International journal of epidemiology最新文献

Relationship between shingles and coronavirus disease 2019: a self-controlled case series study 带状疱疹与2019冠状病毒病的关系：一项自我对照病例系列研究

IF 7.7 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf162

Tomoki Mizuno, Jun Suzuki, Shota Takahashi, Haruka Imai, Hideya Itagaki, Tomohiro Akaba, Makiko Yoshida, Shiro Endo

{"title":"Relationship between shingles and coronavirus disease 2019: a self-controlled case series study","authors":"Tomoki Mizuno, Jun Suzuki, Shota Takahashi, Haruka Imai, Hideya Itagaki, Tomohiro Akaba, Makiko Yoshida, Shiro Endo","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf162","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although some studies suggest an increased risk of shingles following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, no research has examined this relationship in real-world clinical settings. We aimed to investigate the association between shingles and COVID-19 by using a Japanese inpatient and outpatient claims database. Methods We identified patients with COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 30 January 2023 by using a Japanese inpatient and outpatient claims database. We also identified those who developed shingles and received antiviral drugs within 90 days before or after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Using self-controlled case series methods, we evaluated the relationship between shingles and COVID-19. We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for shingles during the buffer period (days –35 to –7), pre-exposure period (days –6 to 0), and risk periods of the first and second, third and fourth, and fifth and sixth weeks following COVID-19 infection compared with a control period outside these intervals. Results Among 399 381 patients with COVID-19, 558 were diagnosed with shingles. The IRR was significantly elevated during the first and second (5.1, 95% CI 3.9–6.6), third and fourth (1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5), and fifth and sixth weeks (1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.3) compared with a control period. Conclusion This study of a Japanese inpatient and outpatient database reveals a relationship between shingles and COVID-19, indicating that shingles may be a characteristic of the virus and highlighting the need for varicella-zoster vaccination alongside SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 era.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluating the effectiveness of the human papillomavirus vaccination programme in England, using a regression discontinuity design 使用回归不连续设计评估英国人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种计划的有效性

IF 7.7 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf156

Isobel L Ward, Charlotte R Bermingham, Kate Soldan, Vahé Nafilyan

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of the human papillomavirus vaccination programme in England, using a regression discontinuity design","authors":"Isobel L Ward, Charlotte R Bermingham, Kate Soldan, Vahé Nafilyan","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf156","url":null,"abstract":"Background In England, the national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization programme was introduced in 2008 to prevent cervical cancer. Girls aged 12–13 years were offered routine vaccination and those aged 14–18 years in 2008 were offered ‘catch-up’ vaccination. We evaluate the effect of the HPV catch-up vaccination programmes on cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia diagnoses, and provide an estimate of the vaccine effectiveness. Methods Using the 2011 Census, Hospital Episode Statistics, and mortality data for the population of England, we exploit the cut-off in eligibility and apply a regression discontinuity design to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on cervical disease. Results Vaccination reduced the incidence of cervical dysplasia and cancer diagnoses by 31% and 75%, respectively, at ages 23–30 years in girls offered catch-up vaccination at ages 17–18 years compared with those who were just above the eligibility age for the catch-up vaccination, with a clear discontinuity. Reductions continued amongst girls offered routine vaccination. Conclusion These estimates, obtained by using a quasi-experimental approach, are similar to vaccine effectiveness estimates based on more traditional approaches. This approach provides further evidence of the HPV vaccination programme reducing adverse cervical outcomes in young women and could be used for future studies to evaluate major changes in HPV vaccination policy and for studies of longer-term outcomes including other cancers and deaths.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confounding mechanisms and adjustment strategies in air pollution epidemiology: a case study assessment with the UK Biobank cohort. 空气污染流行病学中的混淆机制和调整策略：英国生物银行队列的案例研究评估。

IF 5.9 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf163

Jacopo Vanoli, Lina Madaniyazi, Massimo Stafoggia, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Antonio Gasparrini

{"title":"Confounding mechanisms and adjustment strategies in air pollution epidemiology: a case study assessment with the UK Biobank cohort.","authors":"Jacopo Vanoli, Lina Madaniyazi, Massimo Stafoggia, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Antonio Gasparrini","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf163","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf163","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cohort studies are instrumental in examining long-term risks associated with environmental exposures but require appropriate control for various confounding effects. In this contribution, we assessed this issue by investigating the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and mortality in a UK-based cohort.Methods: We analysed data from half a million adults in the UK Biobank linked with time-varying individual-level exposure data and followed up during the period 2006-21. The assessment focused on confounding related to spatial and temporal patterns as well as due to measurable variables, including both contextual and individual-level factors. We performed an evaluation consisting of descriptive analyses, specification and interpretation of direct acyclic graphs (DAGs), and comparison of results from survival models.Results: We found correlations between PM2.5 exposure and mortality rates across time, geographical areas, and categories of measurable variables. The DAG indicated complex causal pathways and the need to adjust for a wide set of potential confounders. The regression analysis confirmed these patterns: the fully adjusted model estimated a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06-1.49) per 10 μg/m3 increments in PM2.5, but the association reversed to 0.82 (0.76-0.87) when excluding control for recruitment centre, suggesting strong spatial confounding. Calendar time showed stronger confounding effects compared to age. Area-level socio-economic indicators were more important than individual-level counterparts, while lack of control for lifestyle factors led to a noticeable overestimation.Conclusions: This case-study illustration elucidates various confounding mechanisms in cohort studies on environmental risks and offers a critical evaluation of alternative adjustment strategies.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The joint impact of greenspace and air pollution on mortality: a nationwide study in Finland. 绿色空间和空气污染对死亡率的共同影响：芬兰的一项全国性研究。

IF 5.9 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf124

Matti Koivuranta, Marko Korhonen, Ina Rissanen

{"title":"The joint impact of greenspace and air pollution on mortality: a nationwide study in Finland.","authors":"Matti Koivuranta, Marko Korhonen, Ina Rissanen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf124","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Greenspace has been linked to reduced mortality while air pollution has been associated with increased mortality. We examined whether the joint association of greenspace and air pollution on mortality varies across ages, sexes, educational levels, urban and rural environments, and differential levels of both exposures in a nationwide population of Finland.Methods: This study utilized routinely collected individual-level register data from Statistics Finland encompassing all citizens aged 30 years or older in 2000 (N = 3 003 519), followed until 2019. Greenspace was measured using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and air pollution by the concentration of fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess linear and non-linear associations between EVI, PM2.5, and mortality. Age was modeled flexibly with a natural cubic spline with four knots. Analyses were stratified by sex, educational level, and urbanicity.Results: Both EVI and PM2.5 were independently associated with mortality (EVI: HR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98-0.99 per IQR; PM2.5: HR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), with evidence of an interaction between the two (EVI × PM2.5: HR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99-0.99). The joint association varied across age, sex, education, urbanicity, and the level of both exposures. PM2.5 was primarily linearly associated with increased mortality, accounting for EVI. In contrast, the relationship between EVI and mortality was less linear and more variable.Conclusions: Expanding greenspace may be most beneficial in areas where it is limited and where air pollution levels are high.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cohort Profile Update: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)-Waves 5 and 6. 队列概况更新：爱尔兰老龄化纵向研究(TILDA)-第5和第6波。

IF 5.9 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf158

Siobhan Scarlett, Ann Monaghan, Sinead McLoughlin, Ann Hever, Cathal McCrory, Mark Ward, Christine A McGarrigle, Rose Anne Kenny

引用次数: 0

What would we learn from empirical evaluations of epidemiologic methods? 我们能从流行病学方法的经验评估中学到什么？

IF 5.9 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf155

Jeremy A Labrecque

引用次数: 0

Challenges with Mendelian randomization and its application to the study of vitamins. 孟德尔随机化的挑战及其在维生素研究中的应用。

IF 5.9 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf165

Elina Hyppönen

引用次数: 0

Cohort Profile Update: The Intergenerational Childhood Adversity and Lifetime Morbidity (I-CALM) study, an extension of the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP). 队列简介更新：代际童年逆境和终生发病率（I-CALM）研究，是昆士兰大学-母亲怀孕研究（MUSP）的延伸。

IF 5.9 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf151

Claudia Bull, Mike Trott, Jake Najman, Natasha Reid, Lakshmi Neelakantan, Rebecca Moran, Anne Edwards, Steve Kisely

引用次数: 0

Cohort Profile Update: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort (MoBa). 队列简介更新：挪威母亲，父亲和儿童队列（MoBa）。

IF 7.7 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf139

Ragnhild E Brandlistuen,Dana Kristjansson,Elin Alsaker,Ragnhild Valen,Even Birkeland,Ellen C Røyrvik,Christian M Page,Maria Aamelfot,Sille Vangbæk,Helga Ask,Alexandra Havdahl,Anne Lise Brantsæter,Guri Rortveit,Siri E Håberg,Per Magnus

引用次数: 0

When will causal structure learning become practical? 因果结构学习什么时候会变得实用？

IF 5.9 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2025-08-18 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyaf145

Johannes Textor

引用次数: 0