International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Beyond lung cancer: air pollution and bladder, breast and prostate cancer incidence.","authors":"Inass Kayyal-Tarabeia, Aviad Zick, Itai Kloog, Ilan Levy, Michael Blank, Keren Agay-Shay","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The carcinogenicity of air pollution and its impact on the risk of lung cancer is well known; however, there are still knowledge gaps and mixed results for other sites of cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The current study aimed to evaluate the associations between ambient air pollution [fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)] and cancer incidence. Exposure assessment was based on historical addresses of >900 000 participants. Cancer incidence included primary cancer cases diagnosed from 2007 to 2015 (n = 30 979). Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between ambient air pollution and cancer incidence [hazard ratio (HR), 95% CI].</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the single-pollutant models, an increase of one interquartile range (IQR) (2.11 µg/m3) of PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of all cancer sites (HR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.47-1.54), lung cancer (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.60-1.87), bladder cancer (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.37-1.65), breast cancer (HR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.42-1.58) and prostate cancer (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.31-1.52). In the single-pollutant and the co-pollutant models, the estimates for PM2.5 were stronger compared with NOx for all the investigated cancer sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings confirm the carcinogenicity of ambient air pollution on lung cancer and provide additional evidence for bladder, breast and prostate cancers. Further studies are needed to confirm our observation regarding prostate cancer. However, the need for more research should not be a barrier to implementing policies to limit the population's exposure to air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141633379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Cohort Profile Update: The Glostrup Population Studies 1964-2024.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae083","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Life-course influences of poverty on violence and homicide: 30-year Brazilian birth cohort study.","authors":"Joseph Murray, Michelle Degli Esposti, Christian Loret de Mola, Rafaela Martins, Andrew D A C Smith, Terrie E Moffitt, Jon Heron, Vanessa Iribarrem Miranda, Natalia Lima, Bernardo L Horta","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae103","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Homicide is the leading cause of death among young people in Latin America, one of the world's most violent regions. Poverty is widely considered a key cause of violence, but theories suggest different effects of poverty, depending on when it is experienced in the life-course. Longitudinal studies of violence are scarce in Latin America, and very few prospective data are available worldwide to test different life-course influences on homicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a prospective birth cohort study following 5914 children born in southern Brazil, we examined the role of poverty at birth, in early childhood, and in early adulthood on violence and homicide perpetration, in criminal records up to age 30 years. A novel Structured Life Course Modelling Approach was used to test competing life-course hypotheses about 'sensitive periods', 'accumulation of risk', and 'downward mobility' regarding the influence of poverty on violence and homicide.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cumulative poverty and poverty in early adulthood were the most important influences on violence and homicide perpetration. This supports the hypothesis that early adulthood is a sensitive period for the influence of poverty on lethal and non-lethal violence. Results were replicable using different definitions of poverty and an alternative outcome of self-reported fights.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cumulative poverty from childhood to adulthood was an important driver of violence and homicide in this population. However, poverty experienced in early adulthood was especially influential, suggesting the importance of proximal mechanisms for violence in this context, such as unemployment, organized crime, drug trafficking, and ineffective policing and justice systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11315650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Modelling counterfactual incidence during the transition towards culture-independent diagnostic testing.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141792405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 infections in English schools and the households of students and staff 2020-21: a self-controlled case-series analysis.","authors":"Elliot McClenaghan, Patrick Nguipdop-Djomo, Alexandra Lewin, Charlotte Warren-Gash, Sarah Cook, Punam Mangtani","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The role of children and staff in SARS-CoV-2 transmission outside and within households is still not fully understood when large numbers are in regular, frequent contact in schools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the self-controlled case-series method during the alpha- and delta-dominant periods to explore the incidence of infection in periods around a household member infection, relative to periods without household infection, in a cohort of primary and secondary English schoolchildren and staff from November 2020 to July 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found the relative incidence of infection in students and staff was highest in the 1-7 days following household infection, remaining high up to 14 days after, with risk also elevated in the 6--12 days before household infection. Younger students had a higher relative incidence following household infection, suggesting household transmission may play a more prominent role compared with older students. The relative incidence was also higher among students in the alpha variant dominant period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This analysis suggests SARS-CoV2 infection in children, young people and staff at English schools were more likely to be associated with within-household transmission than from outside the household, but that a small increased risk of seeding from outside is observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141878707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term associations of PM10 attributed to biomass burning with respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions in Peninsular Malaysia.","authors":"Muhammad Abdul Basit Ahmad Tajudin, Lina Madaniyazi, Xerxes Seposo, Mazrura Sahani, Aurelio Tobías, Mohd Talib Latif, Wan Rozita Wan Mahiyuddin, Mohd Faiz Ibrahim, Shingo Tamaki, Kazuhiko Moji, Masahiro Hashizume, Chris Fook Sheng Ng","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biomass burning (BB) is a major source of air pollution and particulate matter (PM) in Southeast Asia. However, the health effects of PM smaller than 10 µm (PM10) originating from BB may differ from those of other sources. This study aimed to estimate the short-term association of PM10 from BB with respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions in Peninsular Malaysia, a region often exposed to BB events.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained and analyzed daily data on hospital admissions, PM10 levels and BB days from five districts from 2005 to 2015. We identified BB days by evaluating the BB hotspots and backward wind trajectories. We estimated PM10 attributable to BB from the excess of the moving average of PM10 during days without BB hotspots. We fitted time-series quasi-Poisson regression models for each district and pooled them using meta-analyses. We adjusted for potential confounders and examined the lagged effects up to 3 days, and potential effect modification by age and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 210 960 respiratory and 178 952 cardiovascular admissions. Almost 50% of days were identified as BB days, with a mean PM10 level of 53.1 µg/m3 during BB days and 40.1 µg/m3 during normal days. A 10 µg/m3 increment in PM10 from BB was associated with a 0.44% (95% CI: 0.06, 0.82%) increase in respiratory admissions at lag 0-1, with a stronger association in adults aged 15-64 years and females. We did not see any significant associations for cardiovascular admissions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that short-term exposure to PM10 from BB increased the risk of respiratory hospitalizations in Peninsular Malaysia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141878708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on the justification of the independence assumption in 'Does cycle commuting reduce the risk of mental ill-health? An instrumental variable analysis using distance to nearest cycle path'.","authors":"Fernando Pires Hartwig, George Davey Smith","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: Comments on the justification of the independence assumption in 'Does cycle commuting reduce the risk of mental ill-health? An instrumental variable analysis using distance to nearest cycle path'.","authors":"Laurie Berrie, Zhiqiang Feng, David Rice, Tom Clemens, Lee Williamson, Chris Dibben","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of time-varying causal effects with multivariable Mendelian randomization: the importance of model specification.","authors":"Eleanor Sanderson, Kate Tilling","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae100","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141788008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of an emulated trial to investigate the association between use of nitrogen-based bisphosphonates and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.","authors":"Karen M Tuesley, Katrina Spilsbury, Penelope M Webb, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Peter Donovan, Michael D Coory, Christopher B Steer, Louise M Stewart, Nirmala Pandeya, Melinda M Protani, Suzanne Dixon-Suen, Louise Marquart-Wilson, Susan J Jordan","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae108","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the eighth most common cancer in women, with poor survival outcomes. Observational evidence suggests that nitrogen-based bisphosphonate (NBB) use may be associated with reduced risk of EOC, particularly the endometrioid and serous histotypes; however, confounding by indication is a concern. An alternative approach to investigate the chemo-preventive potential of NBBs is to emulate a target trial by identifying all women who initiate use of NBBs and investigate the risk of EOC for continued users compared with discontinued users.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using population-based linked data, we identified all Australian women aged over 50 years who first used NBBs over 2004-12. We used the year after first use to define treatment for each woman as either continued or discontinued use. We emulated randomization using stabilized inverse probability weights to balance the treatment groups using covariates including age, comorbidities and socioeconomic status. We followed women from treatment assignment until EOC diagnosis, death or 31 December 2013. We assessed the risk of EOC (overall and by histotype) using flexible parametric time-to-event models allowing for time-varying effects, and produced time-varying coefficients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 313 383 women in the study, 472 were diagnosed with EOC during follow-up (261 serous EOC), with an average age at diagnosis of 72 years. Continued use of NBBs was associated with reduced risk of EOC overall (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.69, 1.10), and serous EOC (HR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.96), compared with discontinued treatment, with estimates remaining constant over the 9-year follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results from our emulated trial suggest that in women who initiated NBB treatment, those who continued use had 13% and 29% lower hazards of being diagnosed with EOC overall and serous EOC, respectively, compared with women who discontinued use.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11319644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141971065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}