International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Body mass index and tuberculosis risk: an updated systematic literature review and dose-response meta-analysis.","authors":"Matthew J Saunders, J Peter Cegielski, Rebecca A Clark, Rein M G J Houben, C Finn McQuaid","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf154","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The relationship between nutritional status and tuberculosis is critically important but poorly understood. We extended a 2009 review characterizing the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and tuberculosis risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched for new studies published between 2009 and 2024 investigating BMI and tuberculosis risk in adults. We extracted estimates of risk in BMI categories, used resampling to assign a median BMI 'dose' within each category, and included these in one-stage dose-response meta-analyses, stratifying results by population group and country tuberculosis burden. We fitted linear models for comparability with the 2009 review and restricted cubic spline models to investigate nonlinear relationships and piecewise linear models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analyses showed an inverse dose-response relationship between BMI and tuberculosis risk across all populations in the full underweight to obese range (15.0-35.0 kg/m2). The spline and piecewise linear models showed a nonlinear relationship-in 22 general-population cohorts (n = 24 921 531), there was a steep per-unit reduction in risk for BMI of <25.0 kg/m2 [18.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 16.4-19.6], which decreased more gradually for BMI of ≥25.0 kg/m2 (6.9%, 95% CI: 4.6-9.2). In 18 cohorts of people with HIV (n = 162 609), the reduction was 15.3% for BMI of <23.0 kg/m2 (95% CI: 13.1-17.5) and 2.6% (95% CI: -3.1-7.9) for BMI of ≥23.0 kg/m2. In three cohorts of people with diabetes (n = 1 118 424), the reduction was 20.5% for BMI of <24.0 kg/m2 (95% CI: 18.4-22.6) and 13.4% (95% CI: 3.9-22.0) for BMI of ≥24.0 kg/m2. Based on the global BMI distribution, we estimated a relative risk of tuberculosis associated with undernutrition (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) of 5.0 (95% CI: 4.2-5.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results highlight the independent importance of nutritional status as a driver of the tuberculosis epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12417079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying disruptions to tuberculosis case detection in Brazilian states during the COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Melanie H Chitwood,Nicolas A Menzies,Patricia Bartholomay,Daniele Maria Pelissari,José Nildo de Barros Silva Júnior,Luiza Ohana Harada,Fernanda Dockhorn Costa Johansen,Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel,Marcia C Castro,Mauro Sanchez,Joshua L Warren,Ted Cohen","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf146","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDGlobally, tuberculosis (TB) surveillance and care were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. In Brazil, TB notification rates decreased in the first 2 years of the pandemic. There is a need for rigorous model-based methods to quantify the impact of health system disruptions on TB control. In this study, we aimed to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic affected both incidence and case detection in Brazilian states.METHODSWe used a Bayesian evidence synthesis model to estimate TB incidence and case detection rates over the period 2016-21 by using routinely collected case notification and mortality data. We then used a meta-regression framework to estimate factors associated with state-level rates of undiagnosed symptomatic TB.RESULTSWe found that the probability that an individual with symptomatic TB was diagnosed decreased in the majority of states in April 2020 (median = -10.4%age points, interquartile range = -6.6, -16.2). Incident TB decreased slightly in April 2020 and rebounded beginning in 2021. Together, this led to an increase in missed TB cases in nearly every state during the pandemic. Nationally, we estimate that there were 20 671 (95% credible interval: 19 249, 22 501) missed TB cases between April 2020 and December 2021.CONCLUSIONDisruptions to the Brazilian healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic prevented tens of thousands of individuals with symptomatic disease from receiving a TB diagnosis. While some Brazilian states recovered rapidly to pre-pandemic levels of TB case detection, many did not and the rates of missed TB cases remained high through 2021.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: Taiwan Kidney Outcome (TAKO) and Taiwan Kidney Outcome Omics (TAKOO) cohorts.","authors":"Ping-Hsun Wu, Ming-Yen Lin, Teng-Hui Huang, Yun-Shiuan Chuang, Yi-Chun Tsai, Szu-Chia Chen, I-Ching Kuo, Wei-Chung Tsai, Hsiu-Fen Lin, Tien-Ching Lee, Pei-Kang Liu, Yi-Wen Chiu, Jer-Ming Chang, Shang-Jyh Hwang, Mei-Chuan Kuo, Yi-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145000507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of missing data due to study dropout on longitudinal analysis inference using outcome-dependent sampling.","authors":"Melissa P Wilson, Kristine M Erlandson, Camille M Moore, Samantha MaWhinney","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Existing longitudinal cohort study data and associated biospecimen libraries provide abundant opportunities to efficiently examine new hypotheses through retrospective specimen testing. Outcome-dependent sampling (ODS) methods offer a powerful alternative to random sampling when testing all available specimens is not feasible or biospecimen preservation is desired. For repeated binary outcomes, a common ODS approach is to extend the case-control framework to the longitudinal setting.For ODS designs, we consider the impact of incomplete follow-up when missingness is completely at random (MCAR), missing at random (MAR), and missing not at random (MNAR). We further consider sampling from (i) complete cases, in which, in an attempt to maximize power, participants who dropped out before study completion were excluded; and (ii) all individuals, including those with incomplete follow-up.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Simulation studies based on the Advancing Clinical Therapeutics Globally HIV Infection, Aging, and Immune Function Long-Term Observational Study cohort were used to examine the impact of MCAR, MAR, and MNAR missingness, assuming specimens were sampled from either (i) complete cases; or (ii) all individuals. Three ODS analytical methods were considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When longitudinal data are MNAR, ODS methods exhibit bias similar to that seen in random sampling. MNAR and MAR bias is exacerbated when sampling only participants with complete follow-up. Simulations indicate that ODS analyses that include participants with incomplete follow-up are robust to MCAR and less biased by MAR missingness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dropout is common in longitudinal cohort studies. Investigators utilizing ODS methods must consider the effect of dropout in both the retrospective sampling design and analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145032958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Resource Profile: Genomic data in multiple British birth cohorts (1946-2001)-linkage with health, social, and environmental data from birth to old age.","authors":"Gemma Shireby, Tim T Morris, Andrew Wong, Nish Chaturvedi, George B Ploubidis, Emla Fitzsimmons, Alissa Goodman, Adelaida Sanchez-Galvez, Neil M Davies, Liam Wright, David Bann","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360837/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144873105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort profile: the Cancer Prevention Study-3 Gut and Oral Microbiome Substudy (GOMS).","authors":"Caroline Y Um, Rebecca A Hodge, Darcy R Millard, Elizabeth B Bain, Holly E Vins, Jasmine Southivongnorath, Melissa H Rittase, Maria H Moore, Marjorie L McCullough, Cari J Lichtman, Alpa V Patel","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf068","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Data Resource Profile: The Ningbo MATernity-CHild LinkEd databaSe Study (MATCHLESS).","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf164","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145091570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body mass index and gastric cancer risk: results from the Stomach Cancer Pooling Project Consortium.","authors":"Roberta Pastorino, Denise Pires Marafon, Angelica Valz Gris, Nicolò Lentini, Antonio Cristiano, Nuria Aragonés, Vicente Martín, David Zaridze, Dmistry Maximovich, Jesus Vioque, Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios, Reza Malekzadeh, Farhad Pourfarzi, Joshua Muscat, Mary H Ward, Charles S Rabkin, Eva Negri, Rossella Bonzi, Carlo Pelucchi, Paolo Boffetta, Maria Costanza Camargo, Maria Paola Curado, Nuno Lunet, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Carlo La Vecchia, Stefania Boccia","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf160","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf160","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with gastric cancer (GC), though results are conflicting regarding the GC subsites of cardia and non-cardia. This study aims to evaluate the associations between BMI and GC risk, focusing on these distinct anatomical subsites.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We pooled data from seven case-control studies from the Stomach Cancer Pooling (StoP) Project. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of GC risk across BMI categories (normal weight, overweight, obesity) were calculated by pooling study-specific ORs through random-effects meta-analytic models. The dose-response relationship between BMI and the risk of GC cancer was assessed by using a one-stage mixed-effects logistic regression model. Results were stratified according to cardia and non-cardia GC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis comprised 1478 GC cases, including 511 cardia and 967 non-cardia cases, and 6671 controls. There was an increased risk of cardia GC among obese patients (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.20-2.06), while no association was found for non-cardia GC (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.66-1.01). Restricting the analysis to population-based studies, the association for cardia GC became stronger for obese (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.09-2.48) and overweight (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.10-2.39) patients. The dose-response meta-analysis showed an increased risk of cardia GC with increasing BMI values, ranging from a null effect at a BMI of 21.75 to an OR of 2.06 (95% CI 1.22-3.48) for a BMI of ≥40.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results indicate an association between higher BMI categories and the risk of cardia GC, whereas no association was found with non-cardia GC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145185841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current trends in stroke events, mortality, and case fatality in Switzerland: an epidemiologic update","authors":"Martin Hänsel, Emanuel Mauch, Charlotte Micheloud, Andreas R Luft, Krassen Nedeltchev, Marcel Arnold, Susanne Wegener","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf087","url":null,"abstract":"Background Stroke is a major cardiovascular disease. The last epidemiologic update of stroke events, mortality, and case fatalities (CF) in Switzerland was performed in 2004. Between 2004 and 2017, traditional- and non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors changed, life expectancy increased, stroke units were implemented, and stroke treatment standardized. Therefore, we present an update of Swiss stroke epidemiology. Methods Data were obtained from two databases, the Federal Hospital Discharge Statistics (HOST, n = 1 470 259) and the Cause of Death (CoD) database (n = 66 971), to analyze stroke diagnoses coded according to I60-I64 (ICD 10) in 2017 in Switzerland. Discharge- and event rates for stroke, in- and out-of-hospital CF, and mortality were calculated. Results In 2017, there were 26 032 stroke discharges in Switzerland (45% women) compared to 13 996 discharges in 2004. The age-standardized event rate per 100 000 increased in women/men from 119.7/178.7 in 2004 to 265.1/396.7 in 2017. However, the absolute number of stroke deaths decreased between 2004 and 2017 from 3569 (60% women) to 2816 (59% women). The overall sex-stratified mortality rate approximately halved between 2004 and 2017 in women (from 77.5 to 38.5/100 000) and men (from 56.1 to 27.2/100 000). The overall CF halved between 2004 and 2017 from 22.7% to 10.5% and was higher in women (13.4%) compared to men (8.0%). Conclusions Compared to 2004, the rates of stroke events and discharges have increased in Switzerland. However, the overall CF rate and overall sex-stratified mortality rate has approximately halved. This suggests, among other factors, increased recognition and better treatments for stroke.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144278253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: The Mecha Health and Demographic Surveillance System (Mecha HDSS), Northwest Ethiopia.","authors":"Mesafint Molla Adane, Mulusew Andualem Asemahagn, Higemengist Astatkie Gebrie, Daniel Mekonnen, Tilahun Belete Mossie, Yeshalem Mulugeta, Animut Taddele Dagnaw, Yosef Wasihun, Netsanet Fentahun, Yeshigeta Gelaw Birhanu","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf122","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144659194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}