{"title":"Dynamic model dependency for a decentralized linear-quadratic-Gaussian control problem","authors":"K. Malakian, A. Vidmar","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111367","url":null,"abstract":"A decentralized control problem is considered with sensors, controls, and local Kalman estimators at each node for independence and redundancy. Controls using the best estimate of the system state, are sought to minimize a quadratic performance index. It is noted that cross-correction between the nodal estimates due to process noise in the dynamics model must be considered for proper fusion of the estimates. The authors demonstrate the underestimation of the control error variance from neglecting estimate cross correlation via the rendezvous problem for the linear quadratic (LQ) regulator or the fight path control problem for the LQ tracker dynamic models. When steady-state Kalman filters can be used, the calculation and information requirements are significantly reduced. The underestimation of the control error variance is shown to be nonnegligible at high gain values for these filters for each of the dynamics models considered in the rendezvous problem.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134402276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rapid recovery from transient faults in the fault-tolerant processor with fault-tolerant shared memory","authors":"R. Harper, B. Butler","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111314","url":null,"abstract":"The Draper fault-tolerant processor with fault-tolerant shared memory (FTP/FTSM), which is designed to allow application tasks to continue execution during the memory alignment process, is described. Processor performance is not affected by memory alignment. In addition, the FTP/FTSM incorporates a hardware scrubber device to perform the memory alignment quickly during unused memory access cycles. The FTP/FTSM architecture is described, followed by an estimate of the time required for channel reintegration.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128527521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance analysis of Space Station communications protocols","authors":"K. Lockhart, S. Palocsay","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111325","url":null,"abstract":"The Space Station Freedom communications architecture, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) advanced orbiting system (AOS) protocols, and the design of the protocol simulator prototype are discussed. The results from an initial performance analysis of the CCSDS AOS protocols based on processing time and throughput measurements from the protocol simulator are presented. These results illustrate how CCSDS AOS protocol processing is affected by packet size, CCSDS grades of service, and data type. It is demonstrated that neither procedure processing times nor throughput are noticeably affected by CCSDS grade of service. However, the inclusion of processing times for Reed-Solomon and CRC error coding and retransmission effects will change this result. It was found that the multiplexer procedure is the primary bottleneck point of the CCSDS procedures studied. Improved multiplexer performance can be achieved using packet sizes in which segmentation does not occur. It was also found that larger packet sizes provide a higher rate of throughput. However, when the effect of retransmission is considered, larger packet sizes may not provide the highest throughput.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126570586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automatic programming technologies for avionics software (APTAS)","authors":"J. Williamson, P. Jensen, L. Ogata, W. Graves","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111269","url":null,"abstract":"The APTAS software development environment, which provides automatic programming support for both rapid prototyping and target software system development in Ada, is described. APTAS utilizes domain-specific knowledge base support for automatic code synthesis from high-level system specifications. Each domain knowledge base includes both generic system architectures, in the form of templates, and design rules which capture carefully developed implementation strategies of various high-level specifications. Early users of this system will be systems and software engineers whose responsibility is to develop avionics system architectures. With the APTAS system, engineers will be able to quickly compare and contrast various architectural designs, including hardware and software tradeoffs, by testing instrumented, operational prototypes. The engineer will specify the system in a high-level specification language tailored to the functional area. Drawing from a knowledge base germane to the specifications APTAS will then interpret the specification in order to synthesize executable code. The high-level design language CIDL is a key element of APTAS, since it provides all the resources required to specify and test real-time, parallel processing systems needed for avionics applications.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122809356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A traceable systems engineering methodology (military avionics)","authors":"R. Mejzak","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111335","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology is described that can be used in the systems engineering process to develop weapon system requirements as well as a system design. The two major benefits of the methodology are that it provides traceability and facilitates integrated design through the use of a common mission function set and analysis matrices. Application examples are provided for deriving avionics performance requirements and architecture information flow requirements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125038004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application-based requirements for data linked winds aloft","authors":"G. Nelson","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111349","url":null,"abstract":"The winds aloft are important for choosing flight trajectories and predicting arrivals or conflicts in airspace. Frequent samples of the winds aloft taken by aircraft can contribute to better weather forecasting, and they can also be used directly in flight applications. The applicability of wind measurements by in-trail aircraft for trajectory arrival forecasting was investigated. The results are used to recommend wind sampling parameters by aircraft and to assess the impact of wind report downlinks on Mode S data link loadings. It is pointed out that reports of winds and temperatures aloft are already operationally implemented and can be contributed by multiple data links to multiple air and ground users in the future. Even if only Mode S data link is relied upon, the downlink utilization should be tolerable. While constant report rates up to 10 minutes per aircraft may suffice as forecast inputs, real-time en route and terminal ATC applications require decreasing per-aircraft sampling periods with airspace utilization. It is concluded that this and data link constraints argue for the contract polling mode, putting responsibility on the applications themselves for defining sampling parameters of each aircraft.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129799258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A method to quantitatively justify and relate shielding requirements and design margins to hardware requirements (avionics)","authors":"C. Guenther","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111326","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology was developed and utilized for justifying to management, in a quantifiable and understandable way, the need for shielding electronic parts and design margins. The approach related the probability of part failure due to radiation to an associated part reliability. The part reliability was then correlated to an overall subsystem reliability and assessed against the subsystems' requirements. The approach is applicable to any environment whose consequences are cumulative. Consequently, effects resulting from displacement damage can be treated in a similar manner. The results are of interest in connection with the consideration of total dose impacts on electronics in the analysis of a spacecraft's response to the radiation environments encountered on orbit. The proposed approach is applicable to any environment whose consequences are cumulative. Consequently, effects resulting from displacement damage can be treated in a similar manner.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134100092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Space Shuttle critical function audit","authors":"I. Sacks, J. DiPol, P. Su","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111257","url":null,"abstract":"A large fault-tolerance model of the main propulsion system of the US Space Shuttle has been developed. This model is being used to identify single components and pairs of components that will cause loss of Shuttle critical functions. In addition, this model is the basis for risk quantification of the shuttle. The process used to develop and analyze the model is digraph matrix analysis (DMA). The DMA modeling and analysis process is accessed via a graphics-based computer user interface. This interface provides coupled display of the integrated system schematics, the digraph models, the component database, and the results of the fault tolerance and risk analyses.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114134269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Promoting adaptability in real-time, fault-tolerant, distributed operating systems (for military avionics)","authors":"Gary R. Palangian","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111359","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to developing an adaptable and efficient real-time fault-tolerant, distributed operating system written in the Ada programming language, and capable of being flight-certified, is described. The software architecture, in the use of Ada language features in the development of memory management and I/O models, the implementation of process control queues, and the standardization and tailorability of the application interface are discussed. The intent is to demonstrate that a single operating system model may be used to support a variety of core architectures and processing requirements.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116710268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of photonics for advanced integrated avionics processors-PAVE PACE","authors":"C.L. Allyn, E. Hummel, R. J. Pimpinella","doi":"10.1109/DASC.1990.111301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.1990.111301","url":null,"abstract":"It is suggested that advanced photonics offers major benefits to next-generation military avionics in terms of performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. The trends in photonic technologies are discussed, and their applicability for use in integrated avionics systems is assessed. Optical switching, interconnection, and processing are discussed, as well as the potential benefits to advanced architectures such as PAVE PACE. It is concluded that the movement and management of large amounts of data in upcoming systems will not be possible without optics. The major impact will be the widespread use of fiber transmission and optical switching. It is expected that advanced photonic technology for, sensors and system networking (e.g. fly-by-light and smart structures and skins) will also support important improvements in platform performance.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":141205,"journal":{"name":"9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116717305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}