International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Midlife health in Britain and the United States: a comparison of two nationally representative cohorts.","authors":"Charis Bridger Staatz, Iliya Gutin, Andrea Tilstra, Laura Gimeno, Bettina Moltrecht, Dario Moreno-Agostino, Vanessa Moulton, Martina K Narayanan, Jennifer B Dowd, Lauren Gaydosh, George B Ploubidis","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Older adults in the USA have worse health and wider socioeconomic inequalities in health compared with those in Britain. Less is known about how health in the two countries compares in mid-life, a time of emerging health decline, including inequalities in health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compare measures of current regular smoking status, obesity, self-rated health, cholesterol, blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin using population-weighted modified Poisson regression in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) in Britain (N = 9665) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the USA (N = 12 300), when cohort members were aged 34-46 and 33-43, respectively. We test whether associations vary by early- and mid-life socioeconomic position.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>US adults had higher levels of obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Prevalence of poor self-rated health and current regular smoking was worse in Britain. We found smaller socioeconomic inequalities in mid-life health in Britain compared with the USA. For some outcomes (e.g. smoking), the most socioeconomically advantaged group in the USA was healthier than the equivalent group in Britain. For other outcomes (hypertension and cholesterol), the most advantaged US group fared equal to or worse than the most disadvantaged groups in Britain.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>US adults have worse cardiometabolic health than British counterparts, even in early mid-life. The smaller socioeconomic inequalities and better overall health in Britain may reflect differences in access to health care, welfare systems or other environmental risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Resource Profile: Add Health Mortality Outcomes Surveillance.","authors":"Elizabeth M Lawrence,Elyssa A Trani,Kurtis M Anthony,Robert A Hummer,Tiffany Jensen,Sylvie Tuder,Laura R Loehr,Kathleen Mullan Harris,Eric A Whitsel","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae121","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142263997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food, health, and climate change: can epidemiologists contribute further?","authors":"Walter Willett, Marco Springmann","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae109","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software application profile: tpc and micd-R packages for causal discovery with incomplete cohort data.","authors":"Ryan M Andrews, Christine W Bang, Vanessa Didelez, Janine Witte, Ronja Foraita","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae113","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Motivation: </strong>The Peter Clark (PC) algorithm is a popular causal discovery method to learn causal graphs in a data-driven way. Until recently, existing PC algorithm implementations in R had important limitations regarding missing values, temporal structure or mixed measurement scales (categorical/continuous), which are all common features of cohort data. The new R packages presented here, micd and tpc, fill these gaps.</p><p><strong>Implementation: </strong>micd and tpc packages are R packages.</p><p><strong>General features: </strong>The micd package provides add-on functionality for dealing with missing values to the existing pcalg R package, including methods for multiple imputations relying on the Missing At Random assumption. Also, micd allows for mixed measurement scales assuming conditional Gaussianity. The tpc package efficiently exploits temporal information in a way that results in a more informative output that is less prone to statistical errors.</p><p><strong>Availability: </strong>The tpc and micd packages are freely available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN). Their source code is also available on GitHub (https://github.com/bips-hb/micd; https://github.com/bips-hb/tpc).</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142072823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From heatwaves to food systems: epidemiologists addressing climate challenges.","authors":"Marina Treskova,Till Bärnighausen,Cássia Rocha Pompeu,Joacim Rocklöv","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae117","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142214403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraquat and Parkinson's disease: has the burden of proof shifted?","authors":"Sirwan K L Darweesh, Roel C H Vermeulen, Bastiaan R Bloem","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae126","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Burden of Disease Study tuberculosis estimates from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.","authors":"Hmwe H Kyu, Jorge R Ledesma, Christopher J L Murray","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of life course obesity with endometrial cancer: could alternative categorization of BMI change improve inference about cumulative risks?","authors":"Marco Thimm-Kaiser, Adam M Whalen, Michelle Lui, Alexander Furuya, Siddhesh Zadey","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization using sentinel surveillance in South Africa.","authors":"Nicola Chiwandire, Sibongile Walaza, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, Mignon Du Plessis, Fahima Moosa, Michelle J Groome, Jeremy Nel, Ebrahim Variava, Halima Dawood, Mvuyo Makhasi, Leora R Feldstein, Perrine Marcenac, Kathryn E Lafond, Aaron M Samuels, Cheryl Cohen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies leveraging systematic surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We assessed the effectiveness of two vaccines (Pfizer BNT162b2 and Johnson & Johnson Ad26.COV2.S) against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization in South African adults aged ≥18 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a test-negative case-control study using pneumonia surveillance data in South Africa. Inpatients with physician-diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection or suspected COVID-19, testing SARS-CoV-2 positive or negative from June 2021-March 2022, were cases or controls, respectively. Fully vaccinated individuals received one Ad26.COV2.S dose or two BNT162b2 doses ≥14-days before enrollment. VE was estimated using multivariable logistic regression for Delta- and Omicron BA.1/BA.2-predominant periods, stratified by age and HIV status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 925 cases and 1890 controls; 38 (4%) cases and 186 (10%) controls were fully vaccinated with BNT162b2, and 30 (3%) cases and 94 (5%) controls with Ad26.COV2.S. The vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 91% (95% CI: 52%, 98%) and 33% (-16%, 86%), respectively. The vaccine effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S against hospitalization over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 72% (-36% ,94%), and -19% (-130%, 39%), respectively. The vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 against hospitalization over the Delta period was 94% (50%, 99%) and 89% (27%, 98%) among adults aged ≥60 years and HIV-uninfected, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BNT162b2 vaccine was effective against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization during the Delta period for adults aged ≥18 years, ≥60 years and those HIV-uninfected. VE for Ad26.COV2.S was inconclusive, potentially due to limited sample size or residual confounding. These findings highlight the utility of sentinel surveillance for estimating VE.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection bias confounds rheumatoid arthritis study.","authors":"Johannes Nossent","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}