International journal of epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Isolated clubfoot in the Northern Territory of Australia: birth prevalence and population description.","authors":"Kelly Paterson, Ruth Barker, Sean Taylor, Alan Clough","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf121","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clubfoot prevalence in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population (hereafter Indigenous population) is reportedly higher than globally. This study enumerates and describes the isolated (also 'idiopathic') clubfoot population in Australia's Northern Territory (NT), where 30% of the population is Indigenous.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, medical records were searched to identify all cases in the NT born in 2009-22 inclusive. Birth prevalence was calculated by using established methods. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing characteristics of Indigenous with non-Indigenous babies with clubfoot.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The birth prevalence of isolated clubfoot (150 cases/53 591 births) was 2.80/1000 (95% CI: 2.35-3.25). For 109 Indigenous babies, the prevalence was five times higher (5.99, 95% CI: 4.87-7.12) than for non-Indigenous babies (1.16, 95% CI: 0.84-1.56) and three times higher in Indigenous males (4.11, 95% CI: 3.35-4.86) than females (1.42, 95% CI: 0.96-1.88). Among babies with clubfoot, Indigenous babies with clubfoot were more likely to be male (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.22-5.90; P = 0.014), from remote or very remote localities (OR = 14.24; CI: 5.98-33.90; P < 0.001), and have younger mothers (OR = 13.88; 95% CI: 3.90-49.39; P < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of isolated clubfoot in Australia's NT is higher than global estimates and other Australian reports, and disproportionately affects Indigenous babies. An Australian clubfoot register would be invaluable to improve the national understanding of prevalence patterns. Given the disproportionate prevalence in Indigenous babies, culturally responsive service provision, clinical outcomes, and experiences of their families warrant investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12282946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-standardized and stage-specific survival among men with prostate cancer in the Nordic countries 2004-16: the NORDCAN survival studies.","authors":"Signe Benzon Larsen,Frida E Lundberg,Søren Friis,Helgi Birgisson,Therese M-L Andersson,Gerda Engholm,Paul C Lambert,Klaus Brasso,David Pettersson,Elínborg Ólafsdóttir,Tom Børge Johannesen,Simon M Kønig,Anna L V Johansson,Lina Steinrud Mørch","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf082","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDProstate cancer survival varies across Nordic countries, potentially reflecting variation in stage distribution at diagnosis. To highlight the variation in the diagnostic intensity of prostate cancer, we outlined the differences in stage distributions at diagnosis across these countries. Specifically, we evaluated whether the variation in cancer survival could be attributed to differences in stage at diagnosis.METHODSIn this population-based cohort study, we identified 243 893 men diagnosed with prostate cancer from 2004 to 2016 in Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Country-specific stage distributions at diagnosis were obtained from individual cancer registry records provided by the NORDCAN collaboration. Relative survival and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by using the Pohar Perme estimator. Stage-standardized relative survival was estimated by applying pre-weighting based on the stage distribution of the entire Nordic cohort.RESULTSThe stage distribution of prostate cancer varied between the Nordic countries, with the highest proportion of early-stage (0-I) cases in Sweden and the highest proportion of advanced-stage (IV) cases in Denmark. When adjusting for differences in stage distribution (i.e. stage standardization), the 5-year relative survival improved in Denmark and Norway within the study period (2004-17), increasing from 83.9% (95% CI, 83.2-84.6) and 91.4% (95% CI, 90.8-92.0) to 87.3 (95% CI, 86.5-88.2) and 93.4% (95% CI, 92.8-94.1). Conversely, the 5-year relative survival declined in Sweden from 90.6% (95% CI, 90.3-91.0) to 88.5% (95% CI, 88.0-89.1).CONCLUSIONThe distinct differences in stage distributions between the Nordic countries substantially contributed to the variation in prostate cancer survival.","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"178 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144311463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Increased risk of subsequent antiphospholipid syndrome in patients with endometriosis.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water fluoridation as a population strategy for reducing oral health inequalities: high-dimensional effect heterogeneity analysis using machine learning.","authors":"Yusuke Matsuyama, Diep H Ha, Sakura Kiuchi, Andrew J Spencer, Jun Aida, Loc G Do","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dental caries is the most prevalent disease worldwide, associated with substantial health inequalities. Water fluoridation is a population strategy shown to effectively prevent dental caries; however, its impact on health inequalities remains inconclusive. We investigated the high-dimensional effect heterogeneity of water fluoridation in preventing dental caries among children in Australia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the National Child Oral Health Study-a national representative study conducted in 2012-14, linked to the information on lifetime exposure to fluoridated water-were analysed (n = 17 517 children aged 5-14 years). A doubly robust target minimum loss-based estimation was used to estimate the average treatment effect of lifetime exposure to fluoridated water (never exposed versus fully exposed) on the number of tooth surfaces with dental caries. The effect heterogeneity was evaluated by estimating the conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) using the causal forest algorithm, which integrated 47 child demographic, socioeconomic, and parental factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 58.1% were fully exposed to water fluoridation throughout their lifetime. Water fluoridation was associated with having -0.9 (95% confidence interval: -1.1, -0.8) fewer dental caries incidents. The estimated CATEs were mostly negative and the magnitude substantially varied (median CATE, -0.9; interquartile range, 0.7). Children from lower socioeconomic backgrounds exhibited greater benefits: i.e. the average CATEs ranged from -1.4 for children from a single parent with school-level education and low-income families to -0.8 for children from two parents with tertiary-level education and high-income families.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Water fluoridation was associated with lower dental caries and exhibited greater benefits for vulnerable subpopulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144540106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prenatal exposure to ambient temperature and preterm birth: a historical cohort.","authors":"Selin Girgin, Offer Erez, Daniel Nevo, Iaroslav Youssim, Itai Kloog, Raanan Raz","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accumulating evidence suggests links between ambient temperature and preterm birth. We aimed to explore susceptible exposure weeks and groups concerning temperature and preterm birth in an innovative methodological approach.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a historical cohort study of 131 599 singleton live births in Southern Israel in 2005-19. Weekly mean temperatures were assessed based on residential address and a spatiotemporal model. We fitted Cox models with time-dependent covariates and distributed lag non-linear models, adapting them for the challenges of examining prenatal exposures. We further extended the models with time-dependent coefficients to assess variations by preterm birth categories. Finally, we estimated associations of cumulative exposures by using predicted survival curves contrasting realistic exposure trajectories by month of the last menstrual period (LMP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposures to high temperatures in gestation Weeks 29-37 were associated with increased preterm birth risk. The highest hazard ratio was 1.04 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.07] in Week 37 for the 99th percentile (31°C) compared with the minimum-risk temperature (16°C). There was a strong seasonal pattern in the estimated risk, with pregnancies with LMP in autumn having a higher risk. The average estimated risk by LMP month varied between 6.5% and 7.6% for pregnancies with LMP in March and October, respectively, corresponding to a relative risk of 1.17 (95% CI: 1.07-1.27).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The final weeks of the third trimester are the key window for heat exposure in Southern Israel, creating a distinguished estimated risk by LMP month, with the highest risk for pregnancies conceived in the autumn.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12202757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144505650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Resource Profile Update: CPRD GOLD.","authors":"Maria T Sanchez-Santos, Eleanor L Axson, Daniel Dedman, Antonella Delmestri","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12158158/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Resource Profile: Whole-Blood DNA Methylation Resource in Generation Scotland (MeGS).","authors":"Rosie M Walker, Daniel L McCartney, Kevin Carr, Michael Barber, Xueyi Shen, Archie Campbell, Elena Bernabeu, Emma Aitken, Angie Fawkes, Nicola Wrobel, Lee Murphy, Heather C Whalley, David M Howard, Mark J Adams, Konrad Rawlik, Pau Navarro, Albert Tenesa, Cathie L Sudlow, David J Porteous, Riccardo E Marioni, Andrew M McIntosh, Kathryn L Evans","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf091","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12240559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144600290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cohort Profile: Health Inequalities in Catalonia (the HEALIN cohort).","authors":"Aïda Solé-Auró, Jordi Gumà-Lao, Sergi Trias-Llimós, Agata Carreño Serra, Juan-Francisco Martínez-Cerdá, Iñaki Permanyer","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyaf129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data Resource Profile: EULAT Eradicate GBC: the European-Latin American Research Consortium towards Eradication of Preventable Gallbladder Cancer.","authors":"Dominique Scherer, Carol Barahona Ponce, Claudio Mengoa, Paola Montenegro, Hector Losada, Ana Lineth Garcia, Armando Rojas, Erik Morales, Allan Vera Kortmann, Loreto Spencer, Alejandro Ortega, Karina Vargas Valdebenito, Juan Carlos Roa, Cristina Inklemona, Alicia Colombo Flores, Romy Kirsten, Linda Zollner, Katherine Marcelain, Trine B Rounge, Hilde Langseth, Sarah Jane Lewis, Gerardo Francisco Arroyo, Ricardo Armisen, Bruno Nervi Nattero, Bettina G Muller, Piga Roxana Fernández Kaempffer, Rajiv Kumar, Pamela Salinas-Alvarez, Rachel Sabine Kelly, Mazda Jenab, Justo Lorenzo Bermejo","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf127","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf127","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144742097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary heart disease and stroke mortality trends in Australia and New Zealand: comparison of official national mortality data and Global Burden of Disease estimates.","authors":"Yuehan Zhang, Grace Joshy, Karen Bishop, Tim Adair, Wendy Ho, Katrina Sheehan, Michelle Gourley, Rod Jackson, Mai Nguyen, Emily Banks, Ellie Paige","doi":"10.1093/ije/dyaf112","DOIUrl":"10.1093/ije/dyaf112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates show increasing cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in Australia and New Zealand, prompting concern. This study investigates whether such increases are observed in official national data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Annual age-standardized coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality rates for ages 35-84 years in Australia/New Zealand from 2008 to 2018/19 were calculated using official national data and published GBD estimates. Differences in annual mortality rate percentage changes between official data and GBD estimates were calculated separately for each country. Joinpoint regression identified temporal trend changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Official data showed annual decreases in CHD mortality of 4.9% (95% CI: 4.4%-5.5%) for Australia and 4.2% (3.7%-4.7%) for New Zealand on average; corresponding annual stroke mortality reductions were 4.3% (3.2%-5.3%) for Australia and 3.7% (2.9%-4.5%) for New Zealand. Absolute CHD mortality rates from GBD were substantively higher than from official data (e.g. 104.7 [103.0-106.5] vs 99.0 [97.3-100.7] per 100 000 people, respectively, Australia, 2008). Contrasting with ongoing declining rates using official data, GBD estimates showed slower overall mortality rate declines, recent increases in CHD mortality (e.g. 1.2% [0.2%-2.2%] annual increases from 2016 to 2019 for Australia), and stagnating stroke mortality. Differences are likely explained by GBD's redistribution of ill-defined causes of death and use of projected data after 2016, when national mortality data were unavailable for GBD estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CHD and stroke mortality in Australia/New Zealand continue to decline, according to gold-standard official data. Disparities with GBD estimates highlight the need for transparency in reporting GBD methods and care in interpretation and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":14147,"journal":{"name":"International journal of epidemiology","volume":"54 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12221867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144553471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}