International Journal of Modern Anthropology最新文献

{"title":"Inescapable Reflexivity for Social Science Research in India for Now: A Personal Dialogue with the Lived Contexts of Anthropology","authors":"A. Das","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.4","url":null,"abstract":"This is a reflexively critical account of the lived practices particularly of anthropology that might stand broadly valid as well for other social science disciplines in most of the Indian Universities except a few elite ones. This is because the ways the dominant discourses of institutional learning in postcolonial India—more particularly of ‗science‘ disciplines—persist as foreign to and outside our everyday lived realities that their disorienting consequences surface more pronouncedly and specifically in higher education. The writing materializes my becoming of a site of dialogues regarding why, how and what might be the urgent reflexivity about the ―decline narrative‖ in ‗social sciences‘. The reflexive responses, nonetheless, are selective about the themes that I consider salient. They include: (a) how and why we need to accept our ‗reality‘ as ‗hybridity‘ that is assumed to complete and compete for the full circle of going global (‗western‘) and then to create the ‗real‘ differences in the research outcomes; (b) the reflexively critical journey beginning with where and how we stand in field research by merely „being there‟; (c) how we might redraw the possibilities of social science in India and finally (d) why and how the ambivalence of hybrid in-betweenness might help us speaking out ourselves. Thus, we cannot escape how we, like most of the postcolonial nations, unwittingly moved to the stabilising singularity at pre-neoliberal order that hardly could disembed us from the enduring ground of reflexive everydayness, even at the rise of neoliberal unstable multitude. Keywords : Reflexivity, Social Science, Anthropology, Dialogue, Hybridity, Ambivalence, Postcolonial, Merely being there, Fieldwork, Knowing/Becoming, Neoliberal, Education","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46583493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Conflicts within Beer Drinking Settings","authors":"O. Dodo, Gloria Dodo, C. Mwale","doi":"10.4314/ijma.v1i10.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i10.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study examined the role played by the intake of alcohol in as far as resolution of conflicts is concerned. The qualitative investigative study sought to respond to the following aspects; prominent conflicts experienced in beer drinking places, causes of the conflicts and prominent resolution measures applied. It was guided by the Public Sphere theory propounded by Jurgen Habermas which argues that public sphere is an area in social life where people assemble and liberally discuss detecting societal conflicts and effect solutions. The study observed 2 Clubs; X and Y at Chikwanha Business Centre and Zengeza 4 Aquatic shops in Seke rural and urban respectively, Zimbabwe over a three month period. Observations were consistent every Fridays and Saturdays from 1000 hours till 2300 hours. Data were analysed using latent content analysis to allow examination of the participants‟ mannerisms and narratives. The study established that beer drinking leads to more intuition, creativity and audacity regarding adoptability of conflict resolution measures. It also revealed that the most drunken parties implemented the most effective and sustainable conflict resolution measures. The study also noted that beer is a necessary commodity for social stability if religious, cultural and economic rules allow. Keywords : conflict resolution, conflict management, public sphere, beer, conflict","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ijma.v1i10.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43524273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of Azeris (Iran) according to HLA genes","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, José Palacio-Gruber, E. Muñiz, D. Rey, B. Nikbin, Hosein Nickman, C. Campos, J. Martin-Villa, A. Amirzargar","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.5","url":null,"abstract":"Azeris from Iran North West provinces (Tabriz city) have been studied for HLA alleles. A total of 8.902 HLA-bearing chromosomes (Chr 6) have been used for comparing their relatedness with other Middle East, Caucasus, Mediterranean and Central Asia populations. Mediterranean, Central Asian and Caucasus extended HLA haplotypes were found, i.e.: A*24:02-B*35:01-DBR1*11:01-DBQ1*03:01 and A*01:02-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01. Genetic distances, Neighbour Joining and Correspondence analyses also showed that Azeris were close to Kurds, who have shown a closer Mediterranean/Caucasus HLA profile, and Gorgan (Turkmen) who have shown a closer Central Asia profile, as expected. It is shown that three different Iranian populations according to Language, History and Geography: Gorgans, Kurds and Azeris are genetically close. In fact, old Azeri language (Adari) was an Iranian language and not a Turkic one, which they nowadays speak. Also, present study does not support “Aryan” invasion from the East in accordance with many other previous studies. Finally, our results are useful for establishing Preventive Medicine programs in Transplantation and HLA and Pharmacogenomics/Disease linkage. Keywords : HLA, Pharmacogenomics, Disease, Transplantation, Iran, Irak, Georgia, Turkey, Azerbajan, Azeris, Gorgan, Kurds, Yazd, Baloch, Aryan, Dene Caucasian, Zoroastro,Persia.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47089048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainmaking rituals: Song and dance for climate change in the making of livelihoods in Africa","authors":"Mokua Ombati","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.3","url":null,"abstract":"The imperative to climate change in the African continent is a matter of livelihood and survival. To secure and maintain livelihoods, historical evidence indicates that, native African communities had rich indigenous knowledge and science of responding to instances of climate change. This study interrogates extant data on the ethnoscience of rainmaking rituals, as a prototype of African indigenous knowledge on climate change, to show not only its prevalence across the African anthropological space, but also indicate its effectual outcomes in responding to manifestations of climate change. To fully tap into the potentials and strengths of this knowledge and science, the study tenders for its marriage with modern climatological science, for both to partner in providing solutions to the ever-recurring problem of climate change in contemporary Africa. Keywords: Climate Change, African Indigenous Knowledge, Rainmaking Rituals, Livelihoods.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48429863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel description of aldosterone synthase CYP11B2 -344 T>C gene polymorphism related to hypertension in Mexican Amerindians: Teenek, Mixtec and Mayans","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, D. Cruz-Robles, G. Vargas-Alarcón, Filogonio Lopez-Pacheco, J. Rodríguez-Pérez, E. Muñiz, J. C. Arriaga, J. Granados, G. Escobedo, J. Fragoso","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I9.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I9.3","url":null,"abstract":"This is a report on population genetics of -344 T>C polymorphism in Amerindians for the first time. The aim was to establish the frequency of this polymorphism present in the 5’ promoter region of the CYP11B2 gene in Amerindian (Mayans, Mixtecos, and Teenek) and Mestizo populations from Mexico. It has been associated with an aldosterone increase and hypertension. Analyses were carried out by 5’ exonuclease TaqMan genotyping assays in a group of 608 unrelated individuals belonging to four different Mexican populations (301 Mexican Mestizos, 106 Mayans, 151 Mixtecos, and 50 Teenek). The frequencies in these populations were compared to those reported in other ethnic groups. Results showed significant highest frequencies of -344 T allele in Mexican populations (Mestizos and Amerindians) when compared to Europeans and Asians (p C polymorphism distinguishes the Mexican population form others, including Europeans and Asians. The knowledge of the distribution of this allele could be useful in Mexican Amerindians for hypertension prevention, epidemiology and anthropology. Keywords: Amerindians; Aldosterone; Renin; Angiotensin; Cytochrome P450; Mexican; Genetics; Teneek; Mixtec; Mayans; Hypertension; Obesity; Metabolic Syndrome; Diabetes","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I9.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44191911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lunisolar Prehistoric Calendar in Lanzarote Island: \"La Quesera\" (Cheeseboard) from Zonzamas","authors":"Marcial Medina, A. Arnaiz-Villena","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.7","url":null,"abstract":"Zonzamas “Quesera” (Zonzamas “Cheeseboard”) is a lunisolar calendar according to evidences shown in the present paper. It represents Ancient Canarian Year (“Atxano”, meaning “stick,axis or hill shadow”), which started at Summer Solstice, June 21st. Six carved channels –left to right- sequentially represent the first six Canarian months. The first carved channel shows: a) the first Old Canarian month starting June 21st with 30 days; following channels were following five Ancient Canarian months and b) landscape as observed from Zonzamas “Quesera” that includes Maneje and Tahiche mountains (where sun rises June 21st) and part of coast and sea.Also, intermediate (between carved channels) basalt rock prominent strips (right to left) represent sequencially the second six Canarian months ,starting with Winter Solstice when it is the 7th Ancient Canarian month. The 3rd rock strip (right-left direction) represents 9th Ancient Canarian month and has a conic salient, probably representing that a correction should be done in this month (February-March in Gregorian Calendar), for example, adding one day each four years (Leap Year). Thus, Zonzamas ”Quesera” is a 365 year sun calendar according with our evidences, which also may take into account lunar month phases as it will be detailed in another forthcoming paper. Zonzamas “Quesera” is put in context of old “Guanche”/”Majo” aborigen culture which may go back according to archaeological findings to an Epoch of Atlantic/Mediterranean Bronze Age-Megalithic culture at least and before Punic or Roman culture reached Canary Islands. Keywords : Zonzamas, Quesera, Lanzarote, Canary Islands,  Anthropology, Prehistory, Genetics, Iberian Scripts, Calendar, Lunisolar, Sun, Moon, Achano, Archaeology, Berber, Roman, Punic.","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V2I11.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44235787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HLA genes in Atlantic Celtic populations: are Celts Iberians?","authors":"A. Arnaiz-Villena, Ana E Carballo, I. Juárez, E. Muñiz, C. Campos, Beatriz Tejedor, M. Martín-Villa, José Palacio-Gruber","doi":"10.4314/ijma.v1i10.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i10.2","url":null,"abstract":"Atlantic Europe populations were analyzed with HLA genes in order to establish their relationship among themselves and with other populations. Standard genetic and statistical software analyses were used. Celtic populations (British Isles and French Bretons) have genetically been found close together: Irish, Welsh, Orkney Islanders (Scottish), French Bretons, Galicians, Spanish Basques, Portuguese, cluster together in DA genetic distances, correspondence analysis and Neighbour Joining dendrograms. Genetics have been shown by itself not suffice to determine populations migration/relatedness. Aristotle and Herodotus placed Celts in Iberia and R1b chromosome Y marker is high in Iberia and all Celtic European populations above mentioned (probably stemming from Iberian Ice refugee after Last Glaciation) and Ancient Celt language (Gaelic) is being translated from Iberian-Tartesian language: these suggest that Celts and Iberians, so named by Classic authors, constitute the same population. On the other hand, a) R1b gene analysis of Canary Islands ancient inhabitants (Guanches), b) abundant Iberian scripts are also found in Canary Islands, c) a established North Africa/Iberia ancient gene flow, and d) no evidence of demic diffusion from eastern to western Mediterranean according to human ancient skeleton studies is noticed in Mesolithic/Neolithic transition: these facts suggest that ancient Canary Islanders may be included within the Iberian/Celtic population. Our conclusions are that: 1) Celts are concentrated in Atlantic Europe, 2) Iberians and Celts mentioned by classic authors most probably refer to the same population living in Iberian Peninsula (Spain/Portugal); in addition, North African Berbers and ancient Canary Islanders also belong to this group 3) Postulated farmers demic diffusion in a East to West Mediterranean direction never existed. Keywords: Celts, Iberians, Picts, Scottish, Orkney Islands, Irish, British (English), French Bretons, Welsh, Basques, Galicians, Canary Islands, Mediterranean demic diffusion, Gaelic language","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ijma.v1i10.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Tunisian Revolution “The free, youth revolution” from an anthropological perspective","authors":"H. Chaabani","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.1","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper I focus on the anthropological aspects of the Tunisian Revolution of 2011 showing how anthropology could offer several angles of insight into the study of this revolution, which represents a new model of political revolutions. I show that this revolution has three major particularities: the young age of the revolutionaries, the independence of their thought and action, and their nonviolence. These particularities would not remove it from the political revolution category, but they mark a new step of paradigm change in the history of political revolutions. The behavior of the revolutionaries and their real objectives are among Muslim good morals, which are compatible with those adopted by the modern Western civilization and the Universal Moral Code. I present the dynamics of this revolution showing how it has removed immediate obstacles for reaching gradually its real objectives after the establishment of a new modern democrat constitution. In this paper, I also show how the ethnic and cultural homogeneity of Tunisian population has protected this revolution against attempts aiming to deviate it from its real objectives. As the spread of the political-religious terrorism is one of the major problems emerged after the launching of this revolution, I discuss the current causes of this spread and propose some initiatives that could be applied immediately for combating this terrorism at the cultural and intellectual levels. Moreover, I reveal its initial roots to provide a long-term strategy underlining, particularly, the need for a deep general review of all what falsely allocated to Islam and the motivation of Muslims to revitalize the real essence of Islam. Keywords: Tunisian revolution particularities, Political revolution, Tunisian population history, Anthropology, Political-religious terrorism, Islam, Free Muslim Thought","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I10.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70537649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bio-resource utilization for food and medicine: a case study of a primitive tribal group of Jharkhand, India","authors":"D. Chatterjee, R. Sarkar","doi":"10.4314/IJMA.V1I9.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/IJMA.V1I9.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an endeavour to define and describe the diversity contained in circumstances surrounding the Sauria Paharia food and medicine system and the wealth of knowledge of their local environment. Sauria Paharia is one of the nine primitive tribal groups of Jharkhand. This hill tribe still practice shifting cultivation and have a definite system of knowledge transmission pattern of resource utilization over the generations. The present research is an outcome of an in-depth study carried out in a purposively selected uni-ethnic village of Pakur district of Jharkhand. The village is inhabited by only 22 household of Sauria Paharia comprising of 108 souls. Despite their insignificant numerical strength, the community has evolved a very comprehensive system of food management that not only help in sustaining their nutritional requirements but also ensure their medicinal necessities. The data were mainly collected with the help of structured schedule followed by open ended interview in a group and individually as well. Participant observation becomes handy during trail walk through the forest accompanied by few ‘expert’ villagers in identifying critical resources that are used by the villagers during the distress period like drought or during crop failure. With regard to the medicinal plant knowledge key informant interview was conducted to understand and document the folk medicine system. Local medicine-man ( Guru ), who mainly prepare medicine from different parts of plants, administers the treatment in their traditional way was interviewed. The data on dietary intake pattern, food availability, pattern of harvest, key food preparation have been categorized and described in the paper. Finally the article argues the importance of sustaining the knowledge of such small scale community to ensure the conservation of critical resources for the benefit of mankind. Keywords: Food system, Indigenous Knowledge, Critical resource conservation, Sauria Paharia , Jharkhand","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/IJMA.V1I9.2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: A gentle revolution in the world of academic publication","authors":"H. Chaabani","doi":"10.4314/ijma.v1i9.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/ijma.v1i9.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14088,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Modern Anthropology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4314/ijma.v1i9.1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70538393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}