International Journal of Mycobacteriology最新文献

{"title":"A Rare Case Report: Mycobacterium abscessus in Central Nervous System Infections in Astrocytoma Patient.","authors":"Sastia Winda Astuti, Deby Kusumaningrum, Siti Rochmanah Oktaviani Sulikah","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_115_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_115_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB), a rapid growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM), is an emerging pathogen mostly associated with pulmonary disease, while central nervous system (CNS) involvement remains rare and has a poor prognosis. We present a case of CNS infection caused by MAB associated with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt in an astrocytoma patient. A 21-year-old male patient, pilocytic astrocytoma with noncommunicating hydrocephalus, presented with an exposed VP shunt due to wound dehiscence. Microbiological examination of cerebrospinal fluid and shunt components, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, identified MAB. Despite initial empirical antibiotic therapy, the patient showed no clinical improvement. Intrathecal and systemic amikacin therapy was subsequently administered, resulting in transient clinical stabilization. The infection persisted despite combined medical and surgical treatment, ultimately resulting in death. MAB CNS infection presents considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its rarity, ambiguous clinical presentation, biofilm formation on medical devices, and intrinsic antimicrobial resistance. Management requires a combination of prolonged multidrug therapy and removal of infected device. This case highlights the importance of early recognition of NTM infections in postneurosurgical patients and underscores the need for improved therapeutic strategies for this highly resistant pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 3","pages":"323-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Drug Resistance Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Liupanshui, China.","authors":"Shunfu Yu, Ting Xu, Guangyou Yan, Hong Xiao, Shengxu Deng, Shaojing Fu, Honglin Liu","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_105_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_105_26","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major global public health challenge, while local drug resistance data in southwestern China are still incomplete. The drug resistance characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in the Liupanshui area have not been systematically reported, and the clinical application value of the high-resolution melting (HRM) method for drug resistance detection in this region also lacks evaluation evidence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;From February 2023 to September 2025, 1200 TB patients who attended designated TB treatment facilities in Liupanshui City were enrolled. The HRM method was used to detect resistance to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), ethambutol (EMB), and fluoroquinolones (FQs). Meanwhile, among the culture-positive isolates ( n = 506), phenotypic drug susceptibility testing using the proportion method was performed for INH, RFP, EMB, levofloxacin (LVFX), and moxifloxacin (MOX). Univariate Chi-square tests and Cramer's V coefficient were employed to assess associations between clinical variables and drug resistance, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent influencing factors for resistance. All effect estimates were supplemented with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The Bonferroni method was applied for multiple testing correction, with three independent multiple comparison scenarios established in this study, and the corrected significance levels (α') were set at 0.0125, 0.01, and 0.0167, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Among the 1200 patients, 67.6% were male, and 86.1% were newly treated. The HRM method detected resistance rates of 12.8% (95% CI: 11.1%-14.8%) for INH, 13.1% (95% CI: 11.3%-15.1%) for RFP, 5.4% (95% CI: 4.3%-6.8%) for EMB, and 2.4% (95% CI: 1.7%-3.4%) for FQs. For the proportion method ( n = 506), the resistance rates were 15.6% (95% CI: 12.9%-19.2%) for INH, 17.2% (95% CI: 13.3%-19.7%) for RFP, 9.9% (95% CI: 7.6%-12.8%) for EMB, 3.4% (95% CI: 2.1%-5.3%) for LVFX, and 1.8% (95% CI: 0.9%-3.3%) for MOX. The overall prevalence of multidrugresistant TB (MDR-TB) in the study population was 8.0% (95% CI: 6.6%-9.7%), with 7.3% (95% CI: 5.8%-9.0%) in newly treated patients and 12.6% (95% CI: 8.4%-18.5%) in retreated patients. Agreement between the HRM method and the proportion method was excellent for INH and RFP (Kappa: 0.93 [95% CI: 0.89-0.97] and 0.95 [95% CI: 0.92-0.98], respectively), moderate for EMB (Kappa: 0.62 [95% CI: 0.54-0.70]), and good for FQs (Kappa: 0.82 [95% CI: 0.74-0.90]). The positive predictive values of the HRM method for INH and RFP were 97.3% and 93.1%, respectively, and the negative predictive values were 98.4% and 99.8%, indicating excellent diagnostic performance. Regularity of treatment was strongly correlated with genetic resistance to all four drugs ( P &lt; 0.001, Cramer's V coefficient: 0.115-0.632), and retreatment was significantly associated with RFP genetic resistance ( ","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 3","pages":"299-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149108747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival-based Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Drug-resistant Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.","authors":"Ahmad Zhafir Zulkifli, Nurhuda Ismail, Siti Munira Yasin, Tajul Rosli Razak, Mohamad Rodi Isa","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_120_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_120_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mortality among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains substantial despite advances in diagnosis and treatment. Individual studies have reported multiple prognostic factors for death, but findings remain heterogeneous. The objective of this study is to systematically review and quantitatively synthesize evidence on prognostic factors associated with mortality among patients with DR-TB using hazard ratios (HR) derived from survival analyses. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted to retrieve articles published from database inception to the final search date on March 31, 2026. Observational longitudinal studies involving patients with any form of DR-TB were included if they reported adjusted HR for all-cause mortality from survival models. Study selection followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guideline. Risk of bias was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies tool. Fixed-effects and random-effects meta-analyses using restricted maximum likelihood were performed for prognostic factors reported in at least three comparable studies, whereas other factors were synthesized narratively. The study protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) ID: CRD420261355163. A total of 34 studies published between 2006 and 2025 were included in the study. Most studies were retrospective cohort studies conducted mainly in Asia and Africa. The pooled analysis demonstrated that several factors were significantly associated with increased mortality including human immunodeficiency virus infection (pooled HR = 2.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.73, 3.33), smoking (pooled HR = 2.07; 95% CI 1.48, 2.90), anemia (pooled HR = 1.79; 95% CI 1.51, 2.12), low body mass index or underweight (pooled HR = 2.08; 95% CI 1.69, 2.56), and diabetes mellitus (pooled HR = 1.77; 95% CI 1.29, 2.44). Gender was not significantly associated with mortality (pooled HR = 0.92; 95% CI 0.77, 1.11). Between-study heterogeneity ranged from low to substantial across the meta-analyses. Age, bacteriological positivity, previous TB treatment history, and drug resistance classification were synthesized narratively because of substantial heterogeneity in exposure definitions and comparator groups across studies. Mortality in DR-TB appears more consistently associated with clinical vulnerability and comorbidity rather than demographic characteristics or resistance profile alone. These findings support a risk-based approach to DR-TB care including early identification of high-risk patients, nutritional and comorbidity assessment and closer treatment monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 3","pages":"197-205"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149108762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative Predictive Value of First-line Anti-tuberculosis Drug Patch Test in Delayed-type Hypersensitivity with Cutaneous Manifestations: The Role of Application Timing.","authors":"Laras Budiyani, Sukamto Koesnoe, Ceva Wicaksono Pitoyo, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Adityo Susilo, Ikhwan Rinaldi, Ika Prasetya Wijaya, Alvina Widhani, Suzy Maria","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_163_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_163_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health burden, particularly in Indonesia, which ranks second worldwide for TB cases. Hypersensitivity reactions to first-line anti-TB drugs (ATDs) often lead to treatment interruption and increased morbidity. While the drug provocation test (DPT) is the gold standard for diagnosis, it carries significant risks, especially in patients with severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs). Patch testing offers a safer in vivo alternative, yet data regarding its negative predictive value (NPV) and the optimal application time interval in the Indonesian population remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the positivity rate and NPV of patch testing for first-line ATDs (rifampicin, isoniazid [INH], pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) and to analyze the role of the application time interval in the accuracy of diagnostic results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital (RSCM), Jakarta, from January 2021 to November 2025. Subjects with a history of delayed-type hypersensitivity to ATDs manifesting as cutaneous reactions were recruited. Subjects underwent patch testing with 30% allergen concentration in petrolatum. Patients with negative patch test (PT) results proceeded to DPT to assess negative concordance. The NPV was calculated, and the relationship between the PT application time interval (days from symptom resolution) and the negative concordance was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 88 adult patients. The majority were female (67%), with a median age of 43 years. Maculopapular exanthema was the most common phenotype (77.3%), followed by SCARs (22.7%). The PT positivity rates were highest for INH (19/85, 22.4%) and ethambutol (18/85, 21.2%), and lowest for rifampicin (15/83, 18.1%). Based on DPT confirmation, the NPVs were as follows: INH 87.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79.5%-96.3%), ethambutol 80.0% (95% CI: 69.9%-90.1%), pyrazinamide 66.7% (95% CI: 54.1%-79.3%), and rifampicin 60.6% (95% CI: 48.3%-72.9%). The median time interval from symptom resolution to patch testing was 22.5 days. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in the median application time between concordant and discordant groups for all drugs ( P > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patch testing for first-line ATDs demonstrates a high NPV for INH and ethambutol, making it a reliable tool for excluding delayed-type hypersensitivity. However, negative results for rifampicin and pyrazinamide require cautious interpretation due to lower NPVs. Variations in application timing (median: 22.5 days) did not significantly influence the accuracy of negative results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 3","pages":"255-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149108798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly- and Low-virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains of the Beijing Genotype Elicit Contrasting Immune Response in C57BL/6 Mice as Revealed by Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Distinct Expression.","authors":"Yulia Krylova, Mikhail Dokhov, Anna Panfilova, Anna Vyazovaya, Tatiana Vinogradova, Igor Kvetnoy, Igor Mokrousov","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_102_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_102_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The progression of tuberculosis (TB) to active disease is heavily influenced by innate immunity. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can alter host molecular pathways, compromising immune responses and facilitating infection. We aimed to determine molecular immunohistochemical markers in the lungs of mice infected with phylogenomically and pathobiologically different M. tuberculosis strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>C57BL/6 male mice were infected with reference strain H37Rv (Euro-American lineage) and multidrug-resistant clinical strains 396 (highly lethal and hypervirulent subtype Beijing 14717-15) and 6691 (low-lethal and low-virulent subtype Beijing 1071-32). Lung tissues of the euthanized animals were obtained on days 14, 21, 60, and 120 after infection and were subjected to the histological and immunohistochemical analysis, including study of expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-12.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For strain 396, both disease progression and lung damage were associated with a highly reactive immune response and increased synthesis of iNOS and certain strain properties that may contribute to suppression of TNF-α production. In contrast, for strain 6691, a low reactivity of the immune response was detected, with statistically significantly lower values of the relative area of expression of iNOS and TNF-α at all time points.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The progression of the disease and damage of lung tissue in mice were associated with a highly reactive immune response, increased synthesis of iNOS, and strain properties that may reduce TNF-α production. iNOS and TNF-α can serve as molecular markers of the human immune response characterizing the differential virulence of these M. tuberculosis subtypes in a murine model.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 3","pages":"245-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Determinants of Early Structural Lung Damage Following Intensive Tuberculosis Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Harry Akza Putrawan, Zainul Muttaqin","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_146_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_146_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Post-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) is an important cause of persistent respiratory morbidity, yet clinical factors associated with structural lung abnormalities during anti-tuberculosis treatment remain poorly understood. This study explored routinely available clinical factors associated with early structural lung damage following completion of the intensive treatment phase.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 38 adults with newly diagnosed, microbiologically confirmed, drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis. Baseline demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected before treatment initiation. Early structural lung damage was evaluated by chest radiography after the 2-month intensive phase. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify clinical factors associated with early structural lung damage. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to describe the performance of significant laboratory variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Radiographic evidence of early structural lung damage was identified in 31 participants (81.57%). Underweight nutritional status was more frequent among participants with fibrosis ( P = 0.002). After multivariable adjustment, platelet count remained independently associated with early structural lung damage (adjusted OR 0.986, 95% CI 0.972-1.000; P = 0.047), whereas random blood glucose was not. Platelet count and random blood glucose yielded AUC values of 0.742 and 0.776, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Platelet count remained independently associated with early structural lung damage after the intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis treatment, whereas underweight nutritional status was more common among participants with radiographic fibrosis. These findings warrant validation in larger multicenter prospective studies before informing clinical risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 3","pages":"290-298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Performance of Multiplex Allele-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction for Isoniazid Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis : Comparison with Phenotypic Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube Drug-susceptibility Testing.","authors":"Subair, Zainul Muttaqin, Indas Wari Rahman, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Handayani","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_162_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_162_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rapid detection of isoniazid (INH) resistance remains important for tuberculosis management, although targeted molecular assays may not capture the full genetic heterogeneity underlying phenotypic resistance. This study evaluated multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (MAS-PCR) for detecting INH resistance-associated molecular patterns in Mycobacterium tuberculosis .</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study included 100 sputum specimens, comprising 70 acid-fast bacilli smear-positive and 30 smear-negative specimens. Phenotypic INH susceptibility was determined using Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube drug-susceptibility testing (DST-MGIT). MAS-PCR interrogated resistance-associated regions, with particular emphasis on katG315 and ahpC. Diagnostic performance and agreement were assessed in the primary evaluable population of 64 smear-positive specimens with paired MAS-PCR and DST-MGIT results.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 64 evaluable specimens, MAS-PCR yielded 5 true-positive, 3 false-negative, 0 false-positive, and 56 true-negative results. Sensitivity was 62.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.5%-91.5%), specificity of 100.0% (95% CI: 93.6%-100.0%), positive predictive value of 100.0% (95% CI: 47.8%-100.0%), negative predictive value of 94.9% (95% CI: 85.9%-98.9%), and accuracy of 95.3% (95% CI: 86.9%-99.0%). Overall agreement was 95.3%, with substantial agreement beyond chance (Cohen's κ≈0.745). The exact McNemar's test showed no evidence of systematic directional discordance ( P = 0.250). The targeted katG315 mutation-associated pattern occurred exclusively among phenotypically resistant specimens, whereas no targeted ahpC pattern was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MAS-PCR demonstrated high specificity and substantial agreement with DST-MGIT among evaluable smear-positive specimens but incomplete sensitivity for phenotypic INH resistance. These findings support its use as a complementary targeted molecular approach rather than a replacement for phenotypic DST.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 3","pages":"311-322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Qatar: Eight-year Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Joanne Daghfal, Sara Al Balushi, Masautso Chaponda, Hani Ghassan, Faraj Howady, Hussam Alsoub, Samar Hashim, Muna Al Maslamani","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_242_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_242_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health challenge, responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality. Understanding national epidemiological patterns, particularly in countries with large expatriate populations, is essential to update and guide both local and international TB control strategies. This study describes the epidemiology of TB in Qatar over an 8-year period (2016-2023).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort analysis using the Communicable Disease Center national TB registry. All individuals with confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection were included. Demographic characteristics, incidence, mortality, site of disease, and drug resistance patterns were included. Incidence rates were calculated using national population estimates and stratified by age, sex, nationality, and clinical form.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6373 TB cases were reported during the study period. Annual incidence fluctuated between 20 and 37 per 100,000 population, consistently below both the global average and the World Health Organization End TB 2025 milestone target. A temporary spike was observed in 2021, possibly related to COVID-19 disruptions in health services and migration patterns. The majority of cases occurred in the 25-54 years age group. Males had consistently higher incidence rates than females. Non-Qataris accounted for the overwhelming majority of cases, particularly expatriates from high TB burden countries. The proportion of rifampicin-resistant or multidrug-resistant TB remained stable at 0.5%-1.8%, below the global average, with two cases of extensively drug-resistant TB identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TB incidence in Qatar remains relatively low, with the burden falling disproportionately on working-age male expatriates from high-incidence countries. The findings highlight the importance of targeted screening, continuity of TB services during health system disruptions, and sustained surveillance of drug-resistant TB. These results provide insights relevant not only to Qatar but also to other low-incidence, high-migration countries striving to achieve global TB elimination goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 2","pages":"123-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Infection in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Treated with Mycophenolate Mofetil.","authors":"Umabalan Thirupathy, Pili Kamenju, Khanjan Rajesh Patel, Houman Javady","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_73_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_73_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium haemophilum is a very rare and slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria that affects mainly immunocompromised patients. Only 250 cases have been reported in the literature since its discovery in 1978. We report a case of a 69-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis on mycophenolate mofetil who presented with worsening skin nodules. The presence of lower limb edema and proteinuria further confounds the clinical picture toward a lupus flare. Despite treatment for a lupus flare, she developed high-grade fever and new skin nodules, posing a clinical dilemma. She had multiple subcutaneous nodules with ecchymosis along the bilateral thighs and dorsum of the left hand down to the left index finger and along the ulnar aspect of the left wrist, without periungual erythema. Skin biopsy revealed granulomatous inflammation with numerous acid-fast bacilli. The organism was subsequently identified as M. haemophilum by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Clinicians should have a low threshold for suspicion of mycobacterial infection and their cutaneous manifestations in immunocompromised patients. Failure to respond to usual treatments should trigger a skin biopsy in a timely manner. New bacterial identification techniques such as gene sequencing and MALDI-TOF are very useful to identify fastidious organisms and to plot appropriate treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 2","pages":"171-175"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene Mutation Characteristics and Cluster Analysis of Multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Urumqi.","authors":"Jiandong Yang, Pengwei Lou, Yanggui Chen, Na Xue, Peisheng Wang","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_52_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_52_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is difficult to treat and has a high transmission risk and a poor prognosis, imposing a severe burden on patients and their families. The aim of this study is to explore the molecular biological characteristics of MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in Urumqi through the analysis of gene mutations and the clustering patterns of MDR MTB strains.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study focused on TB patients diagnosed and registered with culture-positive MTB who were over the age of 16 in Urumqi. The GenoType MTBDRplus assay and mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeat techniques were employed to analyze gene mutations and the genetic clustering of MDR-TB strains in Urumqi.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 319 MTB strains analyzed, the Beijing genotype was predominant, accounting for 49.53%. Of the MDR MTB strains, 14 were identified, with the Beijing genotype being the most prevalent (73.68%), and the prevalence of MDR MTB in Beijing strains was 8.86%. The clustering rate of MDR MTB in Urumqi was found to be 5.26%. In addition, a special genotype was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The molecular biological characteristics of MDR MTB in Urumqi exhibit distinct features. Therefore, modern molecular epidemiological techniques, such as molecular biology and deoxyribonucleic acid fingerprinting, are critical for improving diagnostic speed, enabling effective case tracking, and investigating the sources of transmission in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"15 2","pages":"130-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148360475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}