2016"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between ultrasound-determined characteristics of the diaphragm and respiratory function in young adults.","authors":"Chicena R Dickinson, Colton B Hart, Gordon C Smilanich, Lindsey E Merifield, Jonathan J Dickinson, Robert C Pritchett, Leonardo J D'Acquisto, Ana Paula Freire, Jared M Dickinson","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026207","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this investigation was to perform a comprehensive assessment to identify relationships between ultrasound-determined characteristics of the diaphragm (thickness and excursion) and measures of respiratory muscle strength, physical characteristics, and pulmonary function assessments in healthy young males and females. Twenty-four individuals volunteered (13M, 11F; 23±3yr; 172±9cm; 74±15kg). While lying supine, ultrasound (Terason 3300) images of the right hemidiaphragm were obtained to determine diaphragm thickness (B-mode, mid-axillary line) and diaphragm excursion (M-mode, between mid-clavicular and axillary lines, below right costal margin) during tidal breathing and at end-tidal inhalation and end-maximal inhalation. Pulmonary function was assessed via spirometry and respiratory muscle strength was determined via maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory pressures (MEP) (Cosmed Pony FX). Diaphragm thickness assessed at end exhalation, end-tidal inhalation and end-maximal inhalation were correlated with MIP (<i>r</i>=0.54, 0.45, and <i>ρ</i> =0.47, respectively, p<0.05). Diaphragm thickness at end exhalation was also correlated with estimated muscle mass (<i>r</i>=0.48, p=0.02) and forced vital capacity (<i>r</i>=0.45, p=0.03). Diaphragm excursion was not significantly correlated with any parameter. Males had greater diaphragm thickness at end exhalation compared to females (0.150±0.033 vs. 0.123±0.028 cm, p=0.05). These findings suggest that ultrasound-determined diaphragm thickness is related to respiratory muscle strength and whole-body muscle mass in healthy young adults. Future research is needed to investigate how conditions associated with whole body muscle mass change (e.g., aging, disease, resistance exercise) may contribute to changes in diaphragm thickness and inspiratory muscle strength/function, and to what degree sex may impact these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 2","pages":"2007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405677/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Phase Adaptations in Strength, Muscle Size, and Co-activation Following Resistance Training in Untrained Women.","authors":"Roberts, Jocelyn E Arnett, Dolores G Ortega, Justin S Pioske, Robert W Smith, Tyler J Neltner, Richard J Schmidt, Terry J Housh","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026705","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examined the effects of four days of training on peak torque (PT), muscle thickness (MT), and electromyographic co-activation (Co- Act). Ten untrained women (age=21.6±1.0 years) completed four days of maximal, reciprocal, concentric, isokinetic forearm extension (FE) and flexion (FF) training with six sets of 10 repetitions at 180°·s^-1. The subjects completed pre-training and post-training visits, which consisted of collecting FE and FF PT at 180°·s^-1, triceps brachii (TB) and biceps brachii (BB) MT, and FE and FF EMG Co-Act (ratio of antagonist to agonist). Separate two-way ANOVAs were used to analyze PT (Movement×Time), MT (Muscle×Time), and EMG Co-Act (Movement×Time). Individual changes from pre-training to post-training were compared to minimal difference (MD) values. For PT, a significant (<i>p</i>=0.040) main effect for Time indicated an increase from pre-training (19.53±5.45 N·m) to post-training (22.47±5.93 N·m). Ten and 20% of the subjects exhibited changes greater than the MD for FE and FF PT, respectively. There was no interaction (<i>p</i>=0.743) or main effect of Time (<i>p</i>=0.106) for MT. There was a decrease (<i>p</i>=0.011) in FF EMG Co-Act (-7.78%), whereas FE EMG Co-Act (+2.32%) did not change (<i>p</i>=0.598). Zero subjects exhibited changes greater than the MD for FF EMG Co-Act. The mean increases in PT were likely due to neural adaptations since there were no changes in MT. Although a mean decrease in FF EMG Co-Act suggested it may have contributed to mean increases in FF PT, none of the subjects expressed \"real\" changes (change values greater than the MD) in FF EMG Co-Act.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 7","pages":"7005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405670/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148678607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Obesity on Endothelial Function Following Maximal Aerobic Exercise.","authors":"Michael Simon, Chun-Jung Huang, Brandon G Fico","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026210","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obesity is associated with increased arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction, leading to inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to investigate the effects of maximal aerobic exercise on indicators of endothelial function (C1q-TNF-related-protein-9 [CTRP9], total nitric oxide [NOx], and flow-mediated dilation [FMD]) in obese and normal-weight individuals. Twenty young male participants (11 obese and 9 normal weight) participated in a maximal graded treadmill exercise test. The serum levels of CTRP9 and NOx and FMD were measured prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 and 2 hours into recovery. There was a significant time effect for serum CTRP9 (p=0.049) with a decrease from immediately post exercise to 1 hour after exercise mainly driven by the normal-weight group (p=0.007), followed by a return to the baseline levels at 2 hours into recovery. A significant time effect for serum NOx was also observed following exercise (p=0.033) with an increase mainly driven by the obese group from baseline to immediately after exercise (p=0.006) that returned to baseline level during recovery. No change was found in FMD in both groups following exercise (p=0.452), although obese participants had lower FMD compared to normal-weight participants across time (p=0.017). These findings suggest that maximal aerobic exercise elicits a transient alteration in biomarkers of endothelial function (NOx and CTRP9), independent of obesity status. Therefore, the novel results from this study may indicate that obesity does not impact the acute endothelial response to maximal aerobic exercise.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 2","pages":"2010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405671/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chest Wall Vibration Enhances Cardiopulmonary Recovery and Reduces Dyspnea Following High Intensity Exercise in a Forward-Leaning Posture.","authors":"Jun-Seok Park, Ji-Hyun Lee","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026306","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiopulmonary recovery after peak exercise is a critical component of exercise performance and overall health management. This study investigated whether combining chest wall vibration with a trunk forward-leaning posture could enhance recovery efficiency in healthy adults. Twenty-three participants performed a graded treadmill exercise using the Bruce protocol and were randomly assigned to either a vibration group (n = 11) or a control group (n = 12). During the 5-minute recovery period, all participants assumed a seated forward-leaning position, while the vibration group additionally received low-frequency chest wall vibration at the intercostal space between the second and third ribs. Heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO₂), forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁), FEV₁/FVC ratio, and subjective dyspnea (using a modified cross-modality matching method) were measured at baseline, immediately post-exercise, and at 1, 3, and 5 minutes of recovery (R1, R3, R5). Both groups demonstrated significant changes over time in HR, SpO₂, and subjective dyspnea, whereas pulmonary function measures (FVC, FEV₁, and FEV₁/FVC) remained unchanged. HR peaked immediately post-exercise (Control: 184.25 ± 8.24 bpm; Experimental: 186.72 ± 9.14 bpm) and decreased progressively during recovery, reaching 124.91 ± 13.54 bpm in the control group and 116.00 ± 13.84 bpm in the experimental group at 5 minutes. The experimental group showed significantly lower HR at 1 and 3 minutes post-exercise compared with the control group (p = .008 and p = .003, respectively), while no between-group differences were observed at Rest, immediately post-exercise, or at 5 minutes (all p > .05). SpO₂ decreased immediately after exercise (Control: 87.75 ± 6.22%; Experimental: 91.00 ± 5.54%) and returned toward resting levels by 1 minute of recovery. No significant between-group differences were observed at any time point (all p > .05). Subjective dyspnea scores peaked immediately after exercise (Control: 38.25 ± 3.64 cm; Experimental: 39.27 ± 3.13 cm) and declined progressively through recovery (Control: 16.50 ± 3.72 cm; Experimental: 4.09 ± 2.77 cm at 5 minutes). Dyspnea scores were significantly lower in the experimental group at 1, 3, and 5 minutes into recovery (all p < .001). These results suggest that the addition of chest wall vibration to a forward-leaning posture may facilitate early autonomic recovery and alleviate post-exercise breathlessness, offering a practical non-invasive intervention for post-exertional recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 3","pages":"3006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining The Contralateral Repeated Bout Effect in Females While Accounting for Menstrual Cycle-Related Estrogen Fluctuations.","authors":"Emilia C Elko, Ling Xin","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026706","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Contralateral Repeated Bout Effect (CL-RBE) occurs when an initial exercise protects the opposite, unexercised muscle from muscle damage during subsequent exercises. CL-RBE has been widely demonstrated in male populations, but research involving females remains limited. Recent research, including exclusively female subjects, reported an absence of CL-RBE, suggesting a possible sex-specific difference in the phenomenon. This null result may have been due to estrogen changes during the menstrual cycle, since estrogen has been suggested to protect from muscle damage. Therefore, this study controlled for estrogen fluctuations in fourteen females while testing for CL-RBE. Each participant completed the same eccentric exercise consisting of 60 repetitions on opposite arms, two weeks apart, with muscle damage markers assessed pre-exercise, immediately (muscle strength only), 24 hours, and 48 hours post-exercise. Significant main effects of time were observed in strength (p = .006) and soreness (p < .001), confirming muscle damage after the eccentric exercises. A significant bout effect was observed for strength (p < .028). However, no bout × time interaction emerged for any measured marker (p > .05). These findings suggest that estrogen fluctuation alone may not explain the absence of CL-RBE in females, and support emerging evidence of sex-specific differences in CL-RBE. While this study incorporated increased exercise volume and controlled for estrogen fluctuation, limitations include the indirect estimation of estrogen levels, which may have allowed subtle CL-RBE to go undetected. This highlights the need for future investigation into female-specific mechanisms governing muscle adaptation to develop evidence-based rehabilitation and training protocols that accurately reflect female physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 7","pages":"7006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405667/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148602921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Training and Tapering in High-Level Judo Athletes: A Biochemical and Autonomic Perspective.","authors":"Bruno T Campos, Cesar C Cal Abad, João Gabriel D S Rodrigues, André L L Bachi, Cesar M M Dos Santos, Jônatas B Amaral, Eduardo M Penna, Luciano S Prado","doi":"10.70252/IJES2026214","DOIUrl":"10.70252/IJES2026214","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the physiological, metabolic, and inflammatory responses to a four-week systematic training program followed by a 15-day tapering period in high-level judo athletes. Eighteen elite judokas (20.2 ± 2.4 years) were monitored throughout the training cycle. Internal training load was quantified using session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE). Autonomic regulation was assessed via heart rate variability coefficient of variation (HRVcv), while blood samples were analyzed for creatine kinase (CK), creatinine, albumin, total proteins, cortisol, and cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α). Training load decreased progressively across the weeks (p < 0.05), confirming a tapering phase. HRVcv remained stable throughout. Post-training analyses revealed significant increases in CK (p = 0.0002), IL-10 (p = 0.01), and creatinine (p = 0.05), while total protein levels decreased (p = 0.01). HRVcv correlated positively with internal load and negatively with albumin and total proteins. Additional correlations were observed between cortisol and total proteins, CK and albumin, and TNF-α with both creatinine and uric acid. Despite initial training-induced stress, the tapering phase facilitated physiological adaptation, as evidenced by autonomic balance and an enhanced anti-inflammatory response. Integrating internal load metrics, HRV, and biochemical markers may improve training monitoring and recovery strategies in high-performance judo athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14171,"journal":{"name":"International journal of exercise science","volume":"19 2","pages":"2014"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13405673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}