International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Timing of exposure assessment in studies on Group B streptococcus colonization and preterm birth.","authors":"Simon R Procter, Proma Paul, Erzsébet Horváth-Puhó, Bronner P Gonçalves","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Maternal colonization by the bacterium Group B streptococcus (GBS) increases risk of preterm birth, a condition that has an important impact on the health of children. However, research studies that quantify the effect of GBS colonization on preterm birth have reported variable estimates of the effect measure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a simulated cohort study of pregnant women to assess how timing of exposure (GBS colonization) assessment might influence results of studies that address this question. We used published data on longitudinal maternal GBS colonization and on the distribution of preterm births by gestational age to inform parameters used in the simulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Assuming that the probability of preterm birth is higher during weeks when pregnant women are colonized by GBS, our results suggest that studies that assess exposure status early during pregnancy are more likely to estimate an association between GBS colonization and preterm birth that is closer to the null, compared with studies that assess exposure either at birth or during gestational weeks matched to preterm births. In sensitivity analyses assuming different colonization acquisition rates and diagnostic sensitivities, we observed similar results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Accurate quantification of the effect of maternal GBS colonization on the risk of preterm birth is necessary to understand the full health burden linked to this bacterium. In this study, we investigated one possible explanation, related to the timing of exposure assessment, for the variable findings of previous observational studies. Our findings will inform future research on this question.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling race inequities in cardiovascular disease mortality among cancer survivors: new insights and future directions.","authors":"Lauren E McCullough, Lindsay J Collin, Muriel Statman","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of potential mediators of the relationship between body mass index and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Emmanouil Bouras, Dipender Gill, Verena Zuber, Neil Murphy, Niki Dimou, Krasimira Aleksandrova, Sarah J Lewis, Richard M Martin, James Yarmolinsky, Demetrius Albanes, Hermann Brenner, Sergi Castellví-Bel, Andrew T Chan, Iona Cheng, Stephen Gruber, Bethany Van Guelpen, Christopher I Li, Loic Le Marchand, Polly A Newcomb, Shuji Ogino, Andrew Pellatt, Stephanie L Schmit, Alicja Wolk, Anna H Wu, Ulrike Peters, Marc J Gunter, Konstantinos K Tsilidis","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most-common cancer worldwide and its rates are increasing. Elevated body mass index (BMI) is an established risk factor for CRC, although the molecular mechanisms behind this association remain unclear. Using the Mendelian randomization (MR) framework, we aimed to investigate the mediating effects of putative biomarkers and other CRC risk factors in the association between BMI and CRC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected as mediators biomarkers of established cancer-related mechanisms and other CRC risk factors for which a plausible association with obesity exists, such as inflammatory biomarkers, glucose homeostasis traits, lipids, adipokines, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), sex hormones, 25-hydroxy-vitamin D, smoking, physical activity (PA) and alcohol consumption. We used inverse-variance weighted MR in the main univariable analyses and performed sensitivity analyses (weighted-median, MR-Egger, Contamination Mixture). We used multivariable MR for the mediation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically predicted BMI was positively associated with CRC risk [odds ratio per SD (5 kg/m2) = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.08-1.24, P-value = 1.4 × 10-5] and robustly associated with nearly all potential mediators. Genetically predicted IGF1, fasting insulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, PA and alcohol were associated with CRC risk. Evidence for attenuation was found for IGF1 [explained 7% (95% CI: 2-13%) of the association], smoking (31%, 4-57%) and PA (7%, 2-11%). There was little evidence for pleiotropy, although smoking was bidirectionally associated with BMI and instruments were weak for PA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The effect of BMI on CRC risk is possibly partly mediated through plasma IGF1, whereas the attenuation of the BMI-CRC association by smoking and PA may reflect confounding and shared underlying mechanisms rather than mediation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: The PELAGIE mother-child cohort.","authors":"Charline Warembourg, Christine Monfort, Nathalie Costet, Florence Rouget, Fabienne Pelé, Ronan Garlantézec, Sylvaine Cordier, Cécile Chevrier","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140957223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: Barcelona Life Study Cohort (BiSC).","authors":"Payam Dadvand, Mireia Gascon, Mariona Bustamante, Ioar Rivas, Maria Foraster, Xavier Basagaña, Marta Cosín, Elisenda Eixarch, Muriel Ferrer, Eduard Gratacós, Laura Gómez Herrera, Pol Jimenez-Arenas, Jordi Júlvez, Àlex Morillas, Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen, Cecília Persavento, Jesús Pujol, Xavier Querol, Olga Sánchez García, Martine Vrijheid, Elisa Llurba, María Dolores Gómez-Roig, Jordi Sunyer","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae063","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of underreported infections on vaccine effectiveness estimates derived from retrospective cohort studies.","authors":"Chiara Sacco, Mattia Manica, Valentina Marziano, Massimo Fabiani, Alberto Mateo-Urdiales, Giorgio Guzzetta, Stefano Merler, Patrizio Pezzotti","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surveillance data and vaccination registries are widely used to provide real-time vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates, which can be biased due to underreported (i.e. under-ascertained and under-notified) infections. Here, we investigate how the magnitude and direction of this source of bias in retrospective cohort studies vary under different circumstances, including different levels of underreporting, heterogeneities in underreporting across vaccinated and unvaccinated, and different levels of pathogen circulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed a stochastic individual-based model simulating the transmission dynamics of a respiratory virus and a large-scale vaccination campaign. Considering a baseline scenario with 22.5% yearly attack rate and 30% reporting ratio, we explored fourteen alternative scenarios, each modifying one or more baseline assumptions. Using synthetic individual-level surveillance data and vaccination registries produced by the model, we estimated the VE against documented infection taking as reference either unvaccinated or recently vaccinated individuals (within 14 days post-administration). Bias was quantified by comparing estimates to the known VE assumed in the model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VE estimates were accurate when assuming homogeneous reporting ratios, even at low levels (10%), and moderate attack rates (<50%). A substantial downward bias in the estimation arose with homogeneous reporting and attack rates exceeding 50%. Mild heterogeneities in reporting ratios between vaccinated and unvaccinated strongly biased VE estimates, downward if cases in vaccinated were more likely to be reported and upward otherwise, particularly when taking as reference unvaccinated individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In observational studies, high attack rates or differences in underreporting between vaccinated and unvaccinated may result in biased VE estimates. This study underscores the critical importance of monitoring data quality and understanding biases in observational studies, to more adequately inform public health decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11157963/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141283679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: The Korean Radiation Workers Study (KRWS).","authors":"Dalnim Lee, Eun Shil Cha, Soojin Park, Hyoju Sung, Eunbi Noh, Haesu Jeong, Won-Il Jang, Songwon Seo","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal trends in disparities in COVID-19 seropositivity among Canadian blood donors.","authors":"Yuan Yu, Matthew J Knight, Diana Gibson, Sheila F O'Brien, David L Buckeridge, W Alton Russell","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae078","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In Canada's largest COVID-19 serological study, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood donors have been monitored since 2020. No study has analysed changes in the association between anti-N seropositivity (a marker of recent infection) and geographic and sociodemographic characteristics over the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Bayesian multi-level models with spatial effects at the census division level, we analysed changes in correlates of SARS-CoV-2 anti-N seropositivity across three periods in which different variants predominated (pre-Delta, Delta and Omicron). We analysed disparities by geographic area, individual traits (age, sex, race) and neighbourhood factors (urbanicity, material deprivation and social deprivation). Data were from 420 319 blood donations across four regions (Ontario, British Columbia [BC], the Prairies and the Atlantic region) from December 2020 to November 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seropositivity was higher for racialized minorities, males and individuals in more materially deprived neighbourhoods in the pre-Delta and Delta waves. These subgroup differences dissipated in the Omicron wave as large swaths of the population became infected. Across all waves, seropositivity was higher in younger individuals and those with lower neighbourhood social deprivation. Rural residents had high seropositivity in the Prairies, but not other regions. Compared to generalized linear models, multi-level models with spatial effects had better fit and lower error when predicting SARS-CoV-2 anti-N seropositivity by geographic region.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Correlates of recent COVID-19 infection have evolved over the pandemic. Many disparities lessened during the Omicron wave, but public health intervention may be warranted to address persistently higher burden among young people and those with less social deprivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11153835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile Update: Magu Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Tanzania.","authors":"Mark Urassa, Milly Marston, Charles Mangya, Jacqueline Materu, Duplessis Elsabe, Kinung'hi Safari, Sophia Kagoye, Jim Todd, Ties Boerma","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11055399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in stillbirths and child and youth mortality in 2020 and 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Enrique Acosta, Lucia Hug, Helena Cruz-Castanheira, David Sharrow, José Henrique Monteiro da Silva, Danzhen You","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has been extensively studied for its impact on mortality, particularly in older age groups. However, the pandemic effects on stillbirths and mortality rates in neonates, infants, children and youth remain poorly understood. This study comprehensively analyses the pandemic influence on young mortality and stillbirths across 112 countries and territories in 2020 and 104 in 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from civil registers and vital statistics systems (CRVS) and the Health Management Information System (HMIS), we estimate expected mortality levels in a non-pandemic setting and relative mortality changes (p-scores) through generalized linear models. The analysis focuses on the distribution of country-specific mortality changes and the proportion of countries experiencing deficits, no changes and excess mortality in each age group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that stillbirths and under-25 mortality were as expected in most countries during 2020 and 2021. However, among countries with changes, more experienced deficits than excess mortality, except for stillbirths, neonates and those aged 10-24 in 2021, where, despite the predominance of no changes, excess mortality prevailed. Notably, a fifth of examined countries saw increases in stillbirths and a quarter in young adult mortality (20-24) in 2021. Our findings are highly consistent between females and males and similar across income levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite global disruptions to essential services, stillbirths and youth mortality were as expected in most observed countries, challenging initial hypotheses. However, the study suggests the possibility of delayed adverse effects that require more time to manifest at the population level. Understanding the lasting impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic requires ongoing, long-term monitoring of health and deaths among children and youth, particularly in low- and lower-middle-income countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11018542/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140858455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}