International Journal of Mycobacteriology最新文献

{"title":"Detection and Significance of Anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific Immunoglobulin G Antibody Response for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay.","authors":"Pooja Chaudhary, Keshar K Mohanty, Santosh Kumar, Arun P Sikarwar, Shripad A Patil","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_96_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_96_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluates an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test for the detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response using in-house prepared Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv soluble extract (MTSE) antigen for rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 758 PTB patients (652 acid-fast bacilli [AFB] positive and 106 AFB-negative), 276 healthy controls, and 43 pulmonary infectious disease controls other than TB were recruited. IgG antibody level against MTSE was measured in serum samples of all study groups. The level of IgG antibody responses was compared among groups by the Kruskal-Wallis test, and pairwise comparison was made by the Mann-Whitney test. A positive score was represented by optical density (OD) above the cutoff value, which was calculated from OD values of healthy controls by adding 2 standard deviations (SDs) to the mean OD value. The evaluation of diagnostic value was considered based on sensitivity and specificity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significantly higher levels of IgG antibody response were observed in PTB patients compared to other groups (P < 0.0001). The percent positivity for the IgG antibody response was higher in AFB-positive 574/652 (88.04%) and 79/106 (74.53%) AFB-negative PTB patients as compared to healthy control 9/276 (3.26%) and non-TB other pulmonary infectious disease control 3/43 (6.97%). The sensitivity of the test in PTB patients (AFB-positive and AFB-negative) was 86.15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 83.48-88.53), and the specificity was 96.74% (95% CI: 93.90-98.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This immunological test could be an efficient test in detecting IgG antibody response in PTB patients and could be useful for diagnosing AFB-negative presumptive TB cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 3","pages":"289-297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rare Case of Mycobacterium marinum in Vietnam.","authors":"Ba Hoang Anh Mai, Thi Quynh Trang Tran, Thi Bao Chi Le, Tran Bao Song Nguyen, Phuc Nhu Ha Nguyen, Tuan Anh Vu","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_66_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_66_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mycobacterium marinum is slow-growing mycobacteria, a common atypical mycobacteria that causes opportunistic infections in humans and is capable of causing disease in the skin and soft tissues. This cutaneous disorder has a wide clinical spectrum with cutaneous inflammation and granulomatous nodules that can spread along with the distribution of the lymphatic system. The infection predominantly affects the extremities. The accurate diagnosis is often challenging, requiring the presence of bacteria at the lesion. Conventional treatment usually requires a combination of antibiotics and long-term use. To report a case of M. marinum infection successfully treated with ethambutol and clarithromycin, we present a 71-year-old male patient who lives in the coastal area developed purulent hand inflammation and many subcutaneous nodular lesions. The diagnosis was based on the analysis of hand nodules using histopathology, Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and polymerase chain reaction. This positive outcome gives insight into a rare skin infection in Vietnam and strengthens suggested treatment guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 3","pages":"302-305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rare Case of Vertebral Osteomyelitis Caused by Mycobacterium farcinogenes in an Immunocompetent Host.","authors":"Nitin Shivaji Kumbhar, Viplov Vinod Vaidya, Sagar Chandrakar, Rahul Pramod Patil, Anup Abhimanyu Bharsakade","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_79_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_79_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We report a rare case of vertebral osteomyelitis due to Mycobacterium farcinogenes in a patient who had undergone left-sided percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones. Following the procedure, he developed a wound site infection that progressed to vertebral osteomyelitis and a paravertebral abscess. Initial treatment with empirical anti-tubercular drugs was ineffective. A computed tomography-guided aspiration and biopsy identified acid-fast bacilli as M. farcinogenes using Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight. Treatment was then tailored based on the susceptibility results, leading to a positive response.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 3","pages":"298-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota of the Lung Tuberculoma: Paucibacillary Bacterial Community.","authors":"Oleg Ogarkov, Elizaveta Orlova, Alexey Suzdalnitsky, Igor Mokrousov","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_126_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_126_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Caseum, the central necrotic material of tuberculous lesions, is a reservoir of drug-resistant persisting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). However, tubercle bacilli are not the only bacterial inhabitants of this necrosis. We discuss the available data on metagenomic and amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA of caseous necrosis from surgically excised tuberculosis (TB) foci. This approach facilitated the characterization of the biodiversity and the potential biochemical pathways of these bacterial communities. We postulate that in terms of MTB content relative to satellite anaerobic lipophilic bacteria, caseum may present two distinct terminal states. \"True\" TB necrosis, containing 99.9% tubercle bacilli, and a polymicrobial community wherein anaerobic lipophilic bacteria predominate over MTB. Isolation from caseum and genomic characterization of several Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus species support this concept.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 3","pages":"209-218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing and Molecular Characteristics Related to Clarithromycin and Amikacin Resistance in Mycobacterium abscessus Complex Isolated from Patients with Pulmonary Infection at National Hospital 74, Vietnam.","authors":"Vu Thi Thuong, Bui Thi Thanh Nga, Le Thi Lan Anh, Nguyen Van Doai, Nguyen Minh Phuong, Luu Van Doan, Pham Viet Hung","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_118_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_118_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mycobacterium abscessus complex (MABC) is an important cause of opportunistic infections in the respiratory tracts. Data on antimicrobial resistance of MABC in Vietnam were still lacking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From December 2021 to July 2022, mycobacteria growth indicator tube (MGIT) culture and hsp65 gene sequencing were conducted to identify nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) from patients with respiratory infections at National Hospital 74, Vietnam. Finally, 123 NTM trains were retrieved. Out of them, 40 MABC were identified and tested for susceptibility to isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, amikacin (AK), moxifloxacin, clarithromycin (CLR), and linezolid (LZD). DNA sequencing of erm (41), rrl, and rrs genes was performed on all CLR-resistant strains and one CLR-susceptible strain (as control).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 40 MABC strains, including 23 M. abscessus subsp. massiliense (M. massiliense), 16 subsp. abscessus (M. abscessus), and one subsp. bolletii (M. bolletii) were resistant to first-line antituberculosis drugs. Susceptibility was 40/40 in AK and 38/40 in LZD. For CLR, 24/40 strains were susceptible (23 M. massiliense, one M. abscessus). Of 16/40 strains that resisted with CLR, one M. bolletii and 14 M. abscessus exhibited inducible resistance and one M. abscessus had acquired resistance. All 16 CLR-resistant strains carried erm (41) T28 genotype, and the CLR-susceptible M. abscessus strain had T28C. No mutations associated with AK and CLR resistance were found in rrs and rrl genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inducible CLR resistance was predominant, associated with erm (41) T28 genotype. AK and LZD appear to be promising for the treatment of MABC. CLR remains effective against M. massiliense but is less suitable for treating M. abscessus.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 3","pages":"282-288"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145069528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When Peritoneal Tuberculosis Mimics Carcinomatosis: A Diagnostic Enigma.","authors":"Margarida Soares Resendes, Ana Paiva Santos, Daniela Meireles, Flávio G Pereira","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_19_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_19_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Abdominal tuberculosis (TB) can present with the involvement of the peritoneum, stomach, intestinal tract, hepatobiliary tree, pancreas, perianal area, or lymph nodes. Peritoneal TB is one of the most challenging forms to diagnose and usually occurs through reactivation of latent TB infection or through hematogeneous spread in the setting of active pulmonary TB. A 25-year-old male from Guinea-Bissau, with multiple visits to the emergency department in the last month due to several daily soft stools and generalized abdominal pain. He returned with an abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealing irregular ascites and suspected peritoneal carcinomatosis. He was admitted for an etiological study, and an abdominal CT scan was repeated, which showed diffuse thickening of the stomach wall. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 14 mm/1 h and C-reactive protein of 1.24 mg/dL. Interferon-gamma release assay was positive. Acid-fast bacilli smear in sputum and blood and urine cultures in Loewenstein-Jensen medium were negative. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed Helicobacter Pylori infection and colonoscopy was normal. Positron emission tomography-CT confirmed the abdominal CT findings. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed to clarify the etiology, and pathological anatomy revealed findings compatible with tuberculosis. Treatment with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutolepyridoxine was started. Although abdominal TB continues to be a significant health problem in the developing world, recently, there has been an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with abdominal TB in parts of the world where TB generally was rare. This is partly a result of increasing travel and migration and also of the rising number of HIV patients who are susceptible to opportunistic infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 2","pages":"204-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolutionary Genetic Analysis of the Pyrazinamidase Gene in Seven Global Populations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.","authors":"Neha Kumari, Nikhat Khan, Aparup Das","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_30_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_30_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to identify the signatures of natural selection in the pyrazinamidase (pncA) gene to see if genetic adaptations by Darwinian natural selection have shaped genetic composition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present analyses were based on 209 DNA sequences (561 bp) of the pncA gene of the bacterial pathogen, Mtb from seven different counties (Peru, Pakistan, South Africa, Mexico, India, China, and Kuwait) endemic to tuberculosis (TB). Before conducting tests for Darwinian natural selection in the pncA gene, we conducted several tests for neutrality in all the available DNA sequences after retrieval from public domains. Several statistical analyses under different algorithms were conducted and biological/evolutionary inferences were drawn.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 209 sequences of the pncA gene in Mtb belonging to seven different countries were found to be perfectly aligned with the reference sequence. Data analyses under different population genetic models revealed the highest genetic diversity in India, followed by Peru; the lowest was in China. Interestingly, four populations; Peru, Pakistan, India, and Kuwait were found to be deviated from neutral model of evolution based on Tajima'D (TD) values; two populations (India and Peru) based on Fu and Li's D and F (FLD and FLF) test values and five populations (India, Peru, Pakistan, South Africa, and Kuwait) based on Fay and Wu's H (FWH) test. Moreover, based on the statistically significant results of neutrality tests, evidence for positive selection in three populations (Peru [P < 0.02945], Pakistan [P < 0.01767], and Kuwait [P < 0.00301]) at P < 0.05 level of significance] was found.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present evolutionary genetic analysis of the pncA gene indicates different levels of genetic diversity in seven different country populations. As almost all the global populations showed deviation from neutral model and three populations showed signatures of natural selection, with no specific hotspot region identified for PZA resistance, this gene needs to be studied with larger population size covering countries with TB incidences to study the evolution of drug resistance in Mtb. This will help in the management of drug resistance and TB elimination plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 2","pages":"132-139"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PPE18 and PepA Variations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Makassar, Indonesia: Challenges for Immune Recognition and Vaccine Development.","authors":"Stephanie Cynthia Theorupun, Muhammad Nasrum Massi, Astutiati Nurhasanah, Fadhilah Syamsuri, Mochammad Hatta, Yoeke Dewi Rasita, Najdah Hidayah, Nihayatul Karimah, Doddy Irawan Setyo Utomo","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_70_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_70_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The M72/AS01E tuberculosis vaccine candidate, currently on trial in Indonesia, includes PPE18 (Rv1196) and PepA (Rv0125) as key antigens. Genetic variation in these proteins may affect immune recognition and vaccine efficacy. This study aims to analyse the genetic diversity of Rv1196 and Rv0125 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Indonesia and assess the structural and immunological implications using in silico methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rv1196 and Rv0125 genes from clinical isolates were sequenced and analysed for polymorphisms. PPE18 variants were modelled using I-TASSER (Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement), and structural stability and HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) binding predictions (HLA-I and HLA-II) were performed using IEDB (Immune Epitope Database) tools. Molecular docking with TLR2 (Toll-like Receptor 2) was conducted to evaluate receptor interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A novel non-synonymous mutation (T22G, Ser8Ala) was identified in Rv0125, which was otherwise conserved. Rv1196 showed high variability with 58 polymorphic sites, including 38 non-synonymous mutations, a frequent Arg287Gln substitution, and a ΔThr163-Ala164 deletion. Structural modelling indicated preserved PPE18 fold but altered epitope binding in an allele-specific manner. Docking showed stronger TLR2 interactions for variants 6S31 and 6S32, suggesting enhanced IL-10 induction and a Th2-skewed immune response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PPE18 genetic variation may influence immune recognition and the effectiveness of M72/AS01E. Ongoing antigenic surveillance in endemic areas is essential to guide vaccine design and diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 2","pages":"191-200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in HIV Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Drugs in Cameroon.","authors":"Gerades Dely Djoufack, Lem Edith Abongwa, Allan Olayemi Campbell, Julian Sydney Olufemi Campbell, Kabir Gorden, Jean M Mendimi Nkodo, Christian Happi, Onikepe Folarin","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_47_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_47_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS, who face a tenfold higher risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection. TB-HIV coinfection complicates disease management due to drug interactions, overlapping toxicities, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, and high treatment burdens, potentially driving drug resistance. The emergence of resistant MTB further exacerbates this challenge. This study evaluated the drug resistance profile of MTB in TB-confirmed samples from HIV-positive patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 216 sputum samples from HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy at Jamot Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon (June-September 2022). Two consecutive samples per patient underwent fluorescent microscopy (Auramine-Rhodamine stain) and TB-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. DNA was extracted using the GenoLyse® kit (Hain Lifescience, Germany), and drug resistance profiles were assessed via GenoType® MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl line probe assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TB was confirmed in 12.04% (26/216) of participants. Rifampicin (RIF) and isoniazid (INH) resistance were each detected in 50% (13/26) of cases, with 23% (6/26) exhibiting multidrug-resistance (MDR). Predominant mutations included rpoB MUT2B (15.38%) for RIF and inhA MUT2A (23.06%) for INH. Second-line resistance analysis revealed 61.54% (8/13) resistance to kanamycin (KAN)/amikacin (AMK)/viomycin, 7.69% (1/13) to AMK/capreomycin/viomycin, and 7.69% (1/13) to KAN. Notably, 61.54% (8/13) lacked the rrs wild-type probe, indicating resistance to injectable TB drugs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High MDR-TB prevalence was observed among HIV-TB coinfected patients, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced resistance surveillance and optimized treatment strategies in TB/HIV-endemic regions like Cameroon. Further research is warranted to elucidate HIV's role in driving TB drug resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 2","pages":"182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the Effect of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Tumor Necrosis Factor Gene Polymorphisms on the Incidence of Tuberculosis.","authors":"Jalaledin Ghanavi, Poopak Farnia","doi":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_71_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_71_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis and its pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, are a major health challenge. The causative agent of tuberculosis is M. tuberculosis complex and is transmitted through airborne droplets. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is one of the cytokines that mediate a major role in the cellular immune response to tuberculosis and is essential for pathogen clearance, control of mycobacterial growth, and facilitation of apoptosis of infected cells. Susceptibility to tuberculosis and disease progression are influenced by environmental factors and the host's genetic predisposition. TNF polymorphisms affect disease susceptibility and patient response to drugs and treatment. Various studies have been conducted to associate TNF polymorphisms with susceptibility to tuberculosis. This activity aims to review the role of TNF-α cytokine and the impact of its polymorphisms on the occurrence of tuberculosis and compiles recent mechanistic and epidemiological findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14133,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mycobacteriology","volume":"14 2","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144336423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}