{"title":"Automated fault tolerance evaluator for system design, simulation, and analysis","authors":"L. Pullum","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111315","url":null,"abstract":"An automated fault tolerance design, simulation, and analysis tool is described which enables users to evaluate reliability and fault tolerant characteristics of complex and adaptive multiprocessing systems. The evaluation tool employs graphics and text user interfaces, redesigned software and hardware fault tolerance templates, graphics model preprocessing and simulation, and analysis and postprocessing techniques to provide offline reliability and fault tolerance measures for proposed software and/or hardware systems. The automated fault tolerance evaluator (AFTE) tool set allows system designers and analysts to implement fault tolerance early in the design phase through a validated computer-aided engineering environment. If fault tolerance capability must be added to existing systems, AFTE provides rapid modeling and analysis capability to support retrofit design efforts. The library of widely used components and fault tolerance templates aids the rapid development of simulation models of design alternatives and easy incorporation of validated fault tolerance process models into the system model. The simulation and analysis capabilities enable the user to validate system designs, evaluate alternative designs, and point out areas of possible redesign.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134504165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reliability and cost considerations for launch vehicle avionics","authors":"J. Wensley, D.D. Uhrich","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111273","url":null,"abstract":"The optimum redundancy for an avionics processor can be determined from cost and reliability considerations. The use and expense of redundant architectures are examined, along with the cost and advantages of using space-qualified parts. The advanced launch system (ALS) vehicle model was used for the comparisons. Avionics redundancy models included duplex, triple modular redundancy, and quad systems. Processors were modeled as simplex, dual self-checking pairs, or triplex checking. Cost factors were those which result in the cost per launched vehicle. These included cost of launch equipment, cost of scrubbing a launch, failure investigation, repair, and the cost of money due to schedule delays. The primary conclusion reached was that the use of redundancy to achieve fault tolerance is required for higher value missions. The use of less-highly qualified parts can lower costs for less expensive payloads, but will require a culture change to allow launching with known faults. The need for greater emphasis on determination of coverage for fault-tolerant systems was demonstrated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116103339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flight control system design factors for applying automated testing techniques","authors":"Joel R. Sitz, Todd H. Vernon","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111292","url":null,"abstract":"The principal design features and operational experiences of the X-29 forward-swept-wing aircraft and F-18 high alpha research vehicle (HARV) automated test systems are discussed. It is noted that operational experiences in developing and using these automated testing techniques have highlighted the need for incorporating target system features to improve testability. Improved target system testability can be accomplished with the addition of nonreal-time and real-time features. Online access to target system implementation details, unobtrusive real-time access to internal user-selectable variables, and proper software instrumentation are all desirable features of the target system. Also, test system and target system design issues must be addressed during the early stages of the target system development. Processing speeds of up to 20 million instructions/s and the development of high-bandwidth reflective memory systems have improved the ability to integrate the target system and test system for the application of automated testing techniques. It is concluded that new methods of designing testability into the target systems are required.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121805364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modular avionics retrofit applications","authors":"E. Hitt, W. Bates, S. Emadi","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111361","url":null,"abstract":"Cost-benefit data on the use of common hardware and software modules across multiple weapon systems are presented. The F-111, F-15, F-16, KC-135, and E-3 aircraft are analyzed, and subsystems which are high-maintenance items that can be replaced by common modules (hardware and software) and used in all of these aircraft types are identified. It is shown that the development and retrofit of common hardware and software modules in these aircraft types for the functions analyzed will result in a saving of 2-5 billion dollars (depending upon the number of aircraft retrofits, the starting date of the program and the actual program management concept paralleling that suggested in this study). The Air Force Logistic command maintains far more aircraft than would be produced during any new aircraft development and production system. It is suggested that program decisions should be based on the total life cycle cost of maintaining the existing aircraft. Maintenance costs can be substantially reduced by inserting new technology systems designed to be highly reliable and fault tolerant, and to require minimum maintenance, as suggested.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125955893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Holmann, I. Linscott, M. J. Maurer, G. L. Tyler, V. Libby
{"title":"Fault tolerant, radiation hard, high performance digital signal processor (for spacecraft receiver)","authors":"E. Holmann, I. Linscott, M. J. Maurer, G. L. Tyler, V. Libby","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111334","url":null,"abstract":"An architecture has been developed for a high-performance VLSI digital signal processor that is highly reliable, fault-tolerant, and radiation-hard. The signal processor, part of a spacecraft receiver designed to support uplink radio science experiments at the outer planets, organizes the connections between redundant arithmetic resources, register files, and memory through a shuffle exchange communication network. The configuration of the network and the state of the processor resources are all under microprogram control, which both maps the resources according to algorithmic needs and reconfigures the processing should a failure occur. In addition, the microprogram is reloadable through the uplink to accommodate changes in the science objectives throughout the course of the mission. The processor will be implemented with silicon compiler tools, and its design will be verified through silicon compilation simulation at all levels from the resources to full functionality. By blending reconfiguration with redundancy the processor implementation is fault-tolerant and reliable, and possesses the long expected lifetime needed for a spacecraft mission to the outer planets.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128821424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of industry-standard guidelines for the validation of avionics support","authors":"K. Hayhurst, A.M. Shagnea","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111299","url":null,"abstract":"The application of industry standards to the development of avionics software is discussed, focusing on verification and validation activities. It is pointed out that the procedures that guide the avionics software development and testing process are under increased scrutiny. The Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics DO-178A guidelines, Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, are used by the US Federal Aviation Administration for certifying avionics software. To investigate the effectiveness of the DO-178A guidelines for improving the quality of avionics software, guidance and control software (GCS) is being developed according to the DO-178A development method. It is noted that, due to the extent of the data collection and configuration management procedures, any phase in the life cycle of a GCS implementation can be reconstructed. Hence, a fundamental development and testing platform has been established that is suitable for investigating the adequacy of various software development processes. In particular, the overall effectiveness and efficiency of the development method recommended by the DO-178A guidelines are being closely examined.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121174445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Interface and wiring design to alleviate the impact of high-energy RF fields upon signal transmission","authors":"T. Richmond","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111320","url":null,"abstract":"It is pointed out that the effects of high-energy RF (HERF) upon avionic system operation can be reduced to a benign level if the external interface circuits and cabling possess sufficient design margin to allow continuous and accurate operation while this radiated threat is present. Digital interfaces constructed of balanced and differential transceivers can obtain in excess of 15 dB rejection of the coupled common-mode threat when compared to single-ended circuits. It is noted that transformer coupling of balanced, differential interface circuits to the cable will further reduce the amount of coupled common-mode noise detected by the receiving circuit. The effectiveness of cable shielding with overbraid is strongly dependent on the shield termination at each cable end; peripheral terminations into EMI backshells can offer up to 30 dB greater shielding effectiveness than wire (pigtail) terminated shields.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127816357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a RISC-based, high-performance, miniature computer system (for SDI interceptor)","authors":"T. Hanson, B. K. Smith, C. Shelor","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111364","url":null,"abstract":"A high-throughput, reduced-instruction-set-computer (RISC)-based, lightweight computer system has been developed. The hardware and software design and fabrication efforts to produce that machine are described. The effects of a RISC microprocessor in an embedded, real-time, data processing application are discussed. It is shown that, in spite of the limitations of the selected CPU (minimal hardware interrupt capability, rigid memory architecture expectations, and complex interface timing requirements), a variety of hardware and software techniques were used to capitalize on the R3000's outstanding processing capability. The final result in an operating, high-performance computer, capable of real-time, embedded processing.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127926247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ada and expert systems: the Intelligent Missile Project","authors":"T. Mossberg","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111282","url":null,"abstract":"The Intelligent Missile Project was formed to develop techniques for embedding rule-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems in the US Navy's tactical air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles, and to concurrently develop tools that will assist in AI systems development. The author discusses the overall approach taken by the project, including some of the technical problems encountered, solutions to these problems, and two missile applications where AI technology is being used. Based on experience gained during this project, it is concluded that Ada can be used to develop rule-based systems. However, with the advent of rule-based processors, work in Ada will be slowed down at least temporarily while this technology is being investigated. The new hardware technology has the potential to overcome a major obstacle to using rule-based systems for hard real-time applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130991605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Integration of terrain elevation and feature data for tomorrow's cockpits","authors":"R. Young, J. Siferd","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111343","url":null,"abstract":"The major use of digital terrain and feature data has been for radar prediction, intervisibility calculations, and in some cases, a replacement for conventional paper charts. It is noted that, as additional and more accurate spatial (digital) data products become available, and new digital utilization technologies are developed, new weapon systems will become increasingly dependent on these spatial products. Spatial (digital) data products are defined as a combination of old (archival) recent, and/or real-time data. These products will improve mission performances in the areas of mission planning and optimum route selection; threat and terrain detection and obstacle avoidance; autonomous navigation; dynamic route planning; and situation awareness. These digital data products will be included as an integral part of specific weapon systems. Using the Integrated Terrain Access and Retrieval System (ITARS) as a prototype for a future information management system, some of the efforts at integrating these data into the cockpit are described.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"405 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131067323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}