International Journal of Modern Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic affinity of Muslim population in South India based on HLA-DQB1 and relationship with other Indian Populations","authors":"Koohyar Mohsenpour, Adimoolam Chandrasekar","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V12I2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V12I2.4","url":null,"abstract":"The present study made an attempt to observe genetic affinity of the Muslim population in South India with other neighbor populations. In this regard, DQB1 loci of HLA class II gene as a common genetic marker in phylogenetic assessment has been examined in 45 unrelated healthy individuals using sequence-based typing. The result of this study indicates a close genetic similarity among Indian sub-populations, in spite of segregation with other Muslim populations in North India. Although results of present study indicates genetic relationship of selected populations, all HLA loci or at least all loci of each classes to be assessed in order to attain highly probability of estimates. Keywords : South Indian Muslims, Anthropology, HLA","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V12I2.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44988460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malta and Lanzarote (Canary Islands, Spain) cart-ruts and rock prehistoric calendar at Zonzamas, Lanzarote -\"Quesera\"/Cheeseboard","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, Marcial Medina, José Palacio-Gruber, Adrián López-Nares, V. Ruíz-del-Valle","doi":"10.4314/ijma.v2i11.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i11.10","url":null,"abstract":"It is noticed that the abundant Malta cart-ruts fabrication by different cut shape in rocks is similar to “Quesera”/Cheeseboard Lanzarote rock prehistoric lunisolar calendar building. Even more, some Malta cart-ruts associated structures are similar to this Lanzarote rock calendar. Cart-ruts are hand made artifacts that in Malta started to be built up at Bronze Age; at present, they may be found throughout all Mediterranean area (North and South) and also in Atlantic islands, including Lanzarote, as described in this paper, British Islands and Azores. Rock calendar-like structures in Malta are associated to cart-ruts; we have analyzed those at San Gwan, Ta Cenc and San Pawl tat-Targa. It is uncertain whether they might have been used as calendars. Cart-rut purposes have been debated. Some of them may be associated to water collection, but their use to bear vehicles is not credible for many of them are constructed on steep hills, or even top of mountains, and with no sign of vehicles or living beings close to them. We put forward an astronomical /religious purpose for some of them to measure time and directions (space), like most Malta temples do have, i.e.: main door oriented to South, Summer Solstice marking and a Sun calendar throughout 12 months starting June 21st (Mnajdra and Hagar Qim temples). Search of a universal purpose for all extant cart-ruts in all areas, which are time stratified, is not a right approach for us. Keywords: Malta, Cart-ruts, Lanzarote, Quesera/Cheeseboard, Lunisolar calendar, Iberian writing, Guanche writing, Zonzamas, Canary Islands, Guanches, Majos, Archaeoastronomy","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ijma.v2i11.10","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41522138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The moon: in prehistoric lunisolar rock calendar “quesera” cheeseboard- at Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Spain","authors":"Marcial Medina, A. Arnaiz-Villena","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.9","url":null,"abstract":"This present paper is an integral part of another paper which completes the work (Int. J. Mod. Anthrop., 2018, 2:147-161). This part is about Moonrise observations and calculations which have been found from Cheeseboard/\"Quesera\" monument at Lanzarote Island in Zonzamas archaeological area in Canary Islands (Spain). This present paper shows that both a Sun calendar and a Moon calendar adjusted to fit into 29 or 30 solar days months are represented within this Lanzarote prehistoric monument. Age of built is not calculated by absolute methods, but other archaeological items throughout Lanzarote have been dated by C14, between 2nd/1st millennium BC. Genetic, cultural Atlantic and Mediterranean Megalithism and other archaeological / cultural traits suggest that this Cheeseboard/\"Quesera\" may be included in a Megalithic/Bronze Age context which may not be coincidental with this Age in other areas. However, megalithic findings in other Macaronesia Islands (Azores, Madeira, Selvagens) strongly suggest that Canary Islands may also have megalithic culture artifacts. It is possible that people massive emigration that occurred after Sahara desiccation may have also reached Canary Islands in addition to Western Europe and other areas and they may be related to these monument builders. Rock carved strips and ridges, “car-ruts” (megalithic in Malta) which occur in Azores, Lanzarote, Malta Islands, Turkey, Iberia and other World areas, supports a common and ancient culture origin. In any case, builders are more ancient than those who may have received Punic or Roman influence. Keywords: Zonzamas, Quesera, Lanzarote, Canary Islands, Anthropology, Prehistory, Genetics, Iberian Scripts, Calendar, Lunisolar, Sun, Moon, Achano, Archaeology, Berber, Lybic, Scripts, Roman, Latin, Punic, Car-ruts, Majos, Guanches, Majos","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric study of philtrum (face) and other nasal parameters in Nepal","authors":"S. Yadav, B. K. Malla, A. Srivastava, Ram Prasad Timsina, Nityanand Srivastava, Alok Kumar","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.8","url":null,"abstract":"Aim and Objective: The philtrum plays a key role in appearance of upper lip and nostril. Present study aims to determine and compare the philtrum and other nasal parameters of male and female Nepalese, and to provide a comprehensive data for use by anthropologists and medical practitioners. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study involves 400 medical students aged 17-25 years (200 males and 200 females) at Kathmandu Medical College Nepal. Results: The test of significance was done using independent t-test and ANOVA. It was observed that the parameters of nose height (50.813 mm ± SD 4.53), nose length (49.38 mm ± SD 4.56), nose depth (19.81 mm ± SD 2.21), Philtrum length (13.63 mm ± SD 2.35), philtrum width (11.53 mm ± SD 1.23) and columella width (6.323 mm ± SD 0.64) were significant (p-0.001) whereas nose width (49.38 mm ± SD 4.56) was not significant (p= 0.295) among male and female. In general, philtrum and Nasal parameters analyzed are larger in males. Conclusion: The study population has mesorrhine type of nose. All aspects of nose and philtrum, at least those considered here, are highly sexually dimorphic. These findings can be utilized for various purposes in physical anthropology, forensic science and clinical practice and will also provide a future framework for the evaluation of other craniofacial variables in same population. Keywords: Anthropometry; Forensic Science; Face; Nose; Philtrum; Columella; Mesorrhine; Nepal","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43426927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application control region of human mitochondrial DNA in forensic anthropology","authors":"Somayyeh Samehsalari, K. Reddy","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.11","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial genome has particular features that make it a valuable forensic marker; first of all it is present in each somatic cell in high numbers. Therefore, it is more resistant to degradation and more stable under unfavorable conditions than nuclear DNA (nDNA) in highly damaged, degraded or very small quantity of the samples. Secondly, the high mutation rate, lack of recombination and the maternal mode of inheritance are features which make the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) better choice in situations where nDNA cannot be used for the analysis. Thus, forensic Anthropologists can determine how mitochondrial DNA may be best utilized in skeletal remains or hair shafts, which essentially lack nDNA but contain sufficient amounts of mtDNA. The most extensive mtDNA variations between individuals are found within the Control region or hypervariable regions (HVI, HVII, and HVIII) which allowed individuals to be differentiated and it could provide evidence about the identity of crime victims, especially skeletal remains. In this article we review the feature of mtDNA and its role as a reliable tool in Forensic Anthropology. Keywords: Forensic Anthropology, mitochondrial DNA, Hypervariable regions","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.11","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into human early embryo development: a particular theoretical study","authors":"H. Chaabani","doi":"10.4314/ijma.v2i11.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i11.1","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental research on the subject of human early embryo development has been remained insufficient because of ethical norms and legal constraints. In this context, the carrying out of theoretical studies could speed up the slow knowledge progression on this subject. Thus, I present here a particular model of theoretical study based on a synthesis of selected published experimental results combined with what has been provided from my interpretation of scientific signs masked in some Qur‟an verses. In the obtained detailed scenario, I consider that the third cleavage, resulting in 8 blastomeres, is coupled to a particular rearrangement in which 2 daughter cells seem move down and 2 others move up; while the 4 remaining cells seem stay at their initial position (I called them “4 HI cells”). Nevertheless, I consider that the fourth cleavage, resulting in 16 blastomeres, is coupled to a rearrangement that gives the impression of a harmonious descent: in fact, one of each two daughter cells seems pushed down. This descent materializes a morula top–bottom axis, which will go to coincide with the embryo-abembryo axis of the blastocyst. Just after this fourth cleavage, during a polarization process, the nucleuses of the entire 16 cells move towards a basal region. I consider the polarized 16 cells as the precursors of all the Troph-Ectoderm (TE cells), whilst acknowledging that the 4 HI cells are at once precursors of TE cells and the Inner Cell Mass (ICM). Moreover, in this study I evoke, for the first time, the possible contribution of the microvilli of some outer cell surfaces to the guidance and move of the early human embryo all along the oviduct and during the initiate steps of its implantation in the endometrium. At the end I contribute to the classification of the concept of knowledge and I show how this study represents a model of fruitful exchanges between philosophy, science and religion. Key words : Human early embryo development - Troph-Ectoderm (TE cells) - 16 blastomere stage - Morula / blastocyst axis - Microvilli - Early embryo transport - Initiation of implantation - Knowledge definition - Qur‟an scientific signs - Philosophy, science and religion – Dynamism of Holy Qur‟an","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ijma.v2i11.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Youth’s ‘Whirl-wind’ Allegiance to Leadership","authors":"O. Dodo, Jesca Majaha","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.5","url":null,"abstract":"Realising that most youth militias in African politics get to a point where they dump their erstwhile leaders for change and new political dispensation, this study sought to explore the dynamics behind and the main factors driving youth abandonment of their political ideologies for new pursuits. The study conducted through desk analysis followed a qualitative path in order to produce descriptive results. It specifically focused on Africa. Manifest Content Analysis was employed to process data. The study established that most leaders create political environments that do not allow independent intellectuals and youth empowerment resulting in youth getting tied to the leaders‟ ideology for hope and survival. Along the way, they are used to protect the leaders‟ continued stay in office. It also established that over time, most youth realise the level of abuse and what any other alternative might offer for their development before they suddenly and permanently switch sides. Often times, the abandonment of these leaders mark their demise politically. Key words: Political Youth, Development, Allegiance, Leadership, Youth militia, Ideology","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The politics of memory in Samarkand in post-Soviet period","authors":"A. Malikov","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.6","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the author explores the strategy of politics of memory in Samarkand, the hometown of the First President of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov, in the post-Soviet period. The analysis concerns the traditions of Samarkand's memory culture chosen, invented or forgotten in independent Uzbekistan, to form ideas about the past using historical figures, monuments, holy places and renamed streets in Samarkand as examples. In this complex process it is important to take into consideration how the central authorities interacted with the local cultural elite of Samarkand. President Sh.Mirziyoyev formulated new trends in Uzbekistan's foreign policy, which was reflected in the politics of memory in Samarkand. These changes have become symbolic in the new politics of memory in Samarkand aimed at demonstrating the historical roots of the ethnic and religious tolerance in the society and highlighting Samarkand as a key place in the history of the Islamic world and the birthplace of the First President of Uzbekistan I. Karimov. Keywords: Samarkand, memory, identity, shrines, streets, memorials, cultural elites, Uzbekistan, Nation-building, urban studies.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48917975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Naming practices in contemporary Machame-Chagga culture","authors":"A. Lusekelo, Loveluck Muro","doi":"10.4314/ijma.v2i11.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v2i11.3","url":null,"abstract":"Naming practices were cherished in African communities and personal names bestowed to children used to carry some semantic content usually determined by circumstances at birth. An examination of formal names of school children from the Machame-Chagga families exhibits an increasingly diminishing trend of naming practices. Most names of pupils are of English and/or Christian origin and just a fraction of names from a sample of 421 full names appear to be the typical Machame-Chagga names. In addition, Islamic names are numerous, which is another testimony that religion has dismantled the traditional naming system of the Machame-Chagga community. During the integration of foreign religious names, two patterns emanate. On the one hand, many Christian names are expressed in words with semantic content, e.g. Aikaeli „thank you God‟, Aminaeli „thank you God‟ and Ndumiakunde „the Lord tends to love‟. On the other hand, Islamic names in Hai District have been Swahilized, for example Azizi and Mustafa. All in all, the imposition of foreign religion in Machame-Chagga community has eroded the indigene naming system. Keywords : Personal-names, Cultural-change, Machame-Chagga, Onomastic-approach, Tanzania","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ijma.v2i11.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45225825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Children of the forests: Child gatherers and traders in non-wood forest products in the Mazowe Valley area in Zimbabwe","authors":"V. Mabvurira, J. Makhubele","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.2","url":null,"abstract":"Non-wood forest products play a stupendous role in the lives of many people across the globe. The products contribute immensely to household economies as they are either consumed or sold. The object of this study was to give an account of child gatherers of non-wood forest products in the Mazowe Valley area in Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach in which data were gathered from 27 children through participant observations and informal interviews. Children were found to actively participate in the collection and trading of non wood forest products. Child collectors of the products are ranged in age from 4 to 17 years. Some of the children lived in child headed households while some lived with their parents. The NWFPs collected include fodder, small animals, insects, mushroom and wild fruits. Income realized from the sale of the products was used for buying food, clothes, goodies, and paying school fees. It is therefore concluded that non-wood forest products contribute towards poverty reduction, enhance well-being and capabilities, ascertain livelihood adaptation, vulnerability and resilience and natural resource base sustainability. Key Word s: Non-wood forest products, children, child poverty, child food poverty","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47175218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}