International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Metabolic transition from childhood to adulthood based on two decades of biochemical time series in three longitudinal cohorts.","authors":"Ville-Petteri Mäkinen, Mika Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Nina Hutri, Tapani Rönnemaa, Jorma Viikari, Katja Pahkala, Suvi Rovio, Harri Niinikoski, Juha Mykkänen, Olli Raitakari, Mika Ala-Korpela","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This is the first large-scale longitudinal study of children that describes the temporal trajectories of an extensive collection of metabolic measures that are relevant for lifelong cardiometabolic risk. We also provide a comprehensive picture on how metabolism develops into mature adult sex-specific phenotypes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Children born in 1962-92 were recruited by three European studies (n = 20 377 eligible). Biochemical data for ages 0-26 years were available for n = 14 958 participants (n = 8385 with metabolomics). Age associations for 168 metabolic measures (6 physiological traits, 6 clinical biomarkers, and 156 serum metabolomics measures) were determined by using curvilinear regression. Puberty effects were calculated by using logistic regression of biological sex for pre- and post-pubertal age strata.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Age-specific concentrations were reported for all measures. Nonlinear age associations were typical, including insulin (R2 = 20.7% ±0.6% variance explained ±SE), glycerol (13.3% ±1.3%), glycoprotein acetyls (40.3% ±1.5%), and branched-chain amino acids (19.5% ±1.6%). Apolipoprotein B was not associated with age (0.7% ±0.4%). Multivariate modeling indicated that boys diverged from girls metabolically during ages 13-17 years. Puberty effects were observed for large high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 8.5 × 10-288), leucine (P < 2.3 × 10-308), glutamine (P < 2.3 × 10-308), albumin (P = 1.7 × 10-161), docosahexaenoic acid (P = 5.2 × 10-50), and sphingomyelin (P = 4.4 × 10-90).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Novel associations between emerging cardiometabolic risk factors, such as amino acids and glycoprotein acetyls, and growth and puberty were observed. Conversely, apolipoprotein B was stable, which favors its utility for early assessments of lifetime cardiovascular risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947525/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143718831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: Basse Health and Demographic Surveillance System, the Gambia.","authors":"Esu S Ezeani, Sarwar Gollam, Nuredin Mohammed, Anna Roca, Jahangir Hossain, Ilias Hossain, Aji Kumba Saine, Umberto D'Alessandro, Grant Mackenzie","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf021","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Resource Profile: Nivel Primary Care Database (Nivel-PCD), The Netherlands.","authors":"Joost W Vanhommerig, Robert A Verheij, Karin Hek, Lotte Ramerman, Mariëtte Hooiveld, Nienke J Veldhuijzen, Renee Veldkamp, Carliene van Dronkelaar, Foekje F Stelma, Bart J Knottnerus, Willemijn M Meijer, Jeroen Hasselaar, Lucy I Overbeek","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf017","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11906400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software Application Profile: CaseCohortCoxSurvival-an R package for case-cohort inference for relative hazard and pure risk under the Cox model.","authors":"Lola Etiévant, Mitchell H Gail","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Motivation: </strong>The case-cohort design only requires covariate measurements for individuals experiencing the outcome of interest (cases) and individuals in a subcohort randomly selected from the cohort. Stratified subcohort sampling and calibration of the design weights increase efficiency of relative hazard and pure risk estimates, but require specifically adapted variance estimators. Yet, the 'robust' variance formula is often inappropriately used with stratified case-cohort data. Also, weight calibration and pure risk estimation are underused, possibly because of the lack of convenient software.</p><p><strong>Implementation: </strong>An influence-based method for inference of case-cohort Cox model relative hazards and pure risks is implemented in the CaseCohortCoxSurvival R package.</p><p><strong>General features: </strong>CaseCohortCoxSurvival allows estimation of parameter and variance of Cox model relative hazards and pure risks from case-cohort data. It can handle stratified subcohort sampling and calibrate the design weights. Both features are properly accounted for in the variance estimation.</p><p><strong>Availability: </strong>CaseCohortCoxSurvival is available on the Comprehensive R Archive Network at [https://cran.r-project.org/package=CaseCohortCoxSurvival].</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11882301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factorial Mendelian randomization of lipoprotein (a) lowering, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering, and lifestyle improvements: joint associations with cardiovascular risk.","authors":"Lijuan Wang, Fangyuan Jiang, Jing Sun, Jianhui Zhao, Yazhou He, Dipender Gill, Stephen Burgess, Susanna C Larsson, Shuai Yuan, Xue Li","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf020","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] have been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, the effects of Lp(a)-lowering therapy in combination with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering treatment or lifestyle improvements on CVD risk remain unexplored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a factorial Mendelian randomization study among 385 917 participants in the UK Biobank. Separate genetic scores were constructed to proxy the effects of Lp(a) lowering, LDL-C lowering through different targets [HMG-CoA reductase, NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin Type 9, and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)], as well as improvements in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and lifestyle factors (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical activity).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically predicted lower Lp(a) levels were associated with a decreased risk of CVD and CVD-specific mortality. Per 50-mg/dl, the hazard ratio ranged from 0.73 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73, 0.73] for peripheral artery disease (PAD) to 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92, 0.99) for venous thromboembolism. In factorial analyses exploring combined exposure to low-level Lp(a) and low-level LDL-C, there was no consistent evidence for departure from an additive model for any outcome (Pinteraction > .05), with the exception of the analysis using the LDLR score and PAD (Pinteraction = .006). In factorial analyses exploring combination therapies integrating Lp(a) lowering with interventions on BMI, SBP, and lifestyle factors, there was no evidence for departure from an additive model in any analysis (Pinteraction > .05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that Lp(a) lowering will have a similar magnitude for reducing cardiovascular events whether it is considered alone, or in conjunction with LDL-C reduction or lifestyle improvements.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11893152/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143596884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Resource Profile Update: The Opioid Agonist Treatment and Safety II (OATS II) Study, 2001-22, New South Wales, Australia.","authors":"Nicola Jones, Fathima Nimnaz Ghouse, Amy Gibson, Duong Thuy Tran, Thomas Santo, Chrianna Bharat, Michael Farrell, Louisa Degenhardt","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuberculosis: an under-recognized cause of COPD? Solving the post-TB lung disease puzzle, one piece at a time.","authors":"Dominik Zenner, Adrian R Martineau","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf033","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term effect of pharmacological treatment on academic achievement of Norwegian children diagnosed with ADHD: a target trial emulation.","authors":"Tomás Varnet Pérez, Kristin Romvig Øvergaard, Arnoldo Frigessi, Guido Biele","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in children. For many patients, treatment involves long-term medication in order to reduce symptoms, regulate behaviour, and, hopefully, improve school performance and achievement. However, there is little to no evidence to support a long-term effect on the latter complex outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We utilize a target trial framework to emulate a pretest-posttest control group design and estimate the intention-to-treat effect of ADHD medication on national test scores in children diagnosed with ADHD born between 2000 and 2007 in Norway. The data were obtained through linkage of Norwegian registries (NorPD, Norwegian Prescription Database; NPR, Norwegian Patient Registry; KUHR, Database for Control and Payment of Health Reimbursement; SSB, Statistics Norway; MBRN, Medical Birth Registry of Norway).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The resulting analytic sample size consisted of 8548 children diagnosed with ADHD, with about 9% missingness in their grade eight national test scores. We find that initiating ADHD medication had a slight positive average effect on national test scores for all three domains: English, numeracy, and reading [standardized mean differences: 0.037 (95% compatibility interval (CI95), -0.003; 0.076), 0.063 (CI95, 0.016; 0.111), 0.071 (CI95, 0.030; 0.111), respectively].</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that the estimated long-term average effect of ADHD medication on learning, as measured by the Norwegian national tests, is not clinically relevant. Study strengths include the use of real-world data on ecologically valid and relevant outcomes and the robustness of results across model specifications. Limitations include possibility of unobserved confounding and lack of prescription data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease after a tuberculosis episode in a large, population-based cohort from Eastern China.","authors":"Jianbing Wang, Luhua Yu, Zongming Yang, Peng Shen, Yexiang Sun, Liming Shui, Mengling Tang, Mingjuan Jin, Bin Chen, Yang Ge, Hongbo Lin, Ye Shen, Kun Chen, Leonardo Martinez","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyae174","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyae174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although smoking is considered the primary cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is a growing realization that there may be important secondary risk factors. Tuberculosis may lead to lung impairment; however, whether residual lung damage results in clinically significant, long-term outcomes, independent of smoking, has not been well studied. We aimed to investigate the association between tuberculosis and the subsequent development of COPD using a large, population-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal cohort study within the Chinese Electronic Health Records Research in Yinzhou study between 2009 and 2021. We followed participants free of COPD at the beginning of the study, and investigated whether previous or current tuberculosis was an important risk factor. Tuberculosis was recorded based on the Chinese National Disease Reporting system which includes all diagnosed cases at the city, provincial and national levels. We assessed the relationship between tuberculosis and COPD using multivariable survival models, adjusting for demographic and lifestyle characteristics, education level, comorbidities and use of medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 477 046 participants, 198 882 were eligible for inclusion in our analysis. In a multivariable model, pulmonary tuberculosis and all tuberculosis were associated with a 2.57-fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 2.31-2.87)] and 1.67-fold (95% CI, 1.48-1.90) increased COPD risk, respectively. Stronger associations of pulmonary tuberculosis and all tuberculosis with COPD were seen in participants who were elderly, or with lower body mass index or education level (Pinteraction<0.001). People with tuberculosis were at an increased risk of COPD if they were current smokers [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.40; 95% CI, 1.02-1.93] or non-smokers (aHR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.50-1.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Persons who developed tuberculosis were at much greater risk of developing COPD, even accounting for smoking and other potential confounders.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four targets: an enhanced framework for guiding causal inference from observational data","authors":"Haidong Lu, Fan Li, Catherine R Lesko, David S Fink, Kara E Rudolph, Michael O Harhay, Christopher T Rentsch, David A Fiellin, Gregg S Gonsalves","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf003","url":null,"abstract":"Observational studies play an increasingly important role in estimating causal effects of a treatment or an exposure, especially with the growing availability of routinely collected real-world data. To facilitate drawing causal inference from observational data, we introduce a conceptual framework centered around “four targets”—target estimand, target population, target trial, and target validity. We illustrate the utility of our proposed “four targets” framework with the example of buprenorphine dosing for treating opioid use disorder, explaining the rationale and process for employing the framework to guide causal thinking from observational data. The “four targets” framework is beneficial for those new to epidemiologic research, enabling them to grasp fundamental concepts and acquire the skills necessary for drawing reliable causal inferences from observational data.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}