International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"The Global Burden of Disease Study tuberculosis estimates from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.","authors":"Hmwe H Kyu, Jorge R Ledesma, Christopher J L Murray","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of life course obesity with endometrial cancer: could alternative categorization of BMI change improve inference about cumulative risks?","authors":"Marco Thimm-Kaiser, Adam M Whalen, Michelle Lui, Alexander Furuya, Siddhesh Zadey","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae120","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization using sentinel surveillance in South Africa.","authors":"Nicola Chiwandire, Sibongile Walaza, Anne von Gottberg, Nicole Wolter, Mignon Du Plessis, Fahima Moosa, Michelle J Groome, Jeremy Nel, Ebrahim Variava, Halima Dawood, Mvuyo Makhasi, Leora R Feldstein, Perrine Marcenac, Kathryn E Lafond, Aaron M Samuels, Cheryl Cohen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies leveraging systematic surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. We assessed the effectiveness of two vaccines (Pfizer BNT162b2 and Johnson & Johnson Ad26.COV2.S) against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization in South African adults aged ≥18 years.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a test-negative case-control study using pneumonia surveillance data in South Africa. Inpatients with physician-diagnosed lower respiratory tract infection or suspected COVID-19, testing SARS-CoV-2 positive or negative from June 2021-March 2022, were cases or controls, respectively. Fully vaccinated individuals received one Ad26.COV2.S dose or two BNT162b2 doses ≥14-days before enrollment. VE was estimated using multivariable logistic regression for Delta- and Omicron BA.1/BA.2-predominant periods, stratified by age and HIV status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 925 cases and 1890 controls; 38 (4%) cases and 186 (10%) controls were fully vaccinated with BNT162b2, and 30 (3%) cases and 94 (5%) controls with Ad26.COV2.S. The vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 91% (95% CI: 52%, 98%) and 33% (-16%, 86%), respectively. The vaccine effectiveness of Ad26.COV2.S against hospitalization over Delta and Omicron BA.1/BA.2 periods was 72% (-36% ,94%), and -19% (-130%, 39%), respectively. The vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 against hospitalization over the Delta period was 94% (50%, 99%) and 89% (27%, 98%) among adults aged ≥60 years and HIV-uninfected, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BNT162b2 vaccine was effective against SARS-CoV-2-associated hospitalization during the Delta period for adults aged ≥18 years, ≥60 years and those HIV-uninfected. VE for Ad26.COV2.S was inconclusive, potentially due to limited sample size or residual confounding. These findings highlight the utility of sentinel surveillance for estimating VE.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection bias confounds rheumatoid arthritis study.","authors":"Johannes Nossent","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142286431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Handle with care: challenges associated with ultra-processed foods research.","authors":"Lauren E O'Connor, Kirsten A Herrick, Keren Papier","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae106","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interacting trends of colorectal cancer incidence: the combined effects of screening and birth cohort.","authors":"Chih-Lin Kuo, Jing-Rong Jhuang, Shih-Yung Su, Chun-Ju Chiang, Ya-Wen Yang, Li-Ju Lin, Pei-Chun Hsieh, Tsui-Hsia Hsu, Wen-Chung Lee","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae123","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Colorectal cancer remains a major global public health challenge. Its incidence is shaped by a complex interplay of screening programmes and age, period and cohort factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We introduce a novel Age-Period-Cohort-Screening (APCS) model to analyse trends in colorectal cancer incidence in Taiwan from 2000 to 2019.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2010, the incidence of colorectal cancer in Taiwan increased by 19.2% (95% CI: 13.5%, 25.3%) for men and 15.6% (95% CI: 9.2%, 22.4%) for women. This was followed by annual declines of 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8%, 4.1%) and 3.1% (95% CI: 2.4%, 3.9%), respectively. By 2015 for men and 2014 for women, the age-standardized incidence had fallen below the levels projected in a no-screening scenario. By 2019, the incidence had further declined by 12.4% (95% CI: 11.8%, 13.1%) for men and 11.6% (95% CI: 10.7%, 12.6%) for women, compared with the no-screening scenario. Cohort effects have shown a persistent rise from 1920 to 1980: incidence increased 5.8-fold for men and 3.1-fold for women. The trend began to plateau after 1980, with a noticeable decline in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Through its screening programme, Taiwan has successfully reduced colorectal cancer incidence by 10% as of 2019. Furthermore, the incidence due to cohort effects has plateaued and even begun to decline. However, continued monitoring remains crucial. The advanced APCS model could serve as a robust analytical tool for other researchers and policy makers evaluating the impacts of cancer screening programmes on incidence trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disentangling discordant vitamin D associations with prostate cancer incidence and fatality in a large, nested case-control study.","authors":"Lola Etiévant, Mitchell H Gail, Demetrius Albanes","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae110","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Published analyses of prostate cancer nested case-control and survival data in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study cohort suggested that men with higher baseline vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have both (i) increased prostate cancer risk and (ii) decreased prostate cancer-specific fatality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To investigate possible factors responsible for a spurious association with prostate cancer fatality, we reanalysed baseline serum vitamin D associations with prostate cancer risk and prostate cancer-specific fatality in case-control data nested within the ATBC Study (1000 controls and 1000 incident prostate cancer cases). Conditional logistic regression and Cox proportion hazard models were used, respectively, to estimate odds ratios for risk and hazard ratios for prostate cancer-specific fatality, overall and by disease aggressiveness. We replicated these case-control analyses using baseline serum measurements of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), beta-carotene and retinol (vitamin A), and used the entire ATBC Study cohort (n = 29 085) to estimate marginal associations between these baseline vitamins and prostate cancer incidence and fatality following blood collection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Vitamin D analyses agreed closely with those originally published, with opposite risk and fatality associations. By contrast, the analyses of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol yielded concordant associations for prostate cancer incidence and prostate cancer-specific fatality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found evidence of neither artefacts in the nested prostate cancer case-control data set nor detection or collider biases in the fatality analyses. The present findings therefore support a valid inverse (i.e. beneficial) association between vitamin D and prostate cancer-specific survival that warrants further evaluation, including possibly in controlled trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Handle with care: challenges associated with ultra-processed foods research.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae133","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11461284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of physical activity: from sick individuals to healthy populations.","authors":"Pedro C Hallal, I-Min Lee, Olga Lucia Sarmiento, Kenneth E Powell","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11427673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional and genetic associations of BMI with major vascular and non-vascular disease incidence and mortality in a relatively lean Chinese population: U-shaped relationship revisited.","authors":"Andri Iona, Fiona Bragg, Zammy Fairhurst-Hunter, Iona Y Millwood, Neil Wright, Kuang Lin, Ling Yang, Huaidong Du, Yiping Chen, Pei Pei, Liang Cheng, Dan Schmidt, Daniel Avery, Canqing Yu, Jun Lv, Robert Clarke, Robin Walters, Liming Li, Sarah Parish, Zhengming Chen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae125","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with higher incidence of cardiovascular and some non-cardiovascular diseases (CVDs/non-CVDs). However, uncertainty remains about its associations with mortality, particularly at lower BMI levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank recruited >512 000 adults aged 30-79 years in 2004-08 and genotyped a random subset of 76 000 participants. In conventional and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) associating measured and genetically predicted BMI levels with incident risks of major vascular events (MVEs; conventional/MR 68 431/23 621), ischaemic heart disease (IHD; 50 698/12 177), ischaemic stroke (IS; 42 427/11 897) and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH; 7644/4712), and with mortality risks of CVD (15 427/6781), non-CVD (26 915/4355) and all causes (42 342/6784), recorded during ∼12 years of follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the mean BMI was 23.8 (standard deviation: 3.2) kg/m2 and 13% had BMIs of <20 kg/m2. Measured and genetically predicted BMI showed positive log-linear associations with MVE, IHD and IS, but a shallower positive association with ICH in conventional analyses. Adjusted HRs per 5 kg/m2 higher genetically predicted BMI were 1.50 (95% CI 1.41-1.58), 1.49 (1.38-1.61), 1.42 (1.31-1.54) and 1.64 (1.58-1.69) for MVE, IHD, IS and ICH, respectively. These were stronger than associations in conventional analyses [1.21 (1.20-1.23), 1.28 (1.26-1.29), 1.31 (1.29-1.33) and 1.14 (1.10-1.18), respectively]. At BMIs of ≥20 kg/m2, there were stronger positive log-linear associations of BMI with CVD, non-CVD and all-cause mortality in MR than in conventional analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Among relatively lean Chinese adults, higher genetically predicted BMI was associated with higher risks of incident CVDs. Excess mortality risks at lower BMI in conventional analyses are likely not causal and may reflect residual reverse causality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11464668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142390442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}