International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Cohort Profile: Our Future Health.","authors":"Michael B Cook, Naomi Adams, Ashley Adjetey, Ryan Arathimos, Marko Balabanovic, Ros Blackwood, Adam Booth, Benjamin J Cairns, Ali Connell, Sidra Ellis, Ben Elsworth, Kate Evans, Alice Forman, Eva Gradovich, Cosima Gretton, Fiona Grimm, David J Hunter, Kamil Lipinski, Jodie Lord, Jane Luff, Fiona Maleady-Crowe, Rachel Moran, Sophie North, Alicia Peel, Diana van der Plaat, Kirstin Purves, Fiona Reddington, Andrew Roddam, Saskia C Sanderson, Tim Sprosen, Adam Steventon, Iain Turnbull, Emma Vestesson, Raghib Ali","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf171","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf171","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12527338/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145300084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: Growing up in Australia: the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC).","authors":"Amanda R Cooklin,Meredith O'Connor,Jan M Nicholson,Donna Berthelsen,Paul Hockey,Agatha Faulkner,Ben Edwards,Lisa G Smithers,Tim Slade,Julie Moschion,Lyndall Strazdins,Ann V Sanson,Steve R Zubrick","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf168","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145339069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of smoke haze on respiratory clinic visits in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia according to different haze characteristics.","authors":"Vera Ling Hui Phung,Kayo Ueda,Nina Yulianti,Masafumi Ohashi,Masahiro Kawasaki,Fatmaria Fatmaria,Syamsul Arifin,Donna Novina Kahanjak,Ravenalla Abdurrahman Al Hakim Sampurna Putra S,Abi Bakring,Kitso Kusin,Daisuke Naito","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf169","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDSmoke haze is a common air-pollution issue in Southeast Asia. Studies have suggested an elevated respiratory risk due to smoke-haze exposure. However, relevant studies have applied different exposure assessments in addressing haze effects and there is no unified definition of haze due to differences in its characteristics by location. The present study aimed to examine the effects of haze on respiratory health outcomes by analysing local fire activity and duration.METHODSData for daily respiratory visits in Central Kalimantan were collected at local primary healthcare centers ('puskesmas') during the period spanning 2015-2019, encompassing two major haze episodes in the region. Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter <10 μm and fire hotspot counts were used to determine haze days, including fire-haze and non-fire-haze days. A space-time-stratified case-crossover design was used through a conditional quasi-Poisson regression model to examine the effects of haze vs. non-haze days in each subdivision, with lags of up to five  days, for different haze definitions and durations.RESULTSThe risk of respiratory visits was prominent during haze days but varied by haze characteristics. There was a 36.6% (95% confidence interval: 10.2%, 69.3%) and 74.4% (18.9%, 164.6%) increased risk of respiratory visits in Pulang Pisau Regency during haze and fire haze, respectively. The risk was pronounced when the haze was characterized by longer durations.CONCLUSIONOur findings suggest inconclusive effects of haze on respiratory visits to primary healthcare centers, although they appeared to be prominent in the area mainly dominated by fire haze. Haze characteristics should be analysed carefully for differences in risk patterns according to location.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145305331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-acute non-specific symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination: a Danish population-based study","authors":"Christina Bisgaard Jensen, Kristoffer Torp Hansen, Bodil Hammer Bech, Stefan Nygaard Hansen, Henrik Nielsen, Charlotte Ulrikka Rask, Per Fink, Thomas Meinertz Dantoft, Torben Jørgensen, Jeremy A Labrecque, Sanne Møller Thysen, Dorte Rytter","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf173","url":null,"abstract":"Background Post-acute non-specific symptoms such as headaches, muscular pain, and fatigue are frequently reported following COVID-19 vaccination, raising concerns about adverse events. As vaccine-hesitant individuals may be more likely to experience symptoms of vaccines, this study investigates whether COVID-19 vaccination increases the odds of post-acute non-specific symptoms, stratified by COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Methods This longitudinal study uses repeated measurements from the BiCoVac cohort—a random sample of 913 116 Danish citizens aged 16–65 years. Data were collected through national registers and questionnaires (May 2021–June 2022). Non-specific symptoms were identified by using the 25-item Bodily Distress Syndrome checklist and analysed by using logistic and linear regression models comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals. Models were fitted with robust standard errors and inverse probability of selection weights. Results A total of 132 776 observations were collected from 61 316 COVID-19 vaccine-unconcerned individuals, 52 325 observations from 25 272 COVID-19 vaccine-sceptical individuals, and 10 242 observations from 5064 COVID-19 vaccine-concerned individuals. Among the vaccine-unconcerned individuals, those vaccinated had lower odds of most symptoms compared with unvaccinated individuals &amp;gt;4 weeks post-vaccination [e.g. muscular pain: odds ratio (OR) = 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.68]. A similar tendency was found for vaccine-sceptical individuals, although with attenuated estimates. Conversely, among vaccine-concerned individuals, we observed a tendency for higher odds of most symptoms &amp;gt;4 weeks post-vaccination compared with unvaccinated individuals (e.g. muscular pain: OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 0.91–1.67). Conclusion For most individuals aged 16–65 years, we found no evidence of post-acute symptoms after COVID-19 vaccination. Vaccinated vaccine-concerned individuals were, however, more likely to report most symptoms, potentially due to reporting bias or nocebo effects.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between shingles and coronavirus disease 2019: a self-controlled case series study","authors":"Tomoki Mizuno, Jun Suzuki, Shota Takahashi, Haruka Imai, Hideya Itagaki, Tomohiro Akaba, Makiko Yoshida, Shiro Endo","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf162","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although some studies suggest an increased risk of shingles following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, no research has examined this relationship in real-world clinical settings. We aimed to investigate the association between shingles and COVID-19 by using a Japanese inpatient and outpatient claims database. Methods We identified patients with COVID-19 from 1 January 2020 to 30 January 2023 by using a Japanese inpatient and outpatient claims database. We also identified those who developed shingles and received antiviral drugs within 90 days before or after their COVID-19 diagnosis. Using self-controlled case series methods, we evaluated the relationship between shingles and COVID-19. We calculated the incidence rate ratio (IRR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] for shingles during the buffer period (days –35 to –7), pre-exposure period (days –6 to 0), and risk periods of the first and second, third and fourth, and fifth and sixth weeks following COVID-19 infection compared with a control period outside these intervals. Results Among 399 381 patients with COVID-19, 558 were diagnosed with shingles. The IRR was significantly elevated during the first and second (5.1, 95% CI 3.9–6.6), third and fourth (1.7, 95% CI 1.2–2.5), and fifth and sixth weeks (1.5, 95% CI 1.0–2.3) compared with a control period. Conclusion This study of a Japanese inpatient and outpatient database reveals a relationship between shingles and COVID-19, indicating that shingles may be a characteristic of the virus and highlighting the need for varicella-zoster vaccination alongside SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 era.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the effectiveness of the human papillomavirus vaccination programme in England, using a regression discontinuity design","authors":"Isobel L Ward, Charlotte R Bermingham, Kate Soldan, Vahé Nafilyan","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf156","url":null,"abstract":"Background In England, the national human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization programme was introduced in 2008 to prevent cervical cancer. Girls aged 12–13 years were offered routine vaccination and those aged 14–18 years in 2008 were offered ‘catch-up’ vaccination. We evaluate the effect of the HPV catch-up vaccination programmes on cervical cancer and cervical dysplasia diagnoses, and provide an estimate of the vaccine effectiveness. Methods Using the 2011 Census, Hospital Episode Statistics, and mortality data for the population of England, we exploit the cut-off in eligibility and apply a regression discontinuity design to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on cervical disease. Results Vaccination reduced the incidence of cervical dysplasia and cancer diagnoses by 31% and 75%, respectively, at ages 23–30 years in girls offered catch-up vaccination at ages 17–18 years compared with those who were just above the eligibility age for the catch-up vaccination, with a clear discontinuity. Reductions continued amongst girls offered routine vaccination. Conclusion These estimates, obtained by using a quasi-experimental approach, are similar to vaccine effectiveness estimates based on more traditional approaches. This approach provides further evidence of the HPV vaccination programme reducing adverse cervical outcomes in young women and could be used for future studies to evaluate major changes in HPV vaccination policy and for studies of longer-term outcomes including other cancers and deaths.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145127772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Confounding mechanisms and adjustment strategies in air pollution epidemiology: a case study assessment with the UK Biobank cohort.","authors":"Jacopo Vanoli, Lina Madaniyazi, Massimo Stafoggia, Chris Fook Sheng Ng, Antonio Gasparrini","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf163","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cohort studies are instrumental in examining long-term risks associated with environmental exposures but require appropriate control for various confounding effects. In this contribution, we assessed this issue by investigating the relationship between fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and mortality in a UK-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed data from half a million adults in the UK Biobank linked with time-varying individual-level exposure data and followed up during the period 2006-21. The assessment focused on confounding related to spatial and temporal patterns as well as due to measurable variables, including both contextual and individual-level factors. We performed an evaluation consisting of descriptive analyses, specification and interpretation of direct acyclic graphs (DAGs), and comparison of results from survival models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found correlations between PM2.5 exposure and mortality rates across time, geographical areas, and categories of measurable variables. The DAG indicated complex causal pathways and the need to adjust for a wide set of potential confounders. The regression analysis confirmed these patterns: the fully adjusted model estimated a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06-1.49) per 10 μg/m3 increments in PM2.5, but the association reversed to 0.82 (0.76-0.87) when excluding control for recruitment centre, suggesting strong spatial confounding. Calendar time showed stronger confounding effects compared to age. Area-level socio-economic indicators were more important than individual-level counterparts, while lack of control for lifestyle factors led to a noticeable overestimation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case-study illustration elucidates various confounding mechanisms in cohort studies on environmental risks and offers a critical evaluation of alternative adjustment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The joint impact of greenspace and air pollution on mortality: a nationwide study in Finland.","authors":"Matti Koivuranta, Marko Korhonen, Ina Rissanen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Greenspace has been linked to reduced mortality while air pollution has been associated with increased mortality. We examined whether the joint association of greenspace and air pollution on mortality varies across ages, sexes, educational levels, urban and rural environments, and differential levels of both exposures in a nationwide population of Finland.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized routinely collected individual-level register data from Statistics Finland encompassing all citizens aged 30 years or older in 2000 (N = 3 003 519), followed until 2019. Greenspace was measured using the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and air pollution by the concentration of fine particulate matter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess linear and non-linear associations between EVI, PM2.5, and mortality. Age was modeled flexibly with a natural cubic spline with four knots. Analyses were stratified by sex, educational level, and urbanicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both EVI and PM2.5 were independently associated with mortality (EVI: HR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98-0.99 per IQR; PM2.5: HR 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), with evidence of an interaction between the two (EVI × PM2.5: HR 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99-0.99). The joint association varied across age, sex, education, urbanicity, and the level of both exposures. PM2.5 was primarily linearly associated with increased mortality, accounting for EVI. In contrast, the relationship between EVI and mortality was less linear and more variable.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Expanding greenspace may be most beneficial in areas where it is limited and where air pollution levels are high.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile Update: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)-Waves 5 and 6.","authors":"Siobhan Scarlett, Ann Monaghan, Sinead McLoughlin, Ann Hever, Cathal McCrory, Mark Ward, Christine A McGarrigle, Rose Anne Kenny","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf158","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What would we learn from empirical evaluations of epidemiologic methods?","authors":"Jeremy A Labrecque","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf155","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}