International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Education and cardiovascular disease: a within-family Mendelian randomization analysis.","authors":"Paul R Jones, Laxmi Bhatta, Laurence J Howe, María Fernanda Vinueza-Veloz, Neil M Davies, George Davey Smith, Øyvind E Næss, Ben M Brumpton","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Observational studies have consistently found educational inequalities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses have suggested a direct causal effect of education; however, estimates may be biased by demography or dynastic effects. This study aimed to estimate the effects of educational attainment on CVD risk and serum lipid concentrations before and after accounting for family structure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 26 961 siblings from the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) and 23 640 siblings from UK Biobank, and used data on >120 000 individuals, predominantly of European ancestry, from a recent international within-sibship genome-wide association study. The exposure was educational attainment. The outcomes were CVD risk and serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Standard and within-sibship MR analyses were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the summary data analysis, there was a 6% lower risk of CVD [odds ratio (OR) 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92 to 0.96] for each additional standard deviation of liability to educational attainment. This was consistent having accounted for family structure (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.01). Educational attainment was also beneficially associated with each serum lipid concentration both before and after accounting for family structure. Results were broadly similar in the individual participant analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a protective effect of educational attainment on CVD risk and a beneficial effect on serum lipid concentrations not due to familial factors shared by siblings, suggesting that increasing education may be beneficial for cardiovascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reanalysis of the bidirectional association between vitamin D and C-reactive protein using the doubly-ranked non-linear Mendelian randomization approach.","authors":"Ang Zhou, Elina Hyppönen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf166","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty years of investigations of childhood leukaemia 'clusters' near nuclear installations.","authors":"Richard Wakeford","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf174","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145148778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Gabon: an application of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models within an interrupted time series (ITS) framework to hospital-based data.","authors":"Friederike Roeder, Olouyomi Scherif Adegnika, Yabo Josiane Honkpehedji, Manuel Huth, Bertrand Lell, Ayôla Akim Adegnika, Iris Lopes-Rafegas, Elisa Sicuri","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf140","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coinciding with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, malaria cases and malaria-related deaths increased globally between 2020 and 2022. However, evidence linking the pandemic to increased malaria burden remains ambiguous. We assessed the extent to which an observed malaria resurgence in Lambaréné, Gabon, can be associated with pandemic-related disruptions in malaria control programmes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using observational data from two tertiary referral hospitals, spanning 2018 to early 2023, we applied autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models in an interrupted time series (ITS) framework to test for changes in trends and levels following the onset of the pandemic. The primary outcome is the monthly malaria diagnosis rate (per 1000 all-cause hospital diagnoses). As a sub-analysis, we focused on monthly maternal malaria incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Following an initial drop (-47.32, P = 0.031), potentially due to risk-averse behaviours, the malaria diagnosis rate gradually and concavely increased (linear term: 7.32, P = 0.001; squared term: -0.19, P = 0.001) to a peak above pre-pandemic levels. Additional analyses suggest that this resurgence was likely driven by disruptions to malaria control activities and a waning efficacy of malaria control tools administered pre-pandemic. Conversely, a resurgence in maternal malaria incidence was not estimated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings align with several national and global descriptive reports, but add a more detailed understanding of underlying dynamics, therefore reinforcing the importance of maintaining malaria control in the general population. The absence of a meaningful increase in maternal malaria provides some reassurance that malaria in pregnancy-specific control remained unchanged during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, observed peaks in post-pandemic maternal malaria incidence should raise concerns given the risks that malaria poses to this group.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No evidence for the validity of ICE FALCON.","authors":"Arvid Sjölander, Thomas Frisell","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf159","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145123968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating potential associations between prior maternal yellow fever vaccination and protection against infant adverse outcomes following Zika virus antenatal exposure.","authors":"Everton Falcão de Oliveira, Cláudia Du Bocage Santos-Pinto, Fabio Antonio Venancio, Maria Eulina Quilião, Sanny Cerqueira de Oliveira Gabeira, Amanda Torrentes de Carvalho, Silvia Helena Dos Santos Leite, Sheila Maria Barbosa de Lima, Nathalia Dos Santos Alves, Luma da Cruz Moura, Waleska Dias Schwarcz, Adriana de Souza Azevedo, Luiz Henrique Ferraz Demarchi, Marina Castilhos Souza Umaki Zardin, Gislene Garcia de Castro Lichs, Deborah Ledesma Taira, Wagner de Souza Fernandes, Natália Oliveira Alves, Aline Etelvina Casaril Arrua, Ana Isabel do Nascimento, Lisany Krug Mareto, Micael Viana de Azevedo, Camila Guadeluppe Maciel, Márcio José de Medeiros, Zilton Vasconcelos, Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha, Karin Nielsen-Saines","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf147","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in Brazil, regional disparities in yellow fever (YF) vaccination coverage and microcephaly incidence led to the hypothesis that maternal YF vaccination could protect against ZIKV infection and microcephaly.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-cohort study was conducted in Campo Grande, Brazil, from 2018 to 2022 and included children with confirmed in utero ZIKV exposure (2015-2018) and a matched control group, totaling 129 mother-child dyads. Maternal blood samples were collected to assess ZIKV exposure and neutralizing YF vaccine-induced antibody (NAb) titers. Associations between YF NAb titer, congenital anomalies, and infant neurodevelopmental delay were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean YF NAb titers differed between ZIKV-exposed and unexposed mothers (P = .011) and between mothers of children with and without microcephaly (P = .037). Congenital anomalies were associated with lower YF NAb titers (P < .001), prenatal ZIKV exposure (P = .001), and lower family income (P < .001). Neurodevelopmental delay was associated with prenatal ZIKV exposure [adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.35, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.65-13.03], prenatal care with at least six visits (aOR: 0.22, CI: 0.06-0.78), and adequate or large for gestational age birth weight (aOR: 0.09, CI: 0.01-0.44).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Differences in maternal YF NAb titers by ZIKV exposure and microcephaly suggest a potential protective effect of YF vaccination against ZIKV acquisition and/or development of microcephaly, which should be investigated. Developmental delay, although not associated with maternal YF immunity, was associated with antenatal ZIKV exposure, less prenatal care visits, and being small for gestational age.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial.","authors":"Eric A Miller, Claire S Zhu, Neeraj Saxena, Philip C Prorok, Wen-Yi Huang, Steven C Moore, Amanda Black, Jerome Mabie, Tom Riley, Michael Young, Paul F Pinsky","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local progress towards achieving the End TB targets in Ethiopia: a geospatial analysis.","authors":"Haileab Fekadu Wolde, Archie C A Clements, Kefyalew Addis Alene","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf157","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf157","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Country-level estimates can mask local geographic variations in progress toward achieving World Health Organization's End TB targets. This study aimed to identify spatial variations in progress toward achieving the TB incidence reduction target at a district level in Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Bayesian linear regression model with a conditional autoregressive prior structure was developed to identify drivers of spatial variations in TB incidence reduction across districts and to identify spatial patterns and variations in TB incidence reduction across Ethiopia from 2015 to 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The national average TB incidence reduction was 31%. Ten out of 14 regions achieved a reduction of >20% in TB incidence. Out of 641 districts, 395 (61.6%) met the 20% reduction target, predominantly in the Oromia, Amhara, and South Ethiopia regions. Spatial clustering of decreased incidence reduction was noted in the Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Somali regions. Factors associated with the percentage reduction in TB incidence include a 1% increase in the proportion of individuals with good TB knowledge [β: 4.23%; 95% credible interval (CrI): 1.6, 6.9], a 1-unit increase in the TB service readiness index (β: 3.41%; 95% CrI: 0.89, 6.1), and a 1-km increase in the distance from the international border (β: 2.63%; 95% CrI: 0.02, 5.10).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Geographic disparities in TB incidence reduction persist in Ethiopia, with only some districts achieving the national reduction targets. Targeted interventions, such as improving TB service readiness and enhancing awareness through education, are crucial to addressing these gaps, particularly in regions such as Afar, Benishangul-Gumuz, and Somali.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12410925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile Update: The Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study) 2023 update.","authors":"Taku Obara, Mami Ishikuro, Aoi Noda, Keiko Murakami, Masatsugu Orui, Genki Shinoda, Fumihiko Ueno, Fumiko Matsuzaki, Tomomi Onuma, Hiroko Matsubara, Hirohito Metoki, Masahiro Kikuya, Rieko Hatanaka, Ippei Chiba, Kumi Nakaya, Mana Kogure, Naoki Nakaya, Junichi Sugawara, Shigeo Kure, Mika Kobayashi, Tomoko Kobayashi, Yoichi Suzuki, Hiroshi Kawame, Mika Sakurai-Yageta, Sachiko Nagase, Naoki Nakamura, Tomohiro Nakamura, Satoshi Mizuno, Satoshi Nagaie, Soichi Ogishima, Akira Narita, Gen Tamiya, Sachie Koreeda, Fuji Nagami, Toru Tamahara, Maki Goto, Akihito Otsuki, Makiko Taira, Takanori Hidaka, Junko Kawashima, Eiichi N Kodama, Akira Uruno, Yohei Hamanaka, Hiroaki Tomita, Hiroaki Hashizume, Kenichi Noguchi, Fumiki Katsuoka, Seizo Koshiba, Kazuki Kumada, Takahiro Nobukuni, Kinuko Ohneda, Shunji Mugikura, Ritsuko Shimizu, Masataka Kambe, Yoshinobu Saito, Tadao Kobayashi, Yoko Izumi, Kengo Kinoshita, Nobuo Fuse, Nobuo Yaegashi, Atsushi Hozawa, Masayuki Yamamoto, Shinichi Kuriyama","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf148","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile Update: The 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) study after 24 years of follow-up.","authors":"Carmen de la Fuente-Arrillaga, Silvia Carlos, Estefanía Toledo, María Barbería-Latasa, Cristina Razquin, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Alfredo Gea, Miguel A Martínez-González, Maira Bes-Rastrollo","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf149","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12396810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}