{"title":"Determination of washout performance of various monochrome displays under simulated flight ambient and solar lighting conditions","authors":"V. M. Batson, J. B. Robertson, R. Parrish","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111330","url":null,"abstract":"The aircraft cockpit ambient lighting simulation system (ACALSS) has been developed to study display readability and associated pilot/vehicle performance effects in a part-task simulator cockpit. In the study reported, the ACALSS was used to determine the illumination levels at which subjects lose the ability to maintain aircraft states when using three display technologies as display media for primary flight displays: a standard monochrome EL (electroluminescent) flat-panel, a laboratory-class monochrome cathode-ray tube (CRT), and an enhanced-brightness EL flat-panel. The multivariate statistical technique of modified profile analysis was used to test for performance differences between display devices as functions of illumination levels.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123757688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laboratory concepts in avionics software","authors":"R.L. Harris","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111297","url":null,"abstract":"Several concepts which are the focus of software technology at the US Air Force Avionics Laboratory are discussed: automatic programming, software fault tolerance, reusable software, expert code modification, common Ada run-time systems, and modular embedded software for distributed systems. These concepts apply to three phases of avionics systems life: conceptual, developmental, and operational. It is noted that breakthroughs in any one of these concepts will result in an order-of-magnitude improvement in the operations, performance, and maintenance of avionics in tactical weapon systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125627502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault-tolerant parallel processors for avionics with reduced maintenance","authors":"D. Rennels, J. Rohr","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111317","url":null,"abstract":"Architectural issues and approaches for implementing fault-tolerant parallel processors in avionics systems and other dedicated applications requiring high levels of dependability are discussed. For these systems it is desirable to provide both a high degree of fault tolerance and a system that can operate for extended periods of time without external maintenance. With current technology it is possible to operate dependably for months between maintenance events. The longer-term goal should be maintenance-free operation (a computer that outlasts its host system). It is argued that new high-density packaging techniques may make this type of long-life fault-tolerant design an attractive choice in controlling the life-cycle costs of the next generation of systems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124378920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System architecture for Byzantine resilient computation in launch vehicle applications","authors":"M. Iacoponi, R. Grisell","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111307","url":null,"abstract":"A system architecture for fault-tolerant computation is presented that meets or exceeds projected unmanned and manned launch vehicle requirements. The system architecture discussed is under development at Harris Corporation on the Advanced Fault-Tolerant Data Processor (AFTDP) project. The AFTDP addresses both long-life missions where resource preservation is critical and shorter-life ultra-reliable missions relevant to launch vehicle applications. A distributed computation model is used to achieve robust fault tolerance based on a Byzantine fault model. The AFTDP employs a high-performance shared-memory multiprocessing model of computation for application programs, which is based on a 20 million instruction per second RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer) processor.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131633089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New insight into understanding the susceptibility of digital avionics to high energy RF (HERF)","authors":"D. Sorensen, G. Fuller","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111319","url":null,"abstract":"Military programs contributed to the understanding of the susceptibility of avionics to the high-energy radio frequency (HERF) threat. It is now possible to calculate the penetration of electromagnetic energy into sensitive electronic circuits, to design protective means into these circuits, and to verify the design protection through analysis and low-level tests followed by a limited number of high-level verification tests. It is suggested that what is needed is to make available to the aircraft industry the following: a comprehensive susceptibility assessment methodology; an assessment tool set; an increased awareness of RF susceptibility of electronic/electrical systems and methods of protection; and a comprehensive application methodology for HERF protection for commercial aircraft and their avionics based on the tools, techniques, and experience developed for the US Department of Defense (DOD). It is further recommended that the transfer of the DOD HERF technology directly to industry for its use and, where necessary, as a service for assessing, correcting, and demonstrating compliance of these systems is needed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131298692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ada on reduced instruction set computers, for real-time embedded systems","authors":"R. Renner","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111281","url":null,"abstract":"The 32-bit reduced-instruction-set-computer (RISC)-based processors have been identified by the Joint Integrated Avionics Working Group as a potential successor to the MIL-STD-1750A 16-bit processor for military applications. It is pointed out that there are a number of important performance issues associated with using high-order languages such as Ada on RISC-based systems. These issues include code generation, register allocation, and pipeline performance. These issues need to be properly addressed when selecting a processor/compiler pair for a project. It is noted that special benchmarks developed to evaluate individual Ada construct performance can be used not only for compiler and processor evaluation and selection, but also to create guidelines that provide timing and size quantization directed at identifying the most efficient set of Ada constructs. Available benchmarks, such as the Common Ada Missile Packages (CAMP) Armonics benchmarks, should be used to provide application-specific criteria for processor-compiler pairs.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"9 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131575342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault tolerance techniques for avionics wavefront array processors","authors":"R. Duncan","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111312","url":null,"abstract":"Fault tolerance techniques for wavefront array processing in an avionics environment are analyzed, emphasizing techniques that exploit the wavefront arrays' asynchronous character. Such salient features as array manager software, dedicated fault report and test links, and programmable array module interconnections are proposed. Detection mechanisms for processor and interconnection network faults are discussed. A centralized, asynchronous approach to fault isolation is described. A three-level strategy for fault recovery is examined. First, programmable module interconnections are used for dynamically swapping processor modules from a pool of spares. Second, affected applications migrate to subsystems with spare processing capacity. Finally, applications are replaced with alternative software versions that utilize a faultless, contiguous subset of array module processing nodes.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"5 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132782743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radar adaptive beamforming algorithms and architectures","authors":"A. Finn, M. F. Griffin","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111285","url":null,"abstract":"Adaptive beamforming algorithms and architectures for phased array radars are reviewed. In particular, the linearly constrained minimum variance (LCMV) beamformer with a normalized least mean square (LMS) weight update algorithm is examined for airborne surveillance applications. LCMV simulation results for realistic clutter, noise, and array miscalibration models are presented. The LCMV beamformer with a normalized LMS weight update algorithm is shown to offer good, performance with minimum computational complexity.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131032130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modularity concepts of the Multi-Path Redundant Avionics Suite (MPRAS)","authors":"G. Herbella","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111305","url":null,"abstract":"The use of modularity within the Multipath Redundant Avionics Suite project is discussed. Modularity is considered at several levels, including systems, subsystems, electronic circuit assemblies and even functionality within circuit assemblies. MPRAS maintains the modularity of PAVE PILLAR and extends it to include modules designed to provide efficient input/output functions and to support implementation of multistring redundancy. A method of configuring multiple sets of avionics modules (clusters) into a fault-tolerant redundant subsystem has been developed. These subsystems are intended to be incorporated into the overall system in a modular fashion to support vehicles such as the advanced launch system, which are themselves designed as modular vehicle families. The software operating system is also modular, based on the Ada high order language, and can be configured for specific vehicle functions. Deterministic system software operation and high levels of avionics testability provide an environment intended to keep system operations costs as low as possible. The result is an avionics architecture which can be used in a wide variety of applications, from the simplest launch vehicles to complex systems envisioned for future space exploration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114216910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tailoring configuration management tools for development of avionics software","authors":"J. Uczekaj, B. Hughes","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111338","url":null,"abstract":"Honeywell's automated configuration management system (ACM), a library system for software development and maintenance on VAX/VMS systems, is described. ACM maintains its library of information through the basic file management services of VMS and through two purchased DEC tools: a relational database (DEC Rdb/VMS) and a code management system (DEC/CMS). ACM stores, controls access to, and tracks changes to project files in order to coordinate software development and maintenance activities for large projects. The automated documentation system is considered, and future extensions to ACM are discussed. The use of ACM is then examined, with attention given to traceability testing and change tracking.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124477366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}