International journal of epidemiology最新文献

Causal diagrams for disease latency bias. 疾病潜伏期偏差的因果图。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae111

Mahyar Etminan, Ramin Rezaeianzadeh, Mohammad A Mansournia

{"title":"Causal diagrams for disease latency bias.","authors":"Mahyar Etminan, Ramin Rezaeianzadeh, Mohammad A Mansournia","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyae111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Disease latency is defined as the time from disease initiation to disease diagnosis. Disease latency bias (DLB) can arise in epidemiological studies that examine latent outcomes, since the exact timing of the disease inception is unknown and might occur before exposure initiation, potentially leading to bias. Although DLB can affect epidemiological studies that examine different types of chronic disease (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, cancer etc), the manner by which DLB can introduce bias into these studies has not been previously elucidated. Information on the specific types of bias, and their structure, that can arise secondary to DLB is critical for researchers, to enable better understanding and control for DLB.Development: Here we describe four scenarios by which DLB can introduce bias (through different structures) into epidemiological studies that address latent outcomes, using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We also discuss potential strategies to better understand, examine and control for DLB in these studies.Application: Using causal diagrams, we show that disease latency bias can affect results of epidemiological studies through: (i) unmeasured confounding; (ii) reverse causality; (iii) selection bias; (iv) bias through a mediator.Conclusion: Disease latency bias is an important bias that can affect a number of epidemiological studies that address latent outcomes. Causal diagrams can assist researchers better identify and control for this bias.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The midlife health of only children: chronic disease indicators and biomarkers by sibship size in three nationally representative UK cohorts. 独生子女的中年健康：英国三个具有全国代表性的队列中按兄弟姐妹人数分列的慢性病指标和生物标志物。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae119

Jenny Chanfreau, Katherine Keenan, Kieron Barclay, Alice Goisis

{"title":"The midlife health of only children: chronic disease indicators and biomarkers by sibship size in three nationally representative UK cohorts.","authors":"Jenny Chanfreau, Katherine Keenan, Kieron Barclay, Alice Goisis","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae119","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae119","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite persistent concerns about only children's disadvantage relative to individuals with siblings, existing health-related evidence is inconsistent. Recent evidence from Nordic countries about only children having poorer health outcomes may not apply elsewhere because selection processes differ across contexts. We investigate the midlife health of only children in the UK where one-child families tend to be socio-economically advantaged relative to large families.Methods: Using the 1946, 1958 and 1970 British birth cohort studies, we examine various biomarkers and self-reported measures of chronic disease by sibship size when respondents are aged in their mid-40s, mid-50s and mid-60s. We estimate separate linear probability models for each cohort, age and outcome, adjusting for childhood and early adulthood circumstances.Results: We found no evidence of only children differing from those with one, two or three or more siblings, at any age, in any of the cohorts, on: heart problems, hypertension, high triglycerides, high glycated haemoglobin or high C-reactive protein. However, compared with only children, the probability for cancer (0.019, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.002, 0.035; age 46/1970) and poor general health (0.060, CI: 0.015, 0.127; age 55/1958; and 0.110, CI: 0.052, 0.168; age 63/1946) was higher among those with three or more siblings.Conclusions: There is no consistent pattern of only child health disadvantage for midlife chronic disease outcomes across ages or cohorts in the UK. Research should focus on better understanding how sibship size differentials are contingent on context.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11371166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142125683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pregnancy complications and new-onset maternal autoimmune disease. 妊娠并发症和新发孕产妇自身免疫性疾病。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae115

Natalie V Scime, Sonia M Grandi, Joel G Ray, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Mary A De Vera, Hailey R Banack, Simone N Vigod, Alexa Boblitz, Hilary K Brown

{"title":"Pregnancy complications and new-onset maternal autoimmune disease.","authors":"Natalie V Scime, Sonia M Grandi, Joel G Ray, Cindy-Lee Dennis, Mary A De Vera, Hailey R Banack, Simone N Vigod, Alexa Boblitz, Hilary K Brown","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae115","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Autoimmune diseases disproportionately impact women and female-specific aspects of reproduction are thought to play a role. We investigated the time-varying association between pregnancy complications and new-onset autoimmune disease in females during the reproductive and midlife years.Methods: We conducted a population-based cohort study of 1 704 553 singleton births to 1 072 445 females in Ontario, Canada (2002-17) with no pre-existing autoimmune disease. Pregnancy complications were preeclampsia, stillbirth, spontaneous preterm birth and severe small for gestational age (SGA). Royston-Parmar models were used to estimate the time-varying association between pregnancy complications and a composite of 25 autoimmune diseases from date of delivery to date of autoimmune disease diagnosis or censoring at death, loss of health insurance, or 31 March 2021. Models were adjusted for baseline socio-demographics, parity and comorbidities.Results: At 19 years (median = 10.9 years of follow-up), cumulative incidence of autoimmune disease was 3.1% in those with a pregnancy complication and 2.6% in those without complications. Adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) curves as a function of time since birth were generally L-shaped. Universally, risks were most elevated within the first 3 years after birth [at 1 year: preeclampsia AHR 1.22, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-1.36; stillbirth AHR 1.36, 95% CI 0.99-1.85; spontaneous preterm birth AHR 1.30, 95% CI 1.18-1.44; severe SGA AHR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99-1.31] and plateaued but remained elevated thereafter.Conclusions: Prior history of pregnancy complications may be an important female-specific risk factor to consider during clinical assessment of females for possible autoimmune disease to facilitate timely detection and treatment.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11349189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142080273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association of conventional cigarette smoking, heated tobacco product use and dual use with hypertension. 传统吸烟、加热烟草制品使用和双重使用与高血压的关系。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae114

Huan Hu, Tohru Nakagawa, Toru Honda, Shuichiro Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue

{"title":"Association of conventional cigarette smoking, heated tobacco product use and dual use with hypertension.","authors":"Huan Hu, Tohru Nakagawa, Toru Honda, Shuichiro Yamamoto, Tetsuya Mizoue","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae114","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae114","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Heated tobacco products (HTPs) have emerged as alternatives to conventional cigarettes. However, their health effects remain largely unknown. This study aimed to prospectively explore the association between the use of cigarettes and HTPs and the risk of hypertension.Methods: This cohort study analysed data from 30 152 workers (82.0% men, mean age 42.9 ± 11.0 years) who were initially free of hypertension, participating in the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. Participants were categorized into five groups based on their self-reported tobacco product use: never smokers, past smokers, exclusive cigarette smokers, exclusive HTP users and dual users of cigarettes and HTPs. Hypertension cases were identified using three data points from annual health checkup data collected between 2019 and 2021. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association between tobacco product use and hypertension.Results: During a mean follow-up of 2.6 years (range: 0.1-4.0 years), 3656 new cases of hypertension were identified. Compared with never smokers, the risk of hypertension was higher among exclusive cigarette smokers [hazard ratio (HR) 1.26, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13-1.41] and exclusive HTP users (HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06-1.34). There was also a suggestion of increased risk of hypertension among dual users (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.98-1.38). Furthermore, the risk of hypertension increased with the intensity of cigarette/HTP use in all tobacco product users.Conclusions: Similarly, both cigarette smoking and HTP use elevate the risk of hypertension. HTPs should not be regarded as less harmful alternatives to traditional cigarettes for preventing hypertension.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11341126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142035824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A cautionary note on the recently proposed ICE Falcon method. 关于最近提出的 ICE Falcon 方法的警示说明。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae131

Arvid Sjölander, Thomas Frisell

引用次数: 0

Faltering mortality improvements at young-middle ages in high-income English-speaking countries. 高收入英语国家中青年死亡率的下降。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae128

Sergey Timonin, David A Leon, Emily Banks, Tim Adair, Vladimir Canudas-Romo

{"title":"Faltering mortality improvements at young-middle ages in high-income English-speaking countries.","authors":"Sergey Timonin, David A Leon, Emily Banks, Tim Adair, Vladimir Canudas-Romo","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae128","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae128","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, stagnating life expectancy trends were reported in some high-income countries (HICs). Despite previous evidence from country-specific studies, there is a lack of comparative research that provides a broader perspective and challenges existing assumptions. This study aims to examine longevity trends and patterns in six English-speaking countries (Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States) by combining period and cohort perspectives and to compare them with other HICs.Methods: Using data from the Human Mortality and World Health Organization Mortality Databases, we estimated partial life expectancy, lifespan inequality and cohort survival differences for 1970-2021, as well as the contribution of causes of death to the gap in life expectancy between English-speaking countries and the average for other HICs in 2017-19.Results: In the pre-pandemic period, the increase in life expectancy slowed in all English-speaking countries, except Ireland, mainly due to stagnating or rising mortality at young-middle ages. Relative to other HICs, those born in Anglophone countries since the 1970s experienced relative survival disadvantage, largely attributable to injuries (mainly suicides) and substance-related mortality (mainly poisonings). In contrast, older cohorts enjoyed advantages for females in Australia and Canada and for males in all English-speaking countries except the United States.Conclusions: Although future gains in life expectancy in wealthy societies will increasingly depend on reducing mortality at older ages, adverse health trends at younger ages are a cause for concern. This emerging and avoidable threat to health equity in English-speaking countries should be the focus of further research and policy action.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11457459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cohort Profile: The Pearl River Cohort Study. 队列简介：珠江队列研究。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae112

Ying Wang, Zhicheng Du, Wangjian Zhang, Xiaowen Wang, Xiao Lin, Yu Liu, Yu Deng, Dingmei Zhang, Jing Gu, Lin Xu, Yuantao Hao

引用次数: 0

Data Resource Profile: Add Health Mortality Outcomes Surveillance. 数据资源简介：添加健康死亡率结果监测。

IF 7.7 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae121

Elizabeth M Lawrence,Elyssa A Trani,Kurtis M Anthony,Robert A Hummer,Tiffany Jensen,Sylvie Tuder,Laura R Loehr,Kathleen Mullan Harris,Eric A Whitsel

引用次数: 0

Midlife health in Britain and the United States: a comparison of two nationally representative cohorts. 英国和美国的中年健康状况：两个具有全国代表性的队列比较。

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae127

Charis Bridger Staatz, Iliya Gutin, Andrea Tilstra, Laura Gimeno, Bettina Moltrecht, Dario Moreno-Agostino, Vanessa Moulton, Martina K Narayanan, Jennifer B Dowd, Lauren Gaydosh, George B Ploubidis

{"title":"Midlife health in Britain and the United States: a comparison of two nationally representative cohorts.","authors":"Charis Bridger Staatz, Iliya Gutin, Andrea Tilstra, Laura Gimeno, Bettina Moltrecht, Dario Moreno-Agostino, Vanessa Moulton, Martina K Narayanan, Jennifer B Dowd, Lauren Gaydosh, George B Ploubidis","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Older adults in the USA have worse health and wider socioeconomic inequalities in health compared with those in Britain. Less is known about how health in the two countries compares in mid-life, a time of emerging health decline, including inequalities in health.Methods: We compare measures of current regular smoking status, obesity, self-rated health, cholesterol, blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin using population-weighted modified Poisson regression in the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70) in Britain (N = 9665) and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) in the USA (N = 12 300), when cohort members were aged 34-46 and 33-43, respectively. We test whether associations vary by early- and mid-life socioeconomic position.Results: US adults had higher levels of obesity, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Prevalence of poor self-rated health and current regular smoking was worse in Britain. We found smaller socioeconomic inequalities in mid-life health in Britain compared with the USA. For some outcomes (e.g. smoking), the most socioeconomically advantaged group in the USA was healthier than the equivalent group in Britain. For other outcomes (hypertension and cholesterol), the most advantaged US group fared equal to or worse than the most disadvantaged groups in Britain.Conclusions: US adults have worse cardiometabolic health than British counterparts, even in early mid-life. The smaller socioeconomic inequalities and better overall health in Britain may reflect differences in access to health care, welfare systems or other environmental risk factors.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11446604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food, health, and climate change: can epidemiologists contribute further? 食物、健康和气候变化：流行病学家能否做出进一步贡献？

IF 6.4 2区医学

International journal of epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyae109

Walter Willett, Marco Springmann

引用次数: 0