International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Spatial targeting and integration across vaccination, vitamin A and deworming programs throughout India 2019-21.","authors":"Francois Rerolle, Arnab K Dey, Tarik Benmarhnia, Benjamin F Arnold","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae160","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Currently, most large-scale public health programs, such as immunization or anti-parasitic deworming, work in relative isolation. Integrating efforts across programs could potentially improve their efficiency, but identifying populations that could benefit from multiple programs has been an operational challenge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed a nationally representative survey conducted in India between 2019 and 2021 to assess and map coverage of seven vaccines [Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), hepatitis B, polio, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP), haemophilus influenza type b (Hib), rotavirus and measles-containing vaccine (MCV)], plus Vitamin A supplementation and anti-parasitic deworming treatment among 86 761 children aged 1-3 years old.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>National coverage varied widely by program, from 42% (rotavirus) to 95% (BCG). There was high correlation between district-level coverage estimates (r ≥ 0.7) and extensive spatial overlap in low-coverage populations. In simulated implementation strategies, we show that an integrated strategy that targets full immunization coverage for four core vaccines (BCG, polio, DTP, MCV) would achieve similar coverage to an optimal (but unrealistic) implementation strategy and far better coverage than multiple efforts focused on individual vaccines. Targeting the most under-vaccinated districts within states based on spatial clustering or coverage thresholds led to further improvements in full coverage per child targeted. Integration of anti-parasitic deworming or rotavirus vaccination into a core vaccine delivery mission could nearly double their coverage (from ∼45% to ∼85%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrated delivery and geographic targeting across core vaccines could accelerate India's progress toward full immunization coverage. An integrated platform could greatly expand coverage of non-core vaccines and other child health interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11631194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142806797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Global South epidemiological heritage: the Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Studies.","authors":"Pedro C Hallal, Michael Reichenheim","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142590867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile Update: Project Viva Offspring.","authors":"Sheryl L Rifas-Shiman, Izzuddin M Aris, Karen M Switkowski, Jessica Young, Abby F Fleisch, Wei Perng, Jorge E Chavarro, Andres Cardenas, Diane R Gold, Mingyu Zhang, Peter James, Rachel C Whooten, Ken P Kleinman, Emily Oken, Marie-France Hivert","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae162","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae162","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11630542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142828354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ambient temperature exposure and rapid infant weight gain.","authors":"Neora Alterman,Daniel Nevo,Ronit Calderon-Margalit,Iaroslav Youssim,Bar Weinstein,Itai Kloog,Michael Hauzer,Raanan Raz","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae134","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDChildhood obesity is a major public health concern, and the global rate is rising. Rapid infant weight gain is a risk factor for later overweight. Studies have linked prenatal ambient temperature exposure to fetal growth, and preliminary evidence suggests postnatal exposure may be associated with infant weight gain.METHODSUsing a population-based historical cohort study including 1 100 576 infants born 2011-2019, we assessed the relationship between prenatal and one-month postnatal ambient temperature exposure and rapid infant weight gain. We used a hybrid spatiotemporal model to assess temperatures at the family's recorded residence at birth. Repeated weight measurements between birth and 15 months were used to model the outcome using the SuperImposition by Translation and Rotation (SITAR) method. We employed generalized linear models and distributed lag models to estimate the association between prenatal and postnatal exposure and rapid infant weight gain, defined as the upper tertile of the SITAR growth velocity.RESULTSOverall, higher ambient temperatures were associated with rapid infant weight gain. The cumulative adjusted relative risk for the highest exposure quintile during pregnancy compared with the lowest quintile was 1.33 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 1.40], and the corresponding association for the first postnatal month was 1.19 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.23). Exposure to high ambient temperature during early and mid-pregnancy, as well as the first postnatal month, was associated with rapid weight gain, while during late pregnancy, exposure to low temperatures was associated with this outcome.CONCLUSIONSPrenatal and postnatal ambient temperatures are associated with rapid infant weight gain.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staggered interventions with no control groups.","authors":"Brice Batomen,Tarik Benmarhnia","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae137","url":null,"abstract":"The limitations of the two-way fixed effects for the impact evaluation of interventions that occur at different times for each group have meant that 'staggered interventions' have been highlighted in recent years in the econometric literature and, more recently, in epidemiology. Although many alternative strategies (such as staggered difference-in-differences) have been proposed, the focus has predominantly been on scenarios in which one or more control groups are available. However, control groups are often unavailable, due to limitations in the available data or because all units eventually receive the intervention. In this context, interrupted time series (ITS) designs can constitute an appropriate alternative. The extent to which common model specifications for ITS analyses are limited in the case of staggered interventions remains an underexplored area in the methodological literature. In this work, we aim to demonstrate that standard ITS model specifications typically yield biased results for staggered interventions and we propose alternative model specifications that were inspired by recent developments in the difference-in-differences literature to propose adapted analytical strategies.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142439510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probabilistic bias analysis for exposure misclassification of household income by neighbourhood in a cohort of individuals with colorectal cancer.","authors":"Laura E Davis,Hailey R Banack,Renzo Calderon-Anyosa,Erin C Strumpf,Alyson L Mahar","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae135","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONDespite poor agreement, neighbourhood income is used as a proxy for household income, due to a lack of data availability. We quantified misclassification between household and neighbourhood income and demonstrate quantitative bias analysis (QBA) in scenarios where only neighbourhood income is available in assessing income inequalities on colorectal cancer mortality.METHODSThis was a retrospective study of adults with colorectal cancer diagnosed 2006-14 from Statistics Canada's Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort. Neighbourhood income quintiles from Statistics Canada were used. Census household income quintiles were used to determine bias parameters and confirm results of the QBA. We calculated positive and negative predictive values using multinomial models, adjusting for age, sex and rural residence. Probabilistic QBA was conducted to explore the implication of exposure misclassification when estimating the effect of income on 5-year mortality.RESULTSWe found poor agreement between neighbourhood and household income: positive predictive values ranged from 21% to 37%. The bias-adjusted risk of neighbourhood income on 5-year mortality was similar to the risk of mortality by household income. The bias-adjusted relative risk of the lowest income quintile compared with the highest was 1.42 [95% simulation interval (SI) 1.32-1.53] compared with 1.46 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-1.54] for household income and 1.18 (95% CI 1.12-1.24) for neighbourhood income.CONCLUSIONQBA can be used to estimate adjusted effects of neighbourhood income on mortality which represent household income. The predictive values from our study can be applied to similar cohorts with only neighbourhood income to estimate the effects of household income on cancer mortality.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142436159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to write an effective journal peer review using a staged writing approach: a best-practice guide for early-career researchers.","authors":"Ella T August, Andrew F Brouwer","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Journal peer review is a gatekeeper in the scientific process, determining which papers are published in academic journals. It also supports authors in improving their papers before they go to press. Training for early-career researchers on how to conduct a high-quality peer review is scarce, however, and there are concerns about the quality of peer review in the health sciences. Standardized training and guidance may help reviewers to improve the quality of their feedback. In this paper, we approach peer review as a staged writing activity and apply writing process best practices to help early-career researchers and others learn to create a comprehensive and respectful peer-review report. The writing stages of reading, planning and composing are reflected in our three-step peer-review process. The first step involves reading the entire manuscript to get a sense of the paper as a whole. The second step is to comprehensive evaluate the paper. The third step, of writing the review, emphasizes a respectful tone, providing feedback that motivates revision as well as balance in pointing out strengths and making suggestions. Detailed checklists that are provided in the Supplementary material (available as Supplementary data at IJE online) aid in the paper evaluation process and examples demonstrate points about writing an effective review.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142686886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The midlife health of only children: chronic disease indicators and biomarkers by sibship size in three nationally representative UK cohorts.","authors":"Jenny Chanfreau, Katherine Keenan, Kieron Barclay, Alice Goisis","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae119","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite persistent concerns about only children's disadvantage relative to individuals with siblings, existing health-related evidence is inconsistent. Recent evidence from Nordic countries about only children having poorer health outcomes may not apply elsewhere because selection processes differ across contexts. We investigate the midlife health of only children in the UK where one-child families tend to be socio-economically advantaged relative to large families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohort studies, we examine various biomarkers and self-reported measures of chronic disease by sibship size when respondents are aged in their mid-40s, mid-50s and mid-60s. We estimate separate linear probability models for each cohort, age and outcome, adjusting for childhood and early adulthood circumstances.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no evidence of only children differing from those with one, two or three or more siblings, at any age, in any of the cohorts, on: heart problems, hypertension, high triglycerides, high glycated haemoglobin or high C-reactive protein. However, compared with only children, the probability for cancer (0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.035; age 46/1970) and poor general health (0.060, CI: 0.015, 0.127; age 55/1958; and 0.110, CI: 0.052, 0.168; age 63/1946) was higher among those with three or more siblings.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is no consistent pattern of only child health disadvantage for midlife chronic disease outcomes across ages or cohorts in the UK. Research should focus on better understanding how sibship size differentials are contingent on context.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative incidence of chronic health conditions recorded in hospital inpatient admissions from birth to age 16 in England.","authors":"Matthew A Jay, Lauren Herlitz, Jessica Deighton, Ruth Gilbert, Ruth Blackburn","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae138","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monitoring the incidence of chronic health conditions (CHCs) in childhood in England, using administrative data to derive numerators and denominators, is challenged by unmeasured migration. We used open and closed birth cohort designs to estimate the cumulative incidence of CHCs to age 16 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In closed cohorts, we identified all births in Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) from 2002/3 to 2011/12, followed to 2018/19 (maximum age 8 to 16 years), censoring on death, first non-England residence record or 16th birthday. Children must have linked to later HES records and/or the National Pupil Database, which provides information on all state school enrolments, to address unmeasured emigration. The cumulative incidence of CHCs was estimated to age 16 using diagnostic codes in HES inpatient records. We also explored temporal variation. Sensitivity analyses varied eligibility criteria. In open cohorts, we used HES data on all children from 2002/3 to 2018/19 and national statistics population denominators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In open and closed approaches, the cumulative incidence of ever having a CHC recorded before age 16 among children born in 2003/4 was 25% (21% to 32% in closed cohort sensitivity analyses). There was little temporal variation. At least 28% of children with any CHC had more than one body system affected by age 16. Multimorbidity rates rose with later cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Approximately one-quarter of children are affected by CHCs, but estimates vary depending on how the denominator is defined. More accurate estimation of the incidence of CHCs requires a dynamic population estimate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11466227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faltering mortality improvements at young-middle ages in high-income English-speaking countries.","authors":"Sergey Timonin, David A Leon, Emily Banks, Tim Adair, Vladimir Canudas-Romo","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae128","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Before the COVID-19 pandemic, stagnating life expectancy trends were reported in some high-income countries (HICs). Despite previous evidence from country-specific studies, there is a lack of comparative research that provides a broader perspective and challenges existing assumptions. This study aims to examine longevity trends and patterns in six English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States) by combining period and cohort perspectives and to compare them with other HICs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the Human Mortality and World Health Organization Mortality Databases, we estimated partial life expectancy, lifespan inequality and cohort survival differences for 1970-2021, as well as the contribution of causes of death to the gap in life expectancy between English-speaking countries and the average for other HICs in 2017-19.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the pre-pandemic period, the increase in life expectancy slowed in all English-speaking countries, except Ireland, mainly due to stagnating or rising mortality at young-middle ages. Relative to other HICs, those born in Anglophone countries since the 1970s experienced relative survival disadvantage, largely attributable to injuries (mainly suicides) and substance-related mortality (mainly poisonings). In contrast, older cohorts enjoyed advantages for females in Australia and Canada and for males in all English-speaking countries except the United States.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although future gains in life expectancy in wealthy societies will increasingly depend on reducing mortality at older ages, adverse health trends at younger ages are a cause for concern. This emerging and avoidable threat to health equity in English-speaking countries should be the focus of further research and policy action.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}