International Journal of Mycobacteriology最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Gastrointestinal Tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia: A 10-year Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Mohammed Alsaeed, Abdullah Alghamdi, Amal Aldawish, Mohammed Alharbi, Nabiha Bouafia, Nabih Alansari, Abdelkarim Bahloul, Naoufel Kaabia, Alaa Alibrahim, Shahad Alshehri, Esra Alsaeed, Hadi Kuriry, Ghadeer Aldoobi, Hala Muslem, Sirine Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_13_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_13_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (GITB) is an underrecognized form of extrapulmonary TB that often presents with nonspecific symptoms, leading to diagnostic delay and adverse outcomes. Data describing its clinical characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and outcomes in the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia, remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed with GITB at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia between January 2012 and December 2022. Diagnosis was based on microbiological confirmation, histopathological findings consistent with TB, or compatible clinical-radiological features with documented response to antituberculous therapy. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, treatment regimens, and outcomes were analyzed descriptively, with exploratory subgroup comparisons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 47 patients were included; 72.3% were male, with a mean age of 59.1 years. Diabetes mellitus (42.6%) and chronic kidney disease (25.5%) were the most common comorbidities. Abdominal pain (80.9%) and weight loss (57.4%) were the most frequent presenting symptoms, with a median diagnostic delay of 60 days. Disseminated disease was identified in 36.2% of patients. Microbiological confirmation was achieved in 42.6% by acid-fast bacilli staining and 34.0% by mycobacterial culture, while molecular testing (Xpert MTB/RIF) was performed in a minority of cases. Clinical cure was achieved in 76.6% of patients, and the overall mortality was 10.6%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GITB in Saudi Arabia is characterized by nonspecific presentation, frequent diagnostic delay, and a high burden of chronic comorbidities, with a substantial proportion of disseminated disease. Despite generally favorable treatment outcomes, mortality remains notable. Improved utilization of molecular diagnostics and earlier recognition in high-risk populations may enhance clinical outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Bronchiectatic Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Gaoxiang Wu, Fei He","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_305_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_305_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is a chronic and challenging infectious condition with rising global prevalence, and its bronchiectatic subtype is particularly difficult to treat with conventional regimens due to frequent adverse effects, thus necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. This report presents a 42-year-old female patient diagnosed with bronchiectatic NTM-PD, characterized by persistent cough, sputum production, and hemoptysis, which was confirmed through radiological findings and microbiological testing. Following intolerance to conventional antimicrobial therapy, the patient was treated exclusively with nebulized inhalation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HucMSC-Exos). This intervention led to significant alleviation of respiratory symptoms, stabilization of pulmonary function, and marked improvement in immunological parameters. In conclusion, nebulized HucMSC-Exos therapy demonstrated successful outcomes in this case, improving clinical symptoms, pulmonary function, and immune status, which suggests its potential as a viable and innovative therapeutic strategy for managing this complex condition and warrants further clinical investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"64-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Contact Tracing in the Management of Pediatric Tuberculosis in Some Diagnostic and Treatment Centers of the Centre Region of Cameroon.","authors":"Gerard Nkeunen, Myriam Elvira Fomen Tchoupa, Julie Judith Takadong Tsafack, Guy-Roger Enamba Ebanda, Marvin Echaw Nso Eyong","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_217_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_217_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the leading causes of death among children under the age of 5 years. In some resource-limited communities, contact tracing interventions are generally used to curb this problem. We aimed to assess the effect of contact tracing interventions on the management of pediatric TB in the Centre Region of Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was done in 14 diagnostic and treatment centers having a mixed urban-rural population with a high burden of TB. A mixed method including assessment of pediatric TB epidemiological trends, operational data from 2019 to 2024, coupled with healthcare worker perceptions of contact tracing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 119 cases of TB were reported. After contact tracing, the number of TB cases rose to 34 in 2021 but dropped in the following years. Zero household investigations and no child under 5 years of age were recorded as TB contacts in 2019-2020, respectively, 779 and 963 in 2021-2024. In 2022, there was about 4.5-fold increase in the number of children identified as TB contacts (387). About 1465 children received TB preventive treatment from 2019 to 2024. After contact tracing, this number peaked at 400 in 2022. About 96% of the personnel responded that the project improved the management of TB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intensification of contact tracing activities and the decrease in TB diagnoses among children under 5 years of age strongly contributed to the prevention and control of the disease within this key population, aligning with the priorities of the World Health Organization End TB Strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in Household Contacts of Leprosy Patients in Barru Regency.","authors":"Hasnawati Tahir, Mochammad Hatta, Baedah Madjid, Rizalinda Sjahril, Nadyah Haruna, Fadhilah Syamsuri","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_5_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_5_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Leprosy, caused by Mycobacterium leprae, remains a persistent public health challenge in endemic regions such as Indonesia. Despite global efforts toward elimination, hidden transmission through asymptomatic household contacts contributes to ongoing endemicity. Molecular detection methods, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR), have demonstrated superior sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional microscopy or clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional molecular survey was conducted at 12 primary healthcare facilities. Nasal swab samples were obtained from 37 leprosy patients (17 undergoing multidrug therapy, 20 released from treatment (RFT), and 89 household contacts. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction used the Presto™ Buccal Swab Kit, followed by PCR targeting the pra gene (531 bp).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 126 samples, M. leprae DNA was detected in 14 (9.6%) by PCR analysis. Positive amplification was observed in 3 (11.8%) of 17 patients under treatment, 6 (17.1%) of 41 household contacts of patients under treatment, 1 (5.0%) of 20 RFT patients, and 4 (8.3%) of 48 household contacts of RFT patients. These findings highlight that household contacts of both active and previously treated leprosy patients may serve as potential reservoirs for ongoing transmission.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCR-based molecular detection of M. leprae from nasal swabs offers a reliable tool for identifying subclinical infection and monitoring transmission dynamics in endemic settings. Integrating molecular surveillance into public health strategies can significantly enhance early diagnosis and accelerate leprosy elimination programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"26-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leishmaniasis Masquerading as Lepromatous Leprosy: A Rare Dermatological Diagnostic Pitfall.","authors":"Madhuri Singh, Shirish S Chandanwale, Sushama Gurwale, Charusheela Rajesh Gore","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_221_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_221_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermal leishmaniasis, particularly postkala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL), is an uncommon entity that may closely mimic lepromatous leprosy in endemic regions. Both conditions present with chronic, symmetric nodular or plaque-like lesions, leading to frequent diagnostic confusion, especially when peripheral nerve thickening is absent. We report a 71-year-old male with a 15-year history of diffuse erythematous nodules and scaly plaques over the palms and dorsum of the feet, repeatedly managed as lepromatous leprosy without clinical improvement. The absence of peripheral nerve thickening and a negative slit-skin smear prompted further evaluation. Skin biopsy demonstrated macrophages packed with Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the ITS-1 gene confirmed LD. The patient was initiated on miltefosine 50 mg twice daily for 12 weeks (standard regimen). At 4-week follow-up, lesions showed approximately 30% flattening, and at 12 weeks, more than 60% regression was noted, without adverse effects. This rare case of a 71-year-old male with >15 years of misdiagnosis highlights that chronic diffuse nodular dermatosis without nerve involvement should prompt consideration of PKDL even in the absence of documented prior visceral leishmaniasis. Accurate diagnosis using histopathology and PCR prevents prolonged inappropriate therapy and reduces the risk of community transmission.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"61-63"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Bedaquiline Resistance among Drug Resistant - Tuberculosis Cases at a Tertiary Healthcare Setting in Metropolitan City of Maharashtra, India.","authors":"Shraddha Dalvi, Poulami Biswas, Shatabdi Bhagat, Nilma Hirani","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_224_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_224_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent worldwide. Drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) poses a major challenge. Bedaquiline (BDQ) is central to multidrug resistant tuberculosis/extensively drug-resistant TB (MDR/XDR-TB) treatment, yet emerging resistance prompted this study to assess its prevalence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective observational study was conducted in the TB culture and drug susceptibility testing (DST) laboratory of a tertiary care hospital over 9 months. Sputum samples from presumptive DR-TB cases were included, whereas extrapulmonary and nontuberculous mycobacteria samples were excluded from the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1190 samples were subjected to the first-line probe assay (LPA) for drug resistance detection in MTB. MDR-TB was most common, followed by mono-isoniazid and monorifampicin resistance. Of 512 DR-TB samples tested by second-line probe assay (SL-LPA), 25 yielded invalid results. Fluoroquinolone (FQ) resistance was highest (47.7%), whereas second-line injectable drug (SLID) resistance was rare (1.4%); combined FQ + SLID resistance occurred in 10.7% samples, whereas 35.4% samples were sensitive. Among 380 isolates subjected to liquid culture DST, resistance was detected to moxifloxacin (7.4%), linezolid (2.1%), and BDQ (0.78%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BDQ resistance is low but emerging; routine DST, rational drug use, and robust surveillance are vital to preserve BDQ efficacy and ensure effective DR-TB management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of Innovative Integrated Service Delivery for Tuberculosis, Community-acquired Pneumonia, and Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases in Southern Nigeria: A Qualitative Research Protocol.","authors":"Sarah Nakalema Oshi, Edmund Ndudi Ossai, Daniel Egbule, Chinwe Chika Eze, Isaac Nwafoagu Alobu, Charles Nwafor, Ngozi Murphy-Okpala, Martin Njoku, Daniel Chukwunweolu Oshi","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_116_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_116_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This protocol describes a study in which we would determine the facilitators and barriers to implementation of innovative integrated service delivery for tuberculosis (TB), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), in southern Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study will adopt a cross-sectional study design using qualitative data collection methods. It will involve key informant interviews (KIIs) for program managers and health service providers, including Directly Observed Treatment Short-course focal persons, radiographers and private care providers. Focus group discussions (FGDs) will be conducted for beneficiaries of the intervention and will include persons diagnosed and treated for TB, CAP or COPD. The study will be conducted in five hard-to-reach Local Government Areas (LGAs) in two states in Southern Nigeria. The LGAs selected for the study have perennial low TB case notifications, which may be attributed to poor active case finding. A total of twenty KIIs and four FGDs will be conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Nigeria, funding for single-disease programs is diminishing, hence unsustainable, making it necessary to adopt more cost-efficient approaches, including integrated service delivery, especially at the primary health care level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this study will help in understanding the factors that influence the implementation of TB/CAP/COPD services and also inform policy/practice on the most suitable approaches to scale up the integrated service delivery for TB/CAP/COPD in Nigeria.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"13-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Diagnostic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Small RNA Plasma in Drug-sensitive Tuberculosis Children and Household Contacts.","authors":"Rika Hapsari, Anang Endaryanto, Ni Made Mertaniasih, Retno Asih Setyoningrum, Arda Pratama Putra Chafid, Nabila Annisa Harum","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_129_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_129_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, particularly in children. Conventional TB diagnostics, such as culture or sputum-based. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is limited in pediatric populations. This study evaluates the molecular diagnostic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) 16 small ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plasma in drug-sensitive TB children and household contacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involved children aged 1 month to 18 years who were diagnosed with TB and those with household contact with TB cases. Participants underwent clinical evaluation, tuberculin skin test (TST), and peripheral blood collection for PCR 16S rRNA MTB. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U-tests (P < 0.05). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), likelihood ratio, and area under the curve (AUC) were determined to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of PCR 16S rRNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 30 participants, 15 were diagnosed with TB, and 15 were close contacts of TB. Positive PCR 16S rRNA results were found in 66.7% of TB-diagnosed children and 46.7% of household contacts, with no statistically significant difference (P = 0.239). TST was positive in 86.7% of the TB group and 20% of contact TB (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, likelihood ratio, and AUC of the PCR 16S rRNA MTB were 66.7%, 63.3%, 58.82%, 61.53%, 1.817, 0.400 (0.194-0.606).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Molecular diagnostic of MTB using PCR 16S rRNA blood is a promising tool for identifying MTB in children. These findings support the potential role of blood-based molecular diagnostics in TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Cloning and In silico Epitope Prediction of Culture Filtrate Protein 10 and Resuscitation-promoting Factor D from Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Potential Immunodiagnostic Applications.","authors":"Fadhilah Ananda Putri, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Rizalinda Sjahril, Ahyar Ahmad, Mochammad Hatta, Nadhila Idris, Irda Handayani, Yanti Leman","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_11_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_11_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is regarded as one of the most challenging infectious diseases globally, posing significant obstacles in terms of diagnosis and treatment. The limited effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine and the low sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods underscore the need for improved antigen-based detection strategies. This study aimed to clone, express, and characterize culture filtrate protein 10 (CFP-10) and resuscitation-promoting factor D (rpfD) and to predict potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes using in silico methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Genes encoding Rv3874 (CFP-10) and Rv2389c (rpfD) were amplified from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, subsequently cloned into the pCold II vector and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Induction with isopropylthio-β-galactoside resulted in recombinant protein expression and confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). In silico analysis included physicochemical characterization, secretion and localization prediction, and identification of T-cell and B-cell epitopes, followed by screening for antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polymerase chain reaction successfully produced fragments of 303 bp (Rv3874) and 465 bp (Rv2389c), and sequencing confirmed the correct construct. SDS-PAGE revealed recombinant proteins of ~11 kDa (CFP-10) and ~15-16 kDa (rpfD), consistent with theoretical sizes. Both proteins were predicted to be antigenic and extracellular. Multiple strong binding epitopes were identified with high antigenicity, which were nontoxic and nonallergenic which signal a large immunogenic capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CFP-10 and rpfD were successfully cloned and expressed and demonstrated promising immunogenic profiles in silico. These findings support the potential as complementary antigens in future vaccine platforms and immunodiagnostic tools for TB.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Construction and Expression Analysis of Rv3875 and Rv2873 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis as Novel Protein Biomarkers for Tuberculosis Immunodiagnostics.","authors":"Nadhila Idris, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Rizalinda Sjahril, Ahyar Ahmad, Mochammad M Hatta, Fadhilah Ananda Putri, Ema Alasiry, Aidah Juliaty A Baso","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_222_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_222_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), continues to become a significant risk to world health despite the availability of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. The limited efficacy of BCG in adults and the low sensitivity of conventional diagnostic methods highlight the urgent need for novel antigens to improve TB immunodiagnostics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study constructs, clones, and expresses Rv3875 and Rv2873, encoding ESAT-6 and MPT83 proteins from Mtb H37Rv as potential subunit proteins. Genomic DNA was extracted, and target genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a primer pair containing BamHI and HindIII restriction sites. Immunoinformatics analysis using IEDB predicted T-cell epitopes of Rv3875 and Rv2873. SignalP, DeepTMHMM, VaxiJen, AllerTOP, and ToxinPred2 were used to assess localization, antigenicity, and safety profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The amplicons (288 bp for Rv3875 and 663 bp for Rv2873) were successfully cloned into the pTrcHis A expression vector and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α and BL21 strains. Colony PCR, restriction digestion, and sequencing assured the presence and integrity of the recombinant constructs, showing over 99% identity to reference sequences. Recombinant protein expression induced with IPTG yielded bands of ~11-12 kDa (Rv3875) and ~22 kDa (Rv2873) on SDS-PAGE. SignalP and DeepTMHMM identified ESAT-6 as secreted and MPT83 as a lipoprotein, whereas VaxiJen, AllerTOP, and ToxinPred confirmed both as antigenic, nonallergenic, and non-toxic.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results show that Rv3875 and Rv2873 successfully cloned and expressed at the molecular level, and that they could be used as subunit proteins for TB immunodiagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 1","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147528793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}